Umehluko Phakathi Kwamachibi Emvelo Nawokwenziwa Ekuphathweni Kwemithombo Yamanzi
Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi kuyisici esibalulekile sokugcina ukusimama kwemvelo nokusekela izidingo zabantu ezahlukahlukene. Olunye uhlobo lwalokhu kuphathwa lungokwakhiwa kwamachibi okugcina amanzi. Amadamu ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezemvelo kanye nokwenziwa. Nakuba womabili esebenza ukugcina amanzi, kunomehluko omkhulu endleleni akhiwa ngayo, izici zawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Idamu Lemvelo
Inqubo Yokwakheka
Amadamu emvelo akheka ngezinqubo ze-geological nezesimo sezulu ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu. Le nqubo ingathatha izigidi zeminyaka, ithonywe yizici ezahlukahlukene njengokugeleza komfula, ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic, ukuguguleka komhlabathi, kanye nokuchitheka komhlabathi. Isibonelo esidumile sedamu lemvelo yiLake Toba e-Indonesia, elakhiwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo cishe eminyakeni engu-75.000 eyedlule.
Isici
– Ukuma Nobukhulu: Ngokuvamile kunezimo ezingajwayelekile kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kuye ngezici ze-geological ezizakhile.
– Uhlelo lwe-Ecosystem: Lusekela uhlelo lwe-ecosystem oluhlukahlukene kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane okungenzeka ukuthi zivumelanise ngqo nezimo zemvelo ezikhona.
– Ikhwalithi Yamanzi: Ikhwalithi yamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi zemvelo ivame ukuba ngcono kunasezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezenziwe ngokwenziwa, uma kucatshangelwa inqubo yokuhlunga yemvelo, kanye nokusimama kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo esikhona.
Isisetshenziswa
– Ukulondolozwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo: Ngezindawo zazo zemvelo, izindawo zokugcina amanzi zemvelo ziyindawo ebalulekile yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezahlukene.
– Ezokuvakasha Nokuzilibazisa: Ngenxa yobuhle bazo, izindawo zemvelo zokugcina amanzi zivame ukuba izindawo ezikhangayo zokuvakasha.
– Amanzi Okuphuza kanye Nemithombo Yokunisela: Nakuba umthamo wamanzi ungahluka, izindawo eziningi zokugcina amanzi zemvelo zisetshenziswa njengemithombo yamanzi yezidingo zansuku zonke kanye nezolimo.
Inselele
– Ukuguquguquka Kwevolumu Yamanzi: Umthamo wamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi zemvelo uvame ukuthintwa yizinkathi zonyaka kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuthembela kuwo njalo ngezidingo ezihambisanayo.
– Ukulawula Okulinganiselwe: Akukho okuningi abantu abangakwenza ukulawula umthamo wamanzi noma ikhwalithi yamanzi ezindaweni zemvelo zokugcina amanzi.
Idamu Lokwenziwa
Inqubo Yokwakheka
Amadamu okwenziwa, njengoba negama lisho, akhiwa abantu ngenhloso ethile. Inqubo yokwakha ihilela ukuklama nokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela ngokucophelela, okungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Ukwakha idamu lokwenziwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukumba umhlaba nokwakha idamu ukuze kubanjwe amanzi.
Isici
– Ukuma Nobukhulu: Amadamu okwenziwa anezimo nobukhulu obulinganiswayo futhi angalungiswa ngokwezidingo ezithile. Lawa madadamu angaklanywa ukubamba umthamo wamanzi othize, onqunyiwe kusengaphambili.
– Uhlelo Lwezinto Eziphilayo: Izinhlelo zemvelo ezindaweni zokugcina izinto zokwenziwa azinzima kangako kunezindawo zokugcina izinto zemvelo futhi ngokuvamile zithatha isikhathi ukuthuthuka. Izitshalo nezilwane ezikhona zivame ukungeniswa kancane kancane.
– Ikhwalithi Yamanzi: Ikhwalithi yamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi zokwenziwa kulula ngabantu ukuyilawula ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuhlunga nokwelapha amanzi.
Isisetshenziswa
– Ukulawulwa Kwezikhukhula: Amadamu okwenziwa avame ukwakhiwa njengendlela yokulawula izikhukhula. Amadamu avumela amanzi emvula ukuthi agcinwe futhi akhishwe ngendlela elawulwayo.
– Amanzi Okuphuza Nokunisela: Izindawo zokugcina amanzi zokwenziwa zingaklanywa ngokuqondile ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zamanzi okuphuza kanye nokunisela njalo unyaka wonke.
– Izitshalo Zikagesi Ezisebenzisa Amanzi (i-PLTA): Izindawo eziningi zokugcina amanzi ezenziwe zifakwe izikhungo zikagesi ukuze zikhiqize amandla ahlanzekile.
– Ezokuvakasha Nokuzilibazisa: Izindawo zokugcina amanzi zokwenziwa nazo zingathuthukiswa zibe yizindawo zokuzilibazisa, kodwa ngokuvamile zidinga umzamo owengeziwe wobuhle nezindawo ezisekelayo.
Inselele
– Izindleko Nezinsizakusebenza: Ukwakha ichibi lokwenziwa kudinga izindleko ezinkulu kanye nesikhathi esiningi nomzamo.
– Umthelela Kwezemvelo: Ukwakhiwa kwamachibi okwenziwa kungabhubhisa izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo futhi kushintshe izimiso zemvelo ezikhona, okuvame ukubangela impikiswano.
– Ukugcinwa: Amadamu okwenziwa adinga ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ukuqhathanisa Ekuphathweni Kwezinsizakusebenza Zamanzi
Ukusebenza kahle
Amadamu okwenziwa asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi ngoba angaklanywa ngenhloso futhi alawulwe ubuchwepheshe. Okwamanje, amadamu emvelo avame ukuba nzima ukuwalawula, naphezu kwezinzuzo zawo ezibalulekile zemvelo.
Ukusimama Kwemvelo
Amadamu emvelo ahamba phambili ekusimeni kwemvelo ngoba asekela izimiso zemvelo eziye zavela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadamu okwenziwa angabangela izinguquko ezinkulu zemvelo, yize imizamo yokuvuselela nokulondoloza inganciphisa imiphumela emibi.
Amandla Nokulawula
Amadamu okwenziwa avumela ukulawula okukhulu umthamo wamanzi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwawo, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlosweni zasemadolobheni, zezimboni kanye nezolimo. Nakuba amadamu emvelo enganikezi izinga elifanayo lokulawula, ahlinzeka ngemithombo "eqhubekayo" uma ingasetshenziswa ngokweqile.
Izindleko
Ngokuvamile, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okwenziwa kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokubili kwezezimali kanye nezinsizakusebenza zabantu. Kodwa-ke, uma esesebenza, lawa madama anganikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amadamu emvelo awadingi zindleko zokwakha, kodwa angase abize izindleko zokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi, kokubili izindawo zokugcina amanzi zemvelo nezokwenziwa zidlala indima ebalulekile, ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Izindawo zokugcina amanzi zemvelo zibeka phambili ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi enhle, kuyilapho izindawo zokugcina amanzi zemvelo zinikeza ukulawula okukhulu phezu kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zabantu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abaphathi bemithombo yamanzi, ohulumeni, kanye nemiphakathi baqonde lo mehluko ukuze bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kohlobo ngalunye lwedamu. Ngendlela efanele, zombili izinhlobo zamachibi zingaba negalelo elikhulu enhlalakahleni yabantu kanye nasekuzinzeni kwemvelo.
