Indlela Amajeneretha Asebenza Ngayo Ezinhlelweni Zokushisa Kwamanzi
Izinsiza zamandla avuselelekayo sezibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuthembela kumafutha emvelo. Omunye umthombo wamandla avuselelekayo othembisayo amandla e-geothermal. Amandla e-geothermal avela ekushiseni okungaphansi kobuso boMhlaba. Ukuze sisebenzise la mandla, sisebenzisa izinhlelo ezaziwa ngokuthi izinhlelo ze-geothermal, lapho abakhiqizi bedlala indima ebalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela abakhiqizi abasebenza ngayo ezinhlelweni ze-geothermal, kusukela ekukhipheni ukushisa ngaphakathi koMhlaba kuya ekukhiqizeni ugesi ongasetshenziswa.
Isingeniso kuMandla Okushisa Kwasemkhathini
Amandla okushisa komhlaba, noma ukushisa komhlaba, amandla ngesimo sokushisa okuvela ngaphakathi koMhlaba. Lokhu kushisa kudalwa ukubola kwezinto ezinemisebe engaphakathi koMhlaba kanye ne-mantle, kanye nokushisa okubanjwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakheka koMhlaba. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukusebenzisa la mandla bugxile ekusebenziseni uketshezi olushisayo oluvela ngaphansi komhlaba ukukhiqiza umusi, osetshenziswa ukushayela ama-generator e-turbine nokukhiqiza ugesi.
Uhlelo Lokushisa Kwasemoyeni
Uhlelo lwe-geothermal luvame ukuba nezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko: umthombo wokukhiqiza, umthombo wokujova, umshini wokushintshanisa ukushisa, i-turbine, i-generator, kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa nokulawula. Ukushisa okuvela ngaphakathi komhlaba kukhishwa ngomthombo wokukhiqiza, lapho uketshezi olushisayo noma umusi uphakanyiswa khona. Umusi ophumayo ube ususetshenziswa ukushayela i-turbine exhunywe kujeneretha kagesi.
Indlela Amajeneretha Asebenza Ngayo Ezinhlelweni Zokushisa Kwamanzi
1. Ukukhishwa Kokushisa Emhlabeni
Esigabeni sokuqala, ukushisa kukhishwa emhlabeni ngokubhoboza umthombo wokukhiqiza. Lo mthombo uholela echibini lokushisa eliqukethe umusi noma amanzi ashisayo. Ukujula komthombo kungahluka kuye ngendawo kanye nezindawo zokugcina ukushisa komhlaba, ngokuvamile phakathi kwekhilomitha eli-1 neli-3 ngaphansi kobuso.
2. Ukuguqulwa Kokushisa Kube Umusi
Uketshezi olushisayo, noma ingxube yamanzi kanye nomusi, lukhishwa emthonjeni bese luthuthwa luye phezulu ngamapayipi. Ngaphezulu, lolu ketshezi lufakwa kumshini wokushintshanisa ukushisa noma isihlukanisi ukuze kuhlukaniswe umusi emanzini. Lo musi ophumayo uyisici esiyinhloko ekushayeleni i-turbine yomshini wokukhiqiza.
3. I-Turbine Drive
Umusi ovela ekushintsheni kokushisa uqondiswa ku-turbine. I-turbine inama-blade amaningana afakwe ku-rotor. Lo musi ocindezelayo ophezulu udlula phezu kwama-blade e-turbine, okwenza i-turbine ijikeleze. Lokhu kuhamba kokujikeleza kuyisinyathelo sokuqala enkambisweni yokuguqula amandla okushisa abe amandla omshini.
4. Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi
I-turbine ejikelezayo ixhunywe ku-rotor yejeneretha nge-shaft. I-rotor yejeneretha iyajikeleza njengoba i-turbine ijikeleza, okwenza insimu yamagnetic ye-rotor ikhiqize ugesi ku-stator yejeneretha (ingxenye engaguquki yejeneretha). Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi i-electromagnetic induction.
5. Uhlelo Lokulawula Nokusabalalisa
Ugesi okhiqizwa yijeneretha ube usudlula ohlelweni lokulawula ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamandla kanye nokuzinza ngaphambi kokuba usatshalaliswe kugridi. Lolu hlelo lokulawula luqapha izidingo ze-voltage, imvamisa, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kubathengi bokugcina.
Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokushisa Komhlaba
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo ze-geothermal ezisetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile nezidingo, okuhlanganisa:
1. Isikhungo Sikagesi Somjikelezo Webhayinari
Kulesi simiso, uketshezi olushisayo lufudunyezwa ngamapayipi bese ukushisa kusetshenziselwa ukufutha uketshezi lwesibili olunezinga eliphansi lokubila, njenge-isobutane. Umhwamuko ovela kulolu ketshezi lwesibili ube ususetshenziswa ukushayela i-turbine kanye ne-generator.
2. Isitshalo Somusi Owomile
Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa umusi ngqo ovela endaweni yokugcina amanzi ashisayo ukuze lushayele i-turbine. Luwubuchwepheshe be-geothermal obudala kakhulu futhi obulula kakhulu.
3. Ijeneretha ye-Flash Steam
Lesi sitshalo samandla sisebenzisa amanzi ashisayo ngomfutho ophezulu, okuthi uma ekhiqizwa phezulu, anciphise umfutho wawo bese ephenduka umusi. Lomusi ube ususetshenziswa ukushayela i-turbine.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezinselele
Ukuvelela
1. Inobungani nemvelo
Izitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa i-geothermal zikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu kunezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa i-fossil fuel.
2. Imithombo Yamandla Avuselelekayo
Amandla okushisa komhlaba angomthombo wamandla ongapheli uma nje ukushisa komhlaba kusaqhubeka nokuba khona.
3. Ukutholakala Okuphezulu
Ngokungafani namandla elanga noma omoya, amandla okushisa komhlaba atholakala ubusuku nemini futhi awaxhomekile ezimweni zezulu.
Inselele
1. Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kokuhlola nokumba imithombo ye-geothermal kukhulu impela.
2. Izingozi Zemvelo
Izindawo ezingaba khona zezitshalo zamandla okushisa komhlaba zikhawulelwe ezindaweni ezinomsebenzi osebenzayo wokushisa komhlaba, isibonelo ePacific Ring of Fire.
3. Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Namaminerali
Amanzi asetshenziswayo angaba namaminerali angabangela ukugqwala noma ukuchithwa kwemishini.
Isiphetho
Amajeneretha ezinhlelweni ze-geothermal adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni amandla okushisa avela ngaphakathi komhlaba abe ugesi ongasetshenziswa. Le nqubo iqala ngokubhoboza nokukhipha uketshezi olushisayo, ukuhlukanisa umusi, ukushayela i-turbine, bese ekugcineni iguqula amandla omshini abe ugesi yijeneretha. Ngenkathi ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kanye nezingozi ze-geological, izinzuzo zamandla e-geothermal, njengokusimama kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi komoya, kwenza kube inketho ekhangayo ngaphakathi kwephothifoliyo yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni jikelele.
