Ukuklama nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zepompo yokushisa ye-geothermal
Iphampu yokushisa ye-geothermal (GSHP) ubuchwepheshe bokushisa nokupholisa isakhiwo obusebenzisa izinga lokushisa elizinzile lomhlabathi njengomthombo wokushisa noma isinki. Ezindaweni eziningi, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ekujuleni okuthile lihlala lingaguquguquki unyaka wonke uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya wangaphandle. Lokhu kuvumela amaphampu okushisa e-geothermal ukuthi asebenze kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-HVAC ezivamile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezulu ezinomehluko omkhulu wezinkathi zonyaka. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezimiso zokusebenza, izinketho zokuklama, izici zokusebenza kahle, kanye nokucatshangelwa okusebenzayo ukuqinisekisa uhlelo olusebenzisa amandla kahle futhi oluthembekile ngempela.
Isimiso sokusebenza sepompo yokushisa ye-geothermal
Empeleni, iphampu yokushisa "iyisidluliseli sokushisa," hhayi "umdali." Uhlelo ludlulisela ukushisa kusuka emthonjeni wokushisa okuphansi kuya emthonjeni wokushisa okuphezulu kusetshenziswa i-compressor kanye ne-refrigerant. Kumodi yokushisa, ukushisa kudonswa emhlabathini (ngoketshezi olujikelezayo ku-ground loop), bese izinga lokushisa lalo liphakanyiswa futhi lisatshalaliswe kulo lonke isakhiwo. Kumodi yokupholisa, ukudluliselwa kokushisa kuyaguqulwa: ukushisa okuvela ngaphakathi kuyasuswa bese kuhlakazeka phansi.
Isisekelo sokusebenza kahle kwe-GSHP sisemazingeni okushisa aphansi azinzile. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya wangaphandle libanda kakhulu, uhlelo lomoya oluya emoyeni (umthombo womoya) kumele lukhiphe ukushisa emoyeni obandayo, okuphoqa i-compressor ukuthi isebenze kanzima. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umhlabathi ojule ngamamitha amaningana uhlala ufudumele, okuholela ekuphakameni okuncane kokushisa kokusebenza, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwe-compressor.
Ukucushwa komklamo wesistimu: i-ground loop
Isici sokuklama esibaluleke kakhulu ku-GSHP yi-heat exchanger esekelwe emhlabathini, ngokuvamile ipayipi le-polyethylene elinobukhulu obuphezulu (i-HDPE) elakha isekethe elivaliwe noma uhlelo oluvulekile. Ukukhetha ukucushwa kuthonywa indawo yomhlaba, izimo ze-geological, ukutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye namandla okushisa nokupholisa adingekayo.
1) Uhlelo lwe-loop oluvaliwe
a. Iluphu evundlile
Amapayipi agqitshwa ngokuvundlile aze afinyelele ekujuleni okungaba amamitha ayi-1-2 (kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nemithethonqubo). Izinzuzo zifaka phakathi izindleko zokubhoboza eziphansi, ukufaneleka ezindaweni ezinkulu, kanye nokulula kokusebenza. Okubi kuhlanganisa isidingo sezindawo ezinkulu kanye nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka ekushiseni komhlabathi. Inhlabathi eyomile noma enamatshe inganciphisa amandla okushabalalisa/ukumunca ukushisa.
b. Iluphu eqondile
Ipayipi lifakwa emgodini oqondile (isb., amashumi kuya kwamakhulu amamitha), ngokuvamile ngendlela yokugoba kwe-U. Lokhu kuvamile ezweni elilinganiselwe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi kunikeza amazinga okushisa azinzile omhlabathi. Inkinga yizindleko zokuqala eziphezulu ngenxa yesidingo sokubhoboza nokufaka i-grout (ukugcwalisa ngezinto eziqhuba umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle kokushisa nokwakheka kwenhlabathi/amadwala). Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kuvame ukuhambisana futhi indawo yomhlaba incane.
c. I-loop yechibi/echibini
Uma kukhona ichibi noma ichibi elinobubanzi obanele, ikhoyili yepayipi ingacwiliswa emanzini. Izindleko zingaba ngaphansi kokubhoboza, futhi ukudluliselwa kokushisa okuhle kwamanzi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Imikhawulo ihlanganisa isidingo samanzi afanele, izimvume zemvelo, kanye nokuvikelwa ekulimaleni kwemishini noma izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi.
