Uhlelo Lokusabalalisa Amandla E-Geothermal Lokushisa Isikhala
Amandla okushisa komhlaba ayimithombo yamandla esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enobungani nemvelo. Lawa mandla avela ekushiseni okugcinwe emhlabeni futhi angasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokushisa isikhala. Emazweni amaningana anomsebenzi ophezulu wokushisa komhlaba, njenge-Iceland ne-New Zealand, ukusebenzisa amandla okushisa komhlaba ukufudumeza isikhala sekuyinto evamile futhi kuye kwabonakala kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela uhlelo lokusabalalisa amandla okushisa komhlaba olusebenza ngayo, izinzuzo zalo, kanye nezinselele ezibhekene nokuqaliswa kwalo.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zamandla Okushisa Komhlaba
Amandla okushisa komhlaba avela enkabeni yoMhlaba eshisayo. Lokhu kushisa kungafinyelela phezulu ngokusebenzisa izinto zemvelo ezifana nama-geysers neziphethu ezishisayo, noma ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza nokukhipha ukushisa emithonjeni ye-geothermal. Ukushisa okubangelwayo kungasetshenziswa ngqo ekufudumaleni noma kuguqulwe kube ugesi.
Uma kubhekwa ukufudumala kwesikhala, amandla okushisa komhlaba avame ukutholakala ngezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa ngqo kokushisa komhlaba kanye namaphampu okushisa komhlaba.
Uhlelo Oluqondile Lwe-Geothermal
Izinhlelo eziqondile ze-geothermal zingenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu nezilula zokusebenzisa amandla e-geothermal. Kulesi simiso, amanzi ashisayo adonswa ngaphansi komhlaba bese ethunyelwa ngqo ezakhiweni ukuze afudumale. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinemithombo eminingi yamanzi ashisayo yemvelo. Lezi zinhlelo zingasetshenziswa ekufudumaleni kwendawo, ekufudumaleni kwamanzi, ngisho nakwezolimo nasezimbonini.
Isibonelo esicacile salolu hlelo ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo asebenzisa i-geothermal e-Iceland. Lapho, imindeni engaphezu kuka-90% isebenzisa amandla asebenzisa i-geothermal ekufudumaleni nasekusebenziseni amanzi.
Iphampu Yokushisa Ye-Geothermal
Amaphampu okushisa asebenzisa i-geothermal awubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe futhi angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi lezo ezingenazo imithombo yokushisa yemvelo enamandla. Amaphampu okushisa asebenzisa i-geothermal asebenza ngendlela efanayo namaphampu okushisa avamile, kodwa asebenzisa ukushisa okusebenzisa i-geothermal njengomthombo wawo wamandla. Uhlelo luqukethe amaphampu abekwe ngaphansi komhlaba (emadwaleni noma emithonjeni embiwe) lapho amazinga okushisa ezinzile khona unyaka wonke. Lawa maphayiphi agcwele uketshezi olumunca ukushisa okuvela emhlabathini ngesikhathi sasebusika bese lukukhipha emhlabathini ngesikhathi sasehlobo.
Inqubo Yokusebenza Yesistimu Yokushisa Kwe-Geothermal
Izinhlelo zokushisa isikhala ezisekelwe kumandla angaphansi komhlaba zisebenza ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo ezilula kodwa ezibalulekile.
1. Ukuqoqwa Kokushisa: Uma usebenzisa uhlelo lwepompo yokushisa ye-geothermal, amapayipi agqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba amunca ukushisa emhlabeni. Lawa mapayipi angahlelwa ngokuvundlile noma ngokuma, kuye ngezimo zenhlabathi nezidingo ezithile.
2. Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa: Uketshezi olusemapayipini luthwala ukushisa kusuka phansi bese lukudlulisela empompini yokushisa ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ipompo yokushisa ibe isiphakamisa izinga lokushisa lalolu ketshezi njengoba kudingeka.
3. Ukusatshalaliswa Kokushisa: Ukushisa okukhiqizwayo kusatshalaliswa ohlelweni lokushisa lwendlu noma lwesakhiwo ngamapayipi noma ama-radiator.
