Inqubo Yokuguga kanye Nomphumela Wayo Emsebenzini Wezitho
Ukuguga luhambo olungenakugwenywa lwezinto eziphilayo, inqubo eqala kusukela ekuzalweni futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekufeni. Njengoba siguga, imizimba yethu idlula ezinguqukweni eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezithinta izinhlelo ezahlukene zezitho ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukuqonda inqubo yokuguga kanye nomphumela wayo ekusebenzeni kwezitho akubalulekile nje kuphela ekuphathweni kwezempilo komuntu ngamunye kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele zempilo yomphakathi ezibanzi ezihambisana nabantu asebekhulile.
Isisekelo Sezinto Eziphilayo Sokuguga
Ukuguga kubonakala ngokuncipha kancane kancane komsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwanda kokuthambekela ezifweni. Ibhayoloji yokuguga ihilela imibono nezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuqongelela komonakalo wamangqamuzana nama-molecule, izici zofuzo, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial, kanye nokufinyela kwama-telomere. Lezi zinto zinegalelo ekuwohlokeni okuqhubekayo kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba, ekugcineni zithinta ukusebenza kwazo.
Isistimu Yenhliziyo
Uhlelo lwenhliziyo, oluhlanganisa inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, luthinteka kakhulu ukuguga. Izinguquko zesakhiwo nokusebenza enhliziyweni zifaka phakathi ukwanda kobukhulu bodonga lwe-ventricular yesobunxele kanye nokuqina kwe-myocardial, okungaholela ekunciphiseni ukuphumula kwe-diastolic kanye nokwehla kokukhishwa kwenhliziyo. Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala ekulawulweni okuzenzakalelayo kwesilinganiso senhliziyo ziyandisa lezi zinkinga.
Imithambo yegazi nayo ibhekana nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ezihlobene nokuguga. Imithambo yegazi, ikakhulukazi imithambo emikhulu enwebekayo, iba lukhuni ngenxa yokuqongelela kwe-collagen ne-calcium kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-elastin. Lokhu kwandisa umthwalo womsebenzi enhliziyweni futhi kunegalelo ezimweni ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-atherosclerosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial kuphazamisa ikhono lemithambo yegazi lokukhula, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukugeleza kwegazi ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene.
Uhlelo Lokuphefumula
Ukuguga kuthinta uhlelo lokuphefumula ngokushintsha isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wamaphaphu kanye nemisipha yokuphefumula. Udonga lwesifuba luyaqina, futhi amandla emisipha yokuphefumula ayancipha. Izicubu zamaphaphu zilahlekelwa ukuqina kwazo, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuhambisana kwamaphaphu kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshana kwegesi. Lezi zinguquko zinegalelo ekunciphiseni amandla okuphila kanye nokwanda kwevolumu eseleyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuguga iphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwamasosha omzimba ohlelweni lokuphefumula, okwenza abantu abadala babe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngokuphefumula. Ukususwa kwamagciwane kanye nezinhlayiya emigwaqweni yomoya kuba nzima ngenxa yokuncipha kokusebenza kwe-ciliary kanye nokuba buthaka kwe-reflex yokukhwehlela.
Uhlelo Lwezinso
Izinso zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yoketshezi kanye ne-electrolyte, ukukhishwa koketshezi emzimbeni, kanye nokulawulwa komfutho wegazi. Ngokukhula, kuba nokwehla kokusebenza kwezinso okuphawulwa ukwehla kwezinga lokuhlunga kwe-glomerular (GFR) kanye nokugeleza kwegazi kwezinso. Izinguquko zesakhiwo zifaka phakathi i-glomerulosclerosis, i-tubular atrophy, kanye ne-interstitial fibrosis.
Lezi zinguquko ziholela ekwehleni kwamandla okugxilisa umchamo, ukukhipha imfucuza, nokugcina ibhalansi ye-electrolyte. Ngakho-ke abantu abadala bathambekele kakhulu ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, kanye nobuthi bemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lezinso lokuphendula ezingcindezini zomzimba, njengokushintsha komfutho wegazi, liyancishiswa, okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga zezinso.
System Musculoskeletal
Ukuguga kunomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lwemisipha, oluhlanganisa amathambo, imisipha, kanye namalunga. I-Osteoporosis, ebonakala ngokuncipha kwesisindo samathambo kanye nokwanda kobuthakathaka, yisimo esivamile esihlobene nokuguga esanda ingozi yokuqhekeka kwamathambo. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokungalingani phakathi kokumuncwa kwamathambo nokwakheka kwawo, okuthonywa izinguquko zamahomoni, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, kanye nokuncipha komsebenzi womzimba.