2) Uhlelo oluvulekile lwe-loop
Lolu hlelo lupompa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi angaphezulu, lukhipha/lufaka ukushisa nge-heat exchanger, bese lubuyisela amanzi emthonjeni wokushaja kabusha noma emanzini amaningi. Ukusebenza kahle kungaba phezulu ngenxa yokushintshana kokushisa ngqo namanzi, kodwa umklamo uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yezidingo zokuvumela, ukukalwa/ukugqwala okungenzeka, izingozi zokungcola, kanye nokutholakala kokugeleza kwamanzi okuzinzile. Akuzona zonke izindawo ezifanele lolu khetho.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezinqumo zokuklama
Ngaphezu kwe-ground loop, i-GSHP iqukethe iyunithi yepompo yokushisa (i-compressor, i-evaporator-condenser, i-expansion valve), ipompo yokujikeleza koketshezi lwe-ground loop, uhlelo lokusabalalisa olungaphakathi, kanye nezilawuli.
1. Uketshezi oluyindilinga olungaphansi komhlaba
Amanzi kanye ne-antifreeze (i-propylene glycol noma i-ethanol) ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa ezindaweni ezisengozini yokubanda. Ukukhetha ukugcwala kwe-antifreeze kuthinta i-viscosity, izidingo zamandla ephampu, kanye namandla okudlulisa ukushisa.
2. Iphampu yokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nomklamo we-hydraulic
Ukwakheka kwepayipi kanye ne-manifold kunquma ukulahlekelwa yikhanda. Uma ipayipi lincane kakhulu noma umzila ugobile, amandla epompo azoba phezulu, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke. Ngakho-ke, abaklami kumele balinganisele izindleko zepayipi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwepompo esikhathini sokuphila kwayo.
3. Uhlelo lokusabalalisa ukushisa/ukubanda esakhiweni
Ama-GSHP asebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokushisa kwamanzi aphansi, njengezitezi ezikhazimulayo noma ama-fan coil anezinga lokushisa eliphakathi lokuphakelwa. Kuma-heater amanzi asezingeni eliphezulu (isb., ama-radiator amadala), amaphampu okushisa angasebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu lokuphakamisa, ehlisa i-COP. Ukulungisa ukwakheka kokusabalalisa kuvame ukuba yisihluthulelo sokonga amandla.
4. Ukulawula ukusebenza kanye nesu
Ukulawula okuhle kuvimbela ukujikeleza okufushane (ukuvulwa njalo) futhi kuthuthukisa ijika le-setpoint. Ama-thermostat anezigaba eziningi, amathangi e-buffer (ezinhlelo ze-hydronic), kanye nezilungiselelo zesivinini eziguquguqukayo kuma-compressor noma amaphampu kungandisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nenduduzo.
Ukuqonda ukusebenza kahle: i-COP, i-EER, kanye ne-SPF
Ukusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa kuvame ukuvezwa kanje:
– I-COP (i-Coefficient of Performance) yemodi yokushisa: isilinganiso samandla okushisa akhiqizwa kugesi osetshenzisiwe. I-COP engu-4 isho ukuthi i-1 kWh ngayinye kagesi ikhiqiza ama-4 kWh okushisa.
– I-EER (Isilinganiso Sokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla) yemodi yokupholisa.
– I-SPF/SCOP (Isici Sokusebenza Kwesizini): ukusebenza kahle kwesizini okucabangela ukushintshashintsha komthwalo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokusebenza kwangempela. Lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu kune-COP yelabhorethri.
Ku-GSHP, i-COP ivame ukuba phezulu ngoba izinga lokushisa lomthombo (inhlabathi) lizinzile. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lokugcina lomsebenzisi luncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweluphu, ikhwalithi yokufaka, kanye nokuhambisana nemithwalo yokwakha.
Isici esinquma kakhulu ukusebenza kahle
1. Izimo zokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye ne-geology
Ukushisa komhlabathi/idwala, umswakama, kanye nokuba khona kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuthinta kakhulu ukudluliselwa kokushisa. Inhlabathi emanzi ngokuvamile ingcono kunenhlabathi eyomile. Ukwakheka kwamadwala athile kungaba nokushisa okuphezulu, kuzuze imiklamo eqondile.
