Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenzisa Izinhlelo Zokuzulazula Zendabuko
Naphezu kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe njenge-GPS, amamephu edijithali, namakhampasi ahlakaniphile, amakhono okuzulazula endabuko asabalulekile. Izinhlelo zokuzulazula zendabuko ziyindlela yokunquma isiqondiso nendawo ngokusebenzisa izimpawu zemvelo, izidalwa zasezulwini, izimo zomhlaba, namathuluzi alula njengekhampasi yamagnetic namamephu ephepha. Lolu lwazi luwusizo lapho amabhethri ephela, isignali ilahleka, amadivayisi onakele, noma sizithola sisezindaweni ezikude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzulazula kwendabuko kukhuthaza nokuqwashisa ngemvelo futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha ngenkathi sihamba, ikakhulukazi kubaqwali bezintaba, amatilosi, abahloli bamazwe, nanoma ubani ovame ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphandle.
1. Qonda Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokuzulazula
Ukuzulazula empeleni kuphendula imibuzo emithathu: ukuthi sikuphi, siyaphi, nokuthi singafika kanjani lapho. Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, sidinga izinkomba eziqondisa indawo (enyakatho–eningizimu–empumalanga–entshonalanga), amathuluzi okulinganisa nokuhlola indawo yethu, kanye nekhono lokufunda indawo esizungezile.
Ukuzulazula kwendabuko kuvame ukuncika ekuhlanganisweni kwezindlela, njengoba indlela eyodwa kuphela inganele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, isimo sezulu esinamafu singasibekela ilanga nezinkanyezi, noma indawo enamahlathi aminyene ingenza kube nzima ukubona izindawo ezikude. Ngakho-ke, isihluthulelo sokuzulazula kwendabuko "ukuqinisekisa okuphambene": ukufanisa isiqondiso sekhampasi nemephu, bese uyiqinisekisa futhi usebenzisa izici zemvelo.
2. Ukusebenzisa ikhampasi Enemagnethi
Ikhampasi iyithuluzi elilula kodwa elisebenza kahle kakhulu. Inaliti yekhampasi ikhomba enyakatho emagnetic, hhayi enyakatho yangempela. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ubizwa ngokuthi i-declination. Kwezinye izindawo, i-declination ingaba nkulu ngokwanele ukuthi ithinte ukunemba kwesiqondiso. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa imephu ye-topographic equkethe ulwazi lwe-declination, funda ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani.
Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa ikhampasi:
1. Bamba ikhampasi iqonde ukuze inaliti ikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka.
2. Jikelezisa umzimba kuze kube yilapho inaliti ebomvu ihambisana nophawu oluthi “N” (enyakatho) ekhampasini.
3. Indlela obheke ngayo ikhombisa i-azimuth noma indlela oya kuyo.
Ukuze uzulazule ensimini, unganquma ukuthi ibhereyitha ibheke kuphi (isiqondiso se-angle):
– Khomba izintambo zekhampasi entweni eqondiwe (isb. isiqongo sentaba noma isihlahla esikhulu).
– Funda inombolo yedigri esikalini sekhampasi.
– Gcina inombolo, bese uhamba ngenkathi ugcina inaliti iqonde enyakatho endlini yekhampasi.
Icebiso elibalulekile: gcina ikhampasi kude nezinto ezinkulu zensimbi, izintambo zikagesi, noma amadivayisi kagesi angaphazamisa insimu yamagnetic.
3. Amamephu Ephepha Okufunda kanye Namamephu Ezindawo
Amamephu ephepha angumngane omkhulu wesistimu yokuzulazula yendabuko. Amamephu e-topographic abonisa imingcele yokuphakama, imifula, imizila, izigodi, kanye nezintaba. Ukuqonda imingcele kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe umzila ophephile nosebenzayo.
Izinto okufanele uziqonde:
– Isikali semephu: Isibonelo, u-1:25.000 usho u-1 cm ebalazweni = 250 m phansi.
– Imigqa ye-contour: Uma imigqa isondela, indawo iba lukhuni kakhulu.
– Izimpawu zemephu: Imigwaqo, imifula, amabhuloho, amahlathi, izindawo zokuhlala, njalo njalo.
Izindlela ezisebenzayo:
1. Qondisa imephu ngekhampasi: jikelezisa imephu kuze kube yilapho inyakatho ebalazweni iqondaniswa nenyakatho ekhampasini.
2. Nquma indawo yakho ngokubheka izici zomhlaba ezibonakala kalula, njengezindawo ezihlangana imifula, iziqongo, noma amajika emgwaqweni.
3. Hlela indlela yakho ucabanga ngemigqa eqondile: gwema ukukhuphuka ngokweqile uma kungadingeki, bese ubheka imigwaqo yamanzi noma imimango “njengeziqondiso zemvelo”.
4. Ukuzulazula Kusetshenziswa Ilanga
Ilanga lingaba inkomba ethembekile yesiqondiso. Ngokuvamile:
– Ilanga liphuma empumalanga lishone entshonalanga.
– Emini, indawo yalo isengxenyeni yesibhakabhaka ehlobene nohlangothi olusenyakatho noma oluseningizimu kuye ngendawo (eningizimu yezwe, ilanga livame ukuba senyakatho; enyakatho yezwe, livame ukuba seningizimu).
Indlela elula:
– Ekuseni, indlela ithunzi elide eliqondiswe ngayo ivame ukukhomba entshonalanga (ngoba ilanga lisempumalanga).
– Ntambama, izithunzi ziyanwebeka zibheke empumalanga (ngoba ilanga lisentshonalanga).
Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela "yewashi le-analog": khomba isandla sehora elangeni, bese uthola indawo ephakathi kwesandla sehora nehora le-12 ukuze ulinganisele enyakatho/eningizimu (le ndlela iyindlela yokulinganisa, ayinembile kakhulu, futhi idinga ukulungiswa kwezindawo zesikhathi nezinkathi).
5. Ukuzulazula Kusetshenziswa Izinkanyezi (Izinkanyezi)
Ebusuku, izinkanyezi zingakusiza ukuthi uzulazule. ENyakatho Yenkabazwe, iPolaris (iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho) icishe iqondane nenyakatho yangempela. Ngokuvamile itholakala ngokusebenzisa izinkanyezi i-Ursa Major (iBig Dipper): izinkanyezi ezimbili "ezikhombayo" esitsheni seBig Dipper zikhomba iPolaris.
ENingizimu Yenkabazwe, ayikho inkanyezi ngaphezu kweSouth Pole ngqo, kodwa i-constellation Crux (Southern Cross) ingasiza ekulinganiseni eningizimu. Ngokwandisa umugqa oyinhloko weSouthern Cross kanye "nokwehlisa" isilinganiso emkhathizwe, ungakwazi ukunquma cishe eningizimu.
Izindlela ezisekelwe ezinkanyezini zidinga isibhakabhaka esicacile kanye nokungcola okuncane kokukhanya, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni zangaphandle noma zasolwandle.
6. Ukufunda Izimpawu Zemvelo
Ngaphandle kwesibhakabhaka, imvelo inikeza nezinkomba zokukhomba indawo. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha, njengoba ukuthembela kuphela ophawini olulodwa kungakhohlisa.
Ezinye izimpawu ezivame ukufundiswa:
– Ukhula ezihlahleni/emadwaleni: luvame ukukhula kakhulu ohlangothini olumanzi, olungavezwa kakhulu yilanga. Kwezinye izindawo, lungase luthande uhlangothi oluthile (isb., uhlangothi oluseningizimu enyakatho yezwe), kodwa lokhu akuvamile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
– Indlela yokugeleza kwemifula: imifula ivame ukugeleza isuka ezindaweni eziphakeme iye ezindaweni eziphansi futhi ivame ukubhekisa ezigodini noma ezindaweni zokuhlala.
– Imimoya enamandla kanye nezitshalo kwakheka: ezindaweni ezithile, izihlahla zingakhula zigobe ngenxa yemimoya evame ukuvunguza isuka ohlangothini olulodwa.
Isimiso: sebenzisa izimpawu zemvelo njengezinkomba, bese uqinisekisa ngemephu noma ikhampasi uma kungenzeka.
7. Indlela Yokunquma Unxantathu Yokunquma Indawo
Ukulinganisa unxantathu kuyindlela ebalulekile uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ukuphi kumephu. Nansi indlela:
1. Khetha izindawo ezimbili noma ezintathu ezibonakala kahle (iziqongo, imibhoshongo, amajika emifula).
2. Thatha ama-bearings ukusuka endaweni yakho uye endaweni ngayinye usebenzisa ikhampasi.
3. Dlulisa ibhereyitha kumephu (ngokuvamile ngokudweba umugqa wokubuya/ibhereyitha yokubuya).
4. Iphuzu lapho imigqa ihlangana khona libonisa indawo yakho ecishe ibe yiyo.
Uma izimpawu zendawo zicacile futhi izilinganiso zamabhere zingcono, kulapho uzothola indawo enembile khona.
8. Gcina Ukunemba Lapho Uhamba (Ijubane Nezindawo Zokuhlola)
Ohambweni olude, iphutha elincane lingakuphambukisa endleleni. Imikhuba emibili ewusizo:
– Ukuhamba Ngejubane: Ukubala izinyathelo ukuze ulinganise ibanga. Ungaqala ngokukala izinyathelo zakho ngamamitha ayi-100, bese usebenzisa leyo nombolo njengesilinganiso.
– Izindawo zokuhlola: Dala izindawo zokuhlola endleleni (isb., “Ngemva kwamamitha angu-500, kufanele ufike emfuleni omncane”). Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni amaphutha ngokushesha.
Uma ufika endaweni engahambisani nemephu, yima bese uhlola. Ungaqhubeki nokuhamba, ucabanga ukuthi uzoyithola kamuva.
9. Ukuziphatha Nokuphepha Ekuhambeni Kwendlela Kwendabuko
Ukuzulazula akukhona nje kuphela mayelana nesiqondiso, kumayelana nokuphepha. Njalo:
– Tshela abanye ngohlelo lwakho lomzila kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokubuya.
– Letha imishini eyisisekelo: ikhampasi, imephu, ikhwela, ithoshi, ijakhethi yemvula, kanye nokudla/iziphuzo ezisele.
- Qonda imikhawulo yamakhono akho kanye izimo zezulu.
– Uma ulahleka, sebenzisa lesi simiso: yima, cabanga, qaphela, hlela.
I-Penutup
Ukuzulazula kwendabuko kuyikhono elakha ukuzimela nokuzethemba ngaphandle. Ngokuhlanganisa ikhampasi, imephu yephepha, ukuqonda ilanga nezinkanyezi, kanye nekhono lokufunda izimpawu zemvelo, ungakwazi ukunquma isiqondiso sakho nendawo yakho ngaphandle kokuthembela kubuchwepheshe besimanje. Lapho uzijwayeza kakhulu, kulapho imizwa yakho yokuqondisa izoba bukhali khona. Yenza ukuzulazula kwendabuko kube umkhuba: qala ngohambo olulula, bese uthuthukela emizileni eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ekugcineni, leli khono ngeke likuqondise kuphela lapho uya khona kodwa futhi lizokugcina uphephile noma ngabe ukuphi.
