Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Kaplan Turbine Ne-Pelton Turbine Ekukhiqizeni Amandla
Izitshalo zamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi (ii-HPP) zingenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ugesi oluhlaza nohlala isikhathi eside. Ku-HPP, ama-turbine adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni amandla e-kinetic kanye nekhono lamanzi abe amandla omshini, abese eguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ngosizo lwama-generator. Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-turbine asetshenziswa njalo kuma-HPP yi-Kaplan Turbine kanye ne-Pelton Turbine. Nakuba zombili zisebenza ukuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi, ziyahlukahluka ezicini eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka, indlela yokusebenza, izimo zokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lesi sihloko sizochaza umehluko phakathi kwama-Kaplan Turbines nama-Pelton Turbines kanye nokufaneleka kwawo ekukhiqizeni ugesi kwanamuhla.
1. Umklamo kanye nesakhiwo
Ama-turbine e-Kaplan ne-Pelton anemiklamo ebonisa umehluko omkhulu endleleni asebenza ngayo.
I-Kaplan Turbine
I-turbine ye-Kaplan iyi-turbine yokusabela enomklamo ofana ne-propeller yomkhumbi. Lo mklamo uvumela amanzi ukuthi ageleze ngokuzungeza emthanjeni we-turbine. Ezinye zezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-turbine ye-Kaplan zifaka:
– I-Runner (Propeller): Inama-blade amaningana alungisekayo ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle ekugelezeni kwamanzi nasezihlokweni ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvumela i-turbine ye-Kaplan ukuthi isebenze kahle emithwalweni eminingi yokusebenza.
– Ama-Guide Vanes: Le ngxenye isebenza ukuqondisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kumgijimi nge-engeli efanele, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla.
– Ipayipi Lokudonsa: Ipayipi elingaphansi kwesigijimi elisiza ekunciphiseni ijubane lamanzi nokubuyisa ingcindezi ethile, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
I-Pelton Turbine
I-Pelton turbine iyi-implifier turbine evame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla ezine-water head ephezulu kanye nokugeleza okuphansi. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-Pelton turbine zifaka:
– Umgijimi: Yakhiwa amabhakede amaningana aklanyelwe ukwamukela ngqo i-water jet impulse. Ibhakede ngalinye lihlukanisa i-water jet ibe izingxenye ezimbili, kunciphisa umfutho wamanzi futhi liguqule amandla e-kinetic abe amandla omshini.
– I-Nozzle ne-Jet: I-nozzle iqondisa amanzi ebhakedeni ngobukhulu obuthile nangesivinini esithile, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwamandla akhiqizwayo.
– Ibhokisi: Lifaka umgibeli ukuze aqondise amanzi asetshenzisiwe ngaphandle kwesistimu, livimbele ukuthintana namanye amabhakede futhi linciphise ukuxokozela.
2. Indlela Yokusebenza
I-Kaplan Turbine
I-turbine ye-Kaplan isebenza ngokomgomo wokusabela, lapho izinguquko ekucindezelweni kanye namandla e-kinetic amanzi kusiza ekujikelezeni kwe-turbine. Njengoba amanzi egeleza nge-guide vanes eya kumgijimi, umfutho wamanzi uyancipha futhi ijubane lawo liyakhuphuka, okudala amandla ajikeleza umgijimi. Ukulungisa i-engeli ye-blade kuvumela i-turbine ye-Kaplan ukuthi isebenze kahle ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokugeleza kwamanzi.
I-Pelton Turbine
I-turbine ye-Pelton isebenza ngomgomo wokushukuma, lapho amanzi ekhishwa njengejethi yesivinini esikhulu esuka embotsheni bese eshaya ibhakede kumgijimi. Njengoba ijethi yamanzi ishaya ibhakede, umfutho wamanzi udluliselwa ebhakedeni, okwenza umgijimi ajikeleze. Ngemva kokushaya ibhakede, amanzi ahlukana abe izingxenye ezimbili bese eqondiswa ngaphandle kohlelo ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amabhakede.
3. Izimo Zokusebenza
I-Kaplan Turbine
Ama-turbine e-Kaplan alungele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zokugeleza kwamanzi aphezulu anezinhloko zamanzi eziphansi kuya kweziphakathi. Avame ukusetshenziswa emadamini amakhulu emifula nasezitshalweni zamandla ezinkulu ezinezigeleza zamanzi eziqhubekayo. Izimo zokusebenza zifaka:
– Ukukhishwa Kwamanzi (Izinga Lokugeleza): Kuphezulu
– Inhloko Yamanzi: Ephansi kuya Ephakathi (kusukela kumamitha ama-2 kuya kwangama-70)
– Ukuguquguquka: Iyakwazi ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo nokugeleza okuhlukahlukene.
