Ukugcinwa Kwezakhiwo Ezivikelayo Nezakhiwo Ezisekelayo Ezitshalweni Zikagesi Ezisebenzisa Amanzi
Izitshalo zamandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi (i-PLTA) ziyingqalasizinda ebalulekile ethembele ekuthembekeni kwezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, ze-mechanical, kanye nezomphakathi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kokusebenza kwama-turbine nama-generator, kunezingxenye ezibalulekile, ezivame ukunganakwa: izakhiwo ezivikelayo kanye nezakhiwo ezisekelayo. Zombili zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kokusebenza, ukuvikela imishini ebalulekile, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile. Ngenxa yokuthi zisebenza ezindaweni ezimanzi, ezicindezelekile futhi zisengozini yokubola kanye nokugqwala, izakhiwo ezivikelayo kanye nezakhiwo ezisekelayo zidinga uhlelo lokulungisa oluhleliwe, olubhalwe phansi, noluqhubekayo.
Ukuqonda Izakhiwo Ezivikelayo Nezakhiwo Ezisekelayo
Izakhiwo ezivikelayo ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi zifaka phakathi izinto ezenzelwe ukuvikela imishini, abasebenzi, kanye nezakhiwo emiphumeleni yamanzi, izinto ezintantayo, ingcindezi ye-hydraulic, kanye nokwehluleka kwesistimu okungenzeka. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izindawo zokulahla udoti, amasango okungenisa, ama-stoplog, amasango okuchitheka, izindonga zokugcina amanzi, ukuvikelwa kwebhange, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi. Izakhiwo ezivikelayo zingabandakanya futhi ama-levees, izithiyo zezikhukhula, kanye nokuvikelwa kokuguguleka komhlabathi ezindaweni ezibucayi.
Okwamanje, izakhiwo ezisekelayo yizindawo ezisekela ukusebenza nokugcinwa, njengemigwaqo yokungena, amabhuloho okuhlola, izakhiwo zokulawula, izindlu zamavalvu, ama-workshop, izindawo zokugcina impahla, izindawo zokuphakamisa izinto, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa, kanye neziteshi zokukhipha amanzi endaweni. Ukuthembeka kwezakhiwo ezisekelayo kunquma ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa, impendulo ephuthumayo, kanye nokuthutha imishini esindayo.
Kungani Ukugcinwa Kwezinto Kubalulekile Ezitshalweni Zamandla Kagesi Ngamanzi?
Indawo yokusebenza yezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamanzi inezinselele eziyingqayizivele. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuthwala indle, isihlabathi, amatshe, kanye nemfucuza yemvelo. Izinguquko zesizini ekukhishweni kwamanzi zithinta umthwalo we-hydraulic endaweni yokungenisa kanye nendawo yokuchitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zensimbi zisengozini yokugqwala ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu; izakhiwo zekhonkrithi zingaqhekeka ngenxa yemijikelezo eyomile-emanzi, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, noma imiphumela yokuguguleka kwendle. Uma ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngokucophelela, umthelela awugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kodwa futhi ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kokusebenza, umonakalo omkhulu, ngisho nezehlakalo zokuphepha.
Izingxenye Zokulungisa Erekhini Kadoti Nokungenisa Udoti
I-rack kadoti isebenza ukuhlunga udoti ukuze iwuvimbele ukuthi ungangeni emgudwini wokungenisa bese ulimala i-turbine. Ukugcinwa njalo kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza udoti ngesandla noma ukusebenzisa isihlanzi se-rack kadoti, ukuhlola izinduku ukuthi aziguquguquki yini, ukuqinisa amabhawodi noma ukushisela kabusha izindawo ezibuthakathaka, nokuhlola ukugqwala. Uphawu oluvamile lwezinkinga ze-rack kadoti ukulahlekelwa ikhanda okwandisiwe (ukwehla kwengcindezi), okunganciphisa ukugeleza kokungena kwe-turbine okusebenzayo futhi kuphoqe iyunithi ukuthi isebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle.
