Amasu Okuhamba Ngomkhumbi Ezimweni Zezulu Ezimbi
Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kuwumsebenzi othonywa kakhulu yizinto zemvelo. Imimoya enamandla, amagagasi aphezulu, imvula enamandla, inkungu, ngisho nezivunguvungu zingashintsha izimo zolwandle ngemizuzu embalwa. Ngakho-ke, ikhono lokuphatha ubungozi nokusebenzisa amasu okugibela ngomkhumbi afanele esimweni sezulu esibi kuyikhono elibalulekile kuwo wonke amatilosi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asezikebheni zokuhweba, emikhunjini yokudoba, noma emikhunjini yokuzijabulisa. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezimiso, ukulungiselela, kanye namasu okugibela ngomkhumbi okuphephile nokuphumelelayo lapho ubhekene nesimo sezulu esibi olwandle.
Ukuqonda Isimo Sezulu Esibi Nezingozi Zaso
Isimo sezulu esibi olwandle asisho njalo isiphepho esikhulu. Izimo ezingahlukaniswa njengesimo sezulu esibi zifaka phakathi isivinini somoya esikhuphuka ngaphezu kwejwayelekile, amagagasi aqinile futhi angajwayelekile, imisinga enamandla, ukubonakala okunciphile ngenxa yenkungu noma imvula, kanye nomsebenzi kagesi womoya (umbani). Imiphumela esheshayo ifaka phakathi ukulawulwa komkhumbi okunciphile, amathuba okwanda komonakalo wesakhiwo, ingozi yokushintshana kwempahla, ukukhathala kwabasebenzi, kanye nekhono lokunciphisa ukuhamba ngenxa yokubonakala okulinganiselwe.
Enye yezingozi ezinkulu ukuhlanganiswa komoya namagagasi avela ohlangothini oluthile, okubangela ukuba umkhumbi ushayeke emagagasini, ubambe amanzi kusukela ekhanda noma ngemuva (amanzi aluhlaza), futhi uze ubeke engcupheni yokufakwa ohlwini ngokweqile, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukuzinza. Emikhunjini emincane, ingozi inkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamandla enjini, usayizi wesikebhe, kanye nekhono lokuthwala amagagasi.
Ukuhlela Ngaphambi Kokuhamba Ngomkhumbi (Umzila Wesimo Sezulu)
Amasu okuhamba ngokuphepha esimweni sezulu esibi aqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi usuke echwebeni. Ukuhlela umzila osekelwe esimweni sezulu (umzila wesimo sezulu) kugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezibikezelo zesimo sezulu nezolwandle ukuze kukhethwe indlela enciphisa ukuchayeka ezivunguvungwini, amagagasi aphezulu, kanye nemisinga eyingozi. Isikhulu kanye nesikhulu sokuqondisa kufanele bahlole:
1. Ukubikezela komoya namagagasi okungenani amahora angama-24-72 kusengaphambili.
2. Imephu yokucindezela komoya ukuze ubone ukunyakaza kwesiphepho noma izinhlelo zesiphepho.
3. Izexwayiso zokuzulazula kanye nolwazi oluvela ku-BMKG noma izinsizakalo zesimo sezulu sendawo.
4. Izimo zolwandle kanye nezimo zamanje, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezincane, emifuleni kanye nasemanzini angajulile.
Uma izinkomba zesimo sezulu zikhomba izimo eziyingozi, inketho engcono kakhulu ivame ukuhlehlisa ukuhamba. Lesi sinqumo asisona ubuthakathaka, kodwa siyingxenye yokuphathwa kwezingozi zobungcweti.
Ukulungiselela Umkhumbi kanye Nabasebenzi
Uma isimo sezulu esibi kunzima ukusigwema, ukulungiselela kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhumbi uyakwazi “ukusinda” kulezi zimo.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokwenzeka Nokusebenza Kwemishini
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuqondisa, injini, iphampu ye-bilge, imishini yokuxhumana, i-radar, i-AIS, i-GPS, kanye nezibani zokuzulazula zisebenza kahle. Hlola iminyango engangeni manzi, ama-vent, ama-hatch, kanye nezingidi ukuze uvimbele ukungena kwamanzi. Imishini yokuphepha efana nama-life jacket, ama-life raft, ama-EPIRB, kanye nama-beacon kumele futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa.