Imisipha kanye namandla kuyawa ngokuguga, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-sarcopenia. Lokhu kubangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ama-motor neurons, ukwehla kokwenziwa kwamaprotheni, kanye nokwehla kwamazinga ama-hormone e-anabolic. I-Sarcopenia iholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza komzimba, okwandisa ingozi yokuwa futhi kuphazamise ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Impilo yamalunga nayo iyawohloka njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Uqwanga luyancipha futhi lulahlekelwe amandla alo okumelana nomzimba, kanti ukukhiqizwa koketshezi lwe-synovial kuncipha, okuholela ezimweni ezifana ne-osteoarthritis. Lezi zinguquko zibangela ukuqina kwamalunga, ubuhlungu, kanye nokuncipha kokuhamba, okubangela ukwehla kokusebenza komzimba.
I-Digestive System
Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla olugugayo lubhekana nezinguquko ezithinta ukusebenza kwalo kanye nokusebenza kahle. Kukhona ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla kanye ne-asidi yesisu, okungaphazamisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba futhi kuholele ekusweleni. Ukuphuma kwesisu kanye nokuhamba kwamathumbu kuyehla, okwandisa ingozi yokuqunjelwa kanye nezinye izinkinga zesisu.
Isibindi, esibalulekile ekugayweni nasekukhishweni kobuthi emzimbeni, naso sibhekana nezinguquko ezihlobene nokuguga. Ukugeleza kwegazi kwesibindi kuyancipha, futhi amandla okuvuselela esibindi ayancipha, okuthinta ikhono laso lokugaya izidakamizwa nokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni ezintweni eziyingozi. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokusabela kabi kwezidakamizwa kanye nezifo zesibindi kubantu asebekhulile.
izivikeli mzimba
Umsebenzi wesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba uyawohloka ngokuguga, into ebizwa ngokuthi i-immunosenescence. Lokhu kuhilela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwamaseli omzimba, njengamaseli e-T namaseli e-B. Ukuncipha kokusabela kwamasosha omzimba kwenza abantu abadala bathambekele kakhulu ekuthelelekeni, ezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nomdlavuza.
Ukuqina kwamasosha omzimba kuthinta nekhono lomzimba lokuphendula emithini yokugoma, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli, okuphansi, okwaziwa ngokuthi “ukuvuvukala,” kungenye impawu yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esigugayo futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuguga, okuhlanganisa izifo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, kanye nezinkinga ze-neurodegenerative.
System Ngethukile
Uhlelo lwezinzwa olugugayo lubhekana nezinguquko eziningana zesakhiwo nokusebenza ezithinta imisebenzi yokuqonda kanye neye-motor. Kukhona ukulahleka kwama-neurons nama-synapses, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlotshaniswa nenkumbulo nokufunda, njenge-hippocampus kanye ne-prefrontal cortex. Lokhu kunegalelo ekwehleni kokuqonda okuhlobene nokuguga kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo eziwohlokayo ze-neurological ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Parkinson's.
Amazinga e-neurotransmitter kanye nokuzwela kwama-receptor kuyehla, okuthinta isimo sengqondo, ubuthongo, kanye nempilo yengqondo iyonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kokuhanjiswa kwezinzwa kanye nokwehla kokuxhumana kwemisipha nemizwa kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokusabela kanye nokulinganisela, okwandisa ingozi yokuwa kanye nokulimala okuhambisana nakho.
Uhlelo lwe-Endocrine
Uhlelo lwe-endocrine, olunesibopho sokukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwama-hormone, luphinde lubhekane nezinguquko ngokuguga. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-anabolic njenge-growth hormone kanye ne-testosterone kunciphisa, okufaka isandla ekulahlekelweni kwemisipha, ukwehla kokuqina kwamathambo, kanye nezinguquko ekwakhekeni komzimba.
Umsebenzi we-thyroid ungase wehle, kuthinte amazinga e-metabolism kanye namandla. Ukumelana ne-insulin kuyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula, okwandisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo se-metabolic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwe-cortisol, i-hormone yokucindezeleka, kungase kuphazamiseke, kuthinte ikhono lomzimba lokubhekana nokucindezeleka nokuvuvukala.
Isiphetho
Inqubo yokuguga inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezitho zomzimba, ithinta izinhlelo zenhliziyo, zokuphefumula, zezinso, zemisipha, zokugaya ukudla, zokuzivikela komzimba, zemizwa, kanye neze-endocrine. Nakuba lezi zinguquko zingenakugwenywa, ukuqonda izindlela ezingemuva kwazo kungasiza ekwakheni amasu okunciphisa imiphumela yazo. Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo, njengokuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo okuvimbelayo, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila futhi kunciphise umthwalo wezifo ezihlobene nokuguga.
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka nokuguga, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ucwaningo ngokuguga nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokusekela ukuguga okunempilo. Ngokubhekana nezinselele eziningi zokuguga, singathuthukisa impilo ende kanye nenhlalakahle, senza abantu abadala bakwazi ukuphila impilo esebenzayo neyanelisayo.