2. Usayizi ofanele we-ground loop (usayizi)
Iluphu encane kakhulu ingaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa koketshezi, ukwehla kwe-COP, kanye nengozi yokuthi uhlelo lungafinyeleli umthamo ophezulu. Iluphu enkulu kakhulu yandisa izindleko zokuqala. Usayizi kufanele usekelwe ekubalweni komthwalo ophezulu waminyaka yonke kanye namandla, hhayi ezilinganisweni ezingahleliwe.
3. Ukufanisa umthamo weyunithi nomthwalo wokwakha
Amayunithi amakhulu kakhulu avame ukufushane, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusheshisa ukuguguleka. Amayunithi amancane azovame ukusebenza ngemithwalo ephezulu noma adinge ukushisa okusizayo, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza.
4. Amandla ephampu yokujikeleza kwegazi (amandla e-parasitic)
Ngokuvamile kunganakwa, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwamaphampu oketshezi kanye nama-blower kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke. Umklamo omuhle we-hydraulic, amaphayiphi afanele, kanye namaphampu asebenza kahle kakhulu kubalulekile ekugcineni i-SPF.
5. Ikhwalithi yokufaka kanye nokufaka i-grouting (uma imile)
Ukuxhumana okuhle kokushisa phakathi kwepayipi nomhlabathi kubalulekile. I-grout eqhubayo inciphisa ukumelana nokushisa. Ukufakwa okungalungile, ukuvuza, noma ukuxhumana okubi kuzophazamisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kwandise ingozi yokwehluleka.
6. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo asekhaya (i-DHW)
Amanye ama-GSHP angafudumeza amanzi asekhaya ngokusebenzisa i-desuperheater noma imodi ekhethekile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi lapho uhlelo lokupholisa luchitha ukushisa okungase "kuvunwe" ngamanzi ashisayo.
Izinto ezicatshangelwayo kwezomnotho kanye nokusimama
Izindleko zokuqala ze-GSHP ngokuvamile ziphakeme kuneze-AC noma ibhoyila evamile ngenxa yomsebenzi womhlaba/ukubhoboza ohilelekile. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokusebenza zingaba ziphansi futhi zizinzile. Ukuhlaziywa okuhle kokwenzeka kwezinto kubheka lokhu okulandelayo:
– amanani kagesi kanye nophethiloli ohlukile,
– amahora okusebenza wonyaka (iphrofayili yomthwalo),
– izikhuthazo zentela noma amakhredithi (uma ekhona),
- izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwemishini,
– inani lenduduzo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-GSHP anganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi, ikakhulukazi uma ugesi uvela emithonjeni equkethe i-carbon ephansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ukusha endaweni, okunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya wendawo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezihlobene negesi.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yokuklama
Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, eminye yemikhuba evame ukunconywa yile:
1. ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwamandla esakhiwo nokuthuthukisa i-envelope yesakhiwo (ukushisa, ukuvuza komoya) ngaphambi kokunquma umthamo,
2. Sebenzisa izibalo ezifanele zomthwalo wokushisa nokupholisa, hhayi nje indawo yesakhiwo,
3. Khetha ukucushwa kweluphu ngokuya ngezwe kanye ne-geology, bese wenza izivivinyo zokuphendula ukushisa (kumaphrojekthi amakhulu),
4. beka phambili ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi (phansi elikhanyayo/elifanele le-coil),
5. lungisa ama-hydraulic ukuze unciphise amandla ephampu,
6. sebenzisa izilawuli ezivimbela ukujikeleza okufushane futhi zisekele ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo.
I-Penutup
Ukwakheka nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yepompo yokushisa ye-geothermal kunqunywa kakhulu ukufaneleka kwezici ezintathu: izici zomhlabathi, izidingo zomthwalo wesakhiwo, kanye nekhwalithi yobunjiniyela bokujikeleza nokusabalalisa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Uma iklanywe kahle, ama-GSHP anikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, induduzo ezinzile, kanye nethuba lokonga izindleko zamandla zesikhathi eside. Phakathi kwesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya kanye nokufakwa kukagesi kokushisa, amapompo okushisa e-geothermal aba ngenye yezinketho ezikhanga kakhulu ezakhiweni zesimanje—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zezindawo zokuhlala, zezentengiselwano, noma zezikhungo—inqobo nje uma ukwakheka kwawo kuqinile futhi kuqhutshwa idatha.