2. Ukuhlelwa Komthwalo Nokuzinza
Impahla engavikelekile kahle ingagudluka ngenxa yokunyakaza okunamandla komkhumbi. Ukuthutha imithwalo kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokulahlekelwa ukuzinza esimweni sezulu esibi. Ngakho-ke, faka izibambo ezengeziwe, hlola izindawo zokubopha, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo akwenzi umkhumbi ube nzima kakhulu. Emikhumbini yabagibeli, qiniseka ukuthi abagibeli bahleli ngokwezinqubo zokuphepha futhi banciphise ukufinyelela emadekini avulekile.
3. Iphethini Yokwazisa Abasebenzi Neyokubukela
Isimo sezulu esibi sandisa umthwalo womsebenzi kanye nokucindezeleka. Ukaputeni kufanele anikeze ulwazi olufushane: uhlelo lomzila, isibikezelo sezulu, ukwabiwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Sebenzisa isimiso sokuqapha esigcina abasebenzi bephilile, njengoba izinqumo zokuhamba zidinga amazinga aphezulu okugxilisa ingqondo.
Amasu Okuzulazula Nokuqondisa Esimweni Sezulu Esibi
1. Ukulungisa Indlela Yamagagasi
Isimiso esibalulekile ukugwema izindawo ezenza umkhumbi uthambekele ekugingqikeni noma ekunyakazeni ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile:
– Ukubhekana namagagasi asuka ngaphambili (ekhanda lolwandle) kunganciphisa ingozi yokugumbuqeka, kodwa kwandisa ukushaqeka nokucindezela entanyeni. Kudingeka ukunciphisa ijubane.
– Amagagasi avela ohlangothini (ulwandle olunemisebe) avame ukuba yizimo ezingakhululeki futhi eziyingozi kakhulu ngoba andisa ukugingqika kanye nengozi yokushintsha komthwalo.
– Amagagasi avela ngemuva (alandela ulwandle) angasheshisa umkhumbi ngokungalawuleki futhi abangele ukujikijelana (umkhumbi uphenduka ngokuzumayo bese utsheka kakhulu).
Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukuthatha indlela eqondile uye ohlangothini lwamagagasi (ulwandle olugoqana) nge-engeli ephephile, ngenkathi ulungisa ijubane ukuze umkhumbi ungagijimisi i-wave crest.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwesivinini
Isivinini esikhulu emagagasini aphezulu sandisa ingozi yokushayisana okukhulu kwe-shell kanye nokungena kwamanzi edekini. Kodwa-ke, isivinini esiphansi kakhulu singabangela nokuthi umkhumbi ulahlekelwe ikhono lokuqondisa futhi ube sengozini enkulu yokujikiswa amagagasi. Ngakho-ke, ukaputeni kumele agcine isivinini esiphephile: esanele ukugcina ukulawula kokuqondisa, kodwa esanele ukubangela ukushaqeka.
Kweminye imikhumbi, ukuqala injini kancane kancane (hhayi ngokuzumayo) kusiza ukuvimbela izinguquko ezinkulu zokusika. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi isivinini senjini sihlangabezana nezincomo zomenzi zokusebenza kanzima.
3. Amasu “Okuphakamisayo” kanye “Nokuqamba Amanga” (Umqondo Ojwayelekile)
Emikhumbini ehamba ngomkhumbi noma ezikebheni ezithile ezincane, kukhona indlela ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuthwala umthwalo," ehilela ukubamba isikhundla maqondana nomoya namagagasi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza, kuncishiswe isivinini, futhi kuvunyelwe abasebenzi ukuthi baphumule. Okwamanje, "ukulala phansi," okuvumela umkhumbi ukuthi uzulazule ngokulawula okuncane, ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa emikhunjini eminingi yesimanje ngenxa yengozi yokubeka umkhumbi endaweni engeyinhle uma kuqhathaniswa namagagasi. Empeleni, amasu okugcina isisindo kumele alungiselelwe uhlobo lomkhumbi, amandla enjini, kanye nokuhleleka okutholakalayo.
4. Gwema Amanzi Angajulile
Amagagasi emanzini angajulile avame ukuba makhulu futhi aphuke, okwenza abe yingozi kakhulu emikhunjini emincane nemikhulu. Ngesikhathi sezulu esibi, imizila kufanele igweme izindawo ezingajulile, amatshe angaphansi komhlaba, namanzi amancane aphoqa imikhumbi ukuthi ihambe eduze kwezingozi zokuhamba.