I-Pelton Turbine
Ama-turbine e-Pelton afaneleka ezimweni ezinama-water head aphezulu kanye nokugeleza okuncane. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezintaba noma ezindaweni ezinomehluko omkhulu wokuphakama phakathi komthombo wamanzi nendawo ye-turbine. Izimo zokusebenza zifaka:
– Ukukhishwa Kwamanzi (Izinga Lokugeleza): Kuphansi
– Ikhanda Lamanzi (Ikhanda): Ukuphakama (kusukela kumamitha ayi-100 kuya kwangaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000)
– Ukuguquguquka: Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ophezulu ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi okugxile embotsheni.
4. Ukusetshenziswa Nokusetshenziswa
I-Kaplan Turbine
I-Kaplan Turbine isetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okusatshalaliswa kwamanzi adinga ama-turbine anamandla aphezulu anokulungiswa kokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. Ezinye zezicelo ezivamile ze-Kaplan Turbine zifaka:
– Isikhungo Sikagesi Sedamu Lomfula: Sisebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi omfula okunamandla amakhulu ukukhiqiza ugesi.
– Uhlelo Lokunisela Nokulawula Izikhukhula: Ukuzivumelanisa nokushintshashintsha kokugeleza kwamanzi okuvela emiseleni yokunisela nasemadamini okulawula izikhukhula.
– Isikhungo Sikagesi Samanzi SaseTidal: Sivumelana nezinguquko emazingeni amanzi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwamanzi okuphezulu nokuphansi.
I-Pelton Turbine
Ama-turbine e-Pelton asetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi amancane kuya kwaphakathi okukhiqiza ugesi ezindaweni ezinezintaba noma ezindaweni lapho amanzi etholakala khona njalo ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwama-turbine e-Pelton kufaka phakathi:
– Izitshalo Zamandla Kagesi Ezincane Neziphakathi: Ezindaweni ezinezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu, njengezindawo ezinezintaba.
– Izitshalo Zikagesi Ezizimele: Ukuhlinzeka ngogesi emiphakathini ekude noma ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwedolobha ezinemithombo yamanzi eminingi.
– Isikhungo Sikagesi Esincane Samanzi: Sincane futhi silula, sifanele izindawo ezinemithombo yamanzi ephansi kodwa ezinzile.
5. Ukusebenza Kahle Nokusebenza Kahle
I-Kaplan Turbine
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine ye-Kaplan kuvame ukuba phezulu kakhulu, kufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-90% ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Amandla okulungisa ama-engeli ama-blade avumela ama-turbine e-Kaplan ukuthi asebenze kahle kuzo zonke izimo eziningi zokugeleza nomthwalo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu.
I-Pelton Turbine
Ama-turbine e-Pelton nawo anamandla aphezulu kakhulu okusebenza kahle, ngokuvamile acishe abe ngu-85-90%. Nakuba engenawo amandla okulungisa ama-blade ama-turbine e-Kaplan, ukusebenza kwawo kahle kuhlala kukuhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwekhanda lamanzi amaningi kanye nezimo zokugeleza okugxile. Ukusebenza kahle kugcinwa ngokwengeziwe ngomklamo we-nozzle oqondisa ngokunembile i-water jet.
Isiphetho
Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi, ama-turbine e-Kaplan kanye ne-Pelton anezinzuzo ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kuye ngezimo zokusebenza. Ama-turbine e-Kaplan ahamba phambili ezinhlokweni zamanzi ezihamba kakhulu, eziphansi kuya kweziphakathi, futhi ikhono lawo lokulungisa ama-blade liwavumela ukuthi azivumelanise nobubanzi bemithwalo kanye nokugeleza. Ama-turbine e-Pelton, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aklanyelwe ngqo izimo ezihamba kancane, eziphansi, futhi ngomklamo wawo okhethekile wamabhakede, ayakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwalezi zimo.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-turbine ye-Kaplan ne-turbine ye-Pelton kufanele kusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okujulile kwemithombo yamanzi etholakalayo, izidingo zamandla, kanye nendawo yendawo. Ngokuqonda kahle umehluko kanye nezicelo ezifanele, izitshalo zamandla kagesi zingathuthukiswa ukuze zikhiqize ugesi ngendlela ephumelelayo, enokwethenjelwa, futhi eqhubekayo.