4. Umjikelezo Ophindaphindayo: Uketshezi olukhiphe ukushisa kwalo lubuyela emhlabathini ukuze luqale umjikelezo wokushisa futhi.
Izinzuzo Zezinhlelo Zamandla E-Geothermal
Ukusebenzisa amandla okushisa komhlaba ekufudumaleni kwesikhala kunezinzuzo eziningana ezinkulu.
Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Kwamandla
Izinhlelo zamandla okushisa komhlaba, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa amaphampu okushisa komhlaba, zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-70 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokushisa ezivamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zisebenzisa amandla atholakala emhlabeni kuphela kunokukhiqiza ukushisa okusha okuvela kumafutha angaphansi komhlaba.
Ihambisana nemvelo
Amandla angaphansi komhlaba ayindlela yamandla avuselelekayo futhi awakhiqizi ukukhishwa okukhulu kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kusiza ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwekhabhoni futhi kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi umthombo wamandla utholakala ekushiseni kwemvelo koMhlaba, akukho ukushiswa kwamafutha emvelo, okusho ukuthi akukho ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioxide noma okunye ukungcola.
Ukutholakala Nokuqina
Amandla okushisa komhlaba ayatholakala unyaka wonke futhi awaxhomekile ezimweni zezulu, ngokungafani namandla elanga noma omoya. Lokhu kuyenza ibe umthombo wamandla othembekile nozinzile wokushisa isikhala.
Izindleko Eziphansi Zokusebenza
Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zokufaka uhlelo lwe-geothermal zingase zibe phezulu, izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside ziphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlelo aludingi amandla kagesi amaningi kakhulu ukuze lusebenzise ipompo yokushisa futhi aludingi ukulungiswa okuningi.
Izinselele Nezithiyo
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo ezahlukahlukene, kunezinselele eziningana ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zamandla okushisa komhlaba zokushisa isikhala.
Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu
Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu zokufaka. Ukufaka izinhlelo zamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namaphampu okushisa kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuncishiswa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla isikhathi eside kanye nokonga izindleko zokusebenza.
Imikhawulo Yendawo
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okushisa komhlaba kuncike kakhulu endaweni okuyo. Izindawo ezinomsebenzi ophansi wokushisa komhlaba zingadinga ukumba okujulile, okwandisa izindleko.
Ukuqonda kanye Nolwazi
Ukuntuleka kolwazi nokuqonda ngezinzuzo kanye nendlela izinhlelo zamandla okushisa komhlaba ezisebenza ngayo kungaphazamisa ukwamukelwa kwalobu buchwepheshe. Kudingeka imikhankaso yemfundo kanye nokuqwashisa ukuze kwandiswe ukwamukelwa komphakathi.
Imithethonqubo kanye Nezinqubomgomo
Kuye ngezwe kanye nesifunda, imithethonqubo kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zingathinta ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-geothermal. Ezinye izindawo zingadinga izimvume ezikhethekile zokumba noma ukusebenzisa izinsiza ze-geothermal.
Isiphetho
Izinhlelo zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba zokushisa isikhala zinikeza ikhambi elisebenzayo nelinobungani nemvelo elinganciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba. Ngenkathi zibhekene nezinselele ezifana nezindleko zokufaka zokuqala eziphezulu kanye nemikhawulo yezindawo, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ezincishisiwe zizenza zibe inketho ekhangayo kwabaningi. Imfundo yomphakathi, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoqinisa kakhulu indima yamandla okushisa komhlaba ezinhlelweni zokushisa zesikhathi esizayo.
Ezweni elihlala lifuna izixazululo zamandla ezisimeme, ukusebenzisa amandla angaphansi komhlaba ekufudumaleni kwesikhala kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe. Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele kanye nokusekelwa okwanele, amandla angaphansi komhlaba angaba yinsika ebalulekile yesistimu yamandla yomhlaba wonke eluhlaza futhi esebenza kahle.