5. Ukuzulazula Ngokungabonakali Okuphansi
Inkungu nemvula enkulu kunciphisa ukubonakala kweminye imikhumbi, ama-beacon, noma ugu lolwandle. Sebenzisa izimiso zokuhamba ngokuphepha:
– Sebenzisa i-radar bese ulungisa isikali/isihlungi (imfucuza yolwandle, imfucuza yemvula) ngokwezimo.
– Nika amandla futhi uqaphe i-AIS, kodwa ungathembeli kuyo ngokuphelele ngoba akuzona zonke izikebhe ezithumela idatha ye-AIS ngendlela efanele.
- Nciphisa isivinini futhi wandise ukubuka okubonakalayo nokuzwa.
– Imisindo yesignali yenkungu ngokwemigomo (i-COLREG).
– Qinisekisa ukuthi imizila yokuthumela eshadini le-elekthronikhi kanye neshadi lephepha (uma likhona) iqinisekisiwe.
Ukuxhumana, Izinqumo, kanye Nokuphathwa Kwengozi
Uma isimo sezulu siba sibi kakhulu, ukuxhumana kubalulekile ukuze kuphephe. Bika izimo kuziphathimandla zendawo uma kudingeka, gcina ukuxhumana ngomsakazo, futhi ulungiselele imiyalezo ephuthumayo. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu ikhono likakaputeni lokwenza izinqumo: ukuthi aqhubeke, ashintshe indlela, afune indawo yokukhosela, noma abuyele echwebeni.
Ukufuna indawo yokukhosela kungenziwa echwebeni noma emanzini avikelekile, kodwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ukujula, indawo yokujika komkhumbi, ingozi yokuma phansi, kanye nesiqondiso somoya. Ukubambelela esimweni sezulu esibi kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela: sebenzisa i-anchor efanele, qaphela ubude beketanga, futhi ube nenjini elungele ukuhamba ngokushesha uma i-anchor idonsa.
Impendulo Ephuthumayo
Isimo sezulu esibi singabangela izimo eziphuthumayo njengokungena kwamanzi, ukwehluleka kwesiteringi, ukucima kukagesi, noma ukulimala kwabasebenzi. Ezinye izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zifaka:
1. Ukulawula ukuvuza: vala indlela yokufinyelela amanzi, vula iphampu yokudonsa amanzi, bese ulungisa i-patch ephuthumayo.
2. Gcina uzinzo: gwema ukudluliselwa kwempahla ngokungahleliwe, hlola i-ballast uma ikhona, bese unciphisa ukugingqika ngokulungisa indlela.
3. Usizo lokuqala: qiniseka ukuthi imishini yezokwelapha itholakala kalula, futhi welaphe ukulimala okubangelwa ukuwa noma ukushayisana.
4. Lungisa izimpawu eziphuthumayo: izinqubo ze-EPIRB, i-beacon, i-SART, kanye ne-MAYDAY uma kudingeka.
Ukuzijwayeza njalo (ukuziqeqesha) ngaphambi kokuhamba ngomkhumbi kuzosiza kakhulu ngoba esimweni sezulu esibi, isikhathi sokusabela sifushane futhi amaphutha angenzeka kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Amasu okuhamba ngomkhumbi ezimweni zezulu ezimbi awagcini nje ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, ukulungiselela imikhumbi nabasebenzi, kanye nokuqondisa okunembile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza nokulawula. Ukuqondisa ukuya emagagasini, ukuphathwa kwesivinini, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi endaweni engabonakali kahle, kanye nokunquma ukuthi uzofuna nini indawo yokukhosela konke kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokuphepha. Ekugcineni, ukuphepha kumele kube yinto eza kuqala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukulibazisa uhambo noma ukushintsha indlela ukuze ugweme izingozi ezinkulu ngokuvamile kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile kakhulu emhlabeni wokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe sezobuchwepheshe kakhulu (isib. ngama-cadet asemanzini) noma sithandwe kakhulu ngabafundi abavamile, kanye nokufaka izingxenye ezithile ngokohlobo lomkhumbi (umthengisi, umkhumbi wokudoba, umkhumbi wokuhamba, noma isikebhe esisheshayo).