Amasango okungena kanye nama-stoplog adinga ukunakwa ezinsikeni zokuqondisa, izivalo zerabha, uhlelo lokuqalisa, kanye nezindawo zokuthintana. Izivalo ezigugile zingabangela ukuvuza, zandise ukulahlekelwa amandla, futhi zibe nzima ukuzihlukanisa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuvamile kwamavalvu avulekile kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impendulo esheshayo uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
Izinhlelo Zokulungisa Imigwaqo Echithekayo kanye Nokusiza Ngezikhukhula
Imigwaqo echithekayo kanye nemigwaqo echithekayo yizona zakhiwo eziyinhloko zokuvikela izikhukhula. Ukwehluleka kwala madivayisi kungaba yingozi. Izinhlelo zokulungisa zivame ukufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezindawo zekhonkrithi (ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, ukuguguleka), ukukhuhla, kanye nokubukeza isimo sezinsika, ama-aproni, kanye nezitsha zokuthulisa. Udaka kanye namatshe athinta indawo echithekayo kungabangela ukuklwebheka; ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwezimbozo zokuvikela (isb., izimbozo ezikhethekile noma ama-epoxies) kuvame ukuba kubalulekile.
Ngokombono womshini, izinhlelo zokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo, i-pulley, kanye ne-hydraulic kudingeka zihlolwe ukuthi zigcotshwe, zigugile, futhi ziqondaniswe kahle yini. Uhlelo lokulawula kanye nezinzwa zamazinga amanzi kumele zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okunembile kwesango lokungena kwamanzi. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza njalo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasango awavaleki ngemva kokungasebenzi isikhathi eside.
Ukuvikelwa Kokuguguleka Kwenhlabathi, Amawa, kanye Nokwakheka Komhlabathi
Izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenzisa amanzi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba noma ezigodini zemifula ezinengozi enkulu yokuguguleka komhlaba kanye nokuguguleka komhlaba. Ukugcinwa kwezakhiwo zamawa ezivikelayo njenge-riprap, ama-gabion, izindonga zokugcina amanzi, kanye neziteshi zokuphambukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kufanele kugcizelele ukuqina kwentaba futhi kuvimbele ukuwohloka (ukuguguleka kwezisekelo ngokugeleza kwamanzi). Ukuhlolwa ngemva kwemvula enkulu noma izikhukhula kubalulekile, njengoba izinguquko ezisheshayo ezimweni zomhlabathi zingasongela ukufinyelela emigwaqweni kanye nokuphepha kwesakhiwo.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni kubalulekile. Ukugeleza kwamanzi okuvalekile kungabangela ukugcwala kwamachibi, kusheshise ukuwohloka kwendlela, futhi kwandise umswakama ezisekelweni zesakhiwo. Ukuhlanza amanzi amdaka, ukulungisa imithambeka, kanye nokulawula izitshalo kuyimisebenzi evamile evame ukubonakala ilula kodwa inethonya elikhulu.
Ukugcinwa Kwezakhiwo Zokulawula, Izindawo Zokusebenzela, kanye Nezindawo Ezisekelayo
Izakhiwo zokulawula kanye namakamelo ephaneli zidinga ukulungiswa kobunjiniyela bezakhiwo (uphahla, izindonga, phansi) kanye nokulawulwa kwemvelo (umswakama, umoya ongenisayo, kanye nokuhlanzeka). Ukuvuza kophahla kanye nokuvuza kodonga kumele kuxazululwe ngokushesha njengoba kungalimaza imishini kagesi kanye nezinsimbi. Emashabhu nasezindaweni zokugcina impahla, izici zokuphepha ezifana nezimo zephansi (ukungasheleli), ukukhanya, umoya ongenisayo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinto kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo.
Ama-crane, ama-hoist, kanye nemizila yesitimela esincane kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukulungiswa kweyunithi. Ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo, isitifiketi semishini yokuphakamisa, ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kwemingcele, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo okusekelayo kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha emsebenzini. Ukwehluleka kwemishini yokuphakamisa akugcini nje ngokubambezela ukulungiswa kodwa futhi kungabangela izingozi.
Izindlela Zokuhlola kanye Namasu Okulungisa
Ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamanzi kungcono ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezibonakalayo, izilinganiso, kanye nokuhlolwa okungonakalisi. Ukuze uthole ukhonkolo, kusetshenziswe imephu yokuqhekeka, ukuhlolwa kwesando, kanye nokuhlolwa kokubuyela emuva. Ezakhiweni zensimbi, ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-ultrasonic kusiza ukuqapha ukugqwala. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngezimoto zokuntywila noma eziqhutshwa kude (ama-ROV), ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokungenisa, izindonga zesiteshi, kanye nezisekelo.
Ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukugcoba, ukupenda okulwa nokugqwala, ukufaka isivalo esikhundleni sokuvala, kanye nokuqinisa izixhumanisi. Ukulungiswa kokulungisa kuhlanganisa ukulungisa imifantu yekhonkrithi (umjovo we-epoxy), ukupeyinta ukucheba, ukufaka esikhundleni izingxenye zesango/ukuphakamisa ezigugile, kanye nokulungisa izindawo ezichithekile. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka ukulungiswa okubikezelayo okusekelwe ezimweni, isibonelo ngokuqapha ukudlidliza kokuphakamisa, ukuthambekela kokuvuza kwesango, noma ukwanda kokulahlekelwa ikhanda lapho kungena khona.
Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza Nokungcola
Ukuthuthwa kwendle kuyisitha esikhulu sezitshalo zikagesi zamanzi ngoba kunganciphisa umthamo wamachibi futhi kwandise ukuguguleka kwama-turbine. Izakhiwo ezisekelayo ezifana nezitsha zokuhlalisa, izicupho zesihlabathi, amasango okuthuthwa kwendle, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthwa kwendle zidinga ukulungiswa okunzulu ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwazo. Ukulawulwa kwendle okukhuphukayo ngokusebenzisa ama-boom, izithiyo zendle, noma izinhlelo zokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo nakho kunganciphisa umthwalo wokulungisa ezindaweni zokulahla udoti. Ukuphathwa kwendle kufanele kuhlanganiswe namaphethini okusebenza kwemisele futhi kuhlanganiswe nokuphathwa kwemisele yamanzi.
Ukuphepha Emsebenzini kanye Nemibhalo
Ukugcinwa kwezindawo ezinamanzi agelezayo, izindawo eziphakeme, kanye nemishini esindayo kudinga ukuqaliswa okuqinile kokuphepha kanye nempilo emsebenzini (K3). Izinqubo zokukhiya ngaphandle, izinqubo zemvume yokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (PPE), ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphuma kuyimpoqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhalo iyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwempahla: imiphumela yokuhlola, izithombe zesimo, amarekhodi okulungisa, kanye nomlando wokushintsha izingxenye kumele kugcinwe kahle ukuze kusizwe ekuhlaziyweni kwemikhuba yomonakalo kanye nokuhlela isabelomali.
I-Penutup
Ukugcina izakhiwo zokuvikela kanye nezakhiwo ezisekelayo ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi akuwona nje umsebenzi ojwayelekile, kodwa kuyindlela yokugcina ukuthembeka nokuphepha kokukhiqizwa kwesikhathi eside. Izindawo zokulahla udoti, izindawo zokungenisa udoti, izindawo zokuchitheka, ukuvikelwa kwebhange, ukudonsa amanzi, izakhiwo zokulawula, kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa konke kudlala indima ehlobene. Ngokuhlolwa okuvamile, ukulungiswa kokuvimbela okuqhubekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlola ezifanele, kanye nemibhalo efanele, izitshalo zamandla kagesi angasebenza kahle kakhulu, ngokuphephile, futhi amelane nezinselele zemvelo kanye nemithwalo yokusebenza. Ekugcineni, ukutshala imali ekunakekelweni kuwukutshalwa kwezimali ekuqhubekeni kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
