Ubunjiniyela Bensimbi Ekukhiqizeni Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Kulesi sikhathi sanamuhla, intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe idlale indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Omunye umkhakha onegalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha ubunjiniyela bensimbi. Ubunjiniyela bensimbi yisayensi nobuchwepheshe obufunda inqubo yokukhipha izinsimbi ematsheni azo bese ziguqulwa zibe izinto nezinto ezinezici ezifiselekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bensimbi ekwakhiweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha kuholele ekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha ezibe nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wezempilo nezokwelapha.
Izinto Zensimbi Kumadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Izinto zensimbi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo. Izibonelo zifaka insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-cobalt-chromium, kanye ne-nickel-titanium noma i-nitinol. Ngayinye yalezi zinsimbi inezakhiwo ezihlukile ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zezokwelapha.
1. Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali iyinto evamile esetshenziswa ezintweni zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, njengezinsika zokusika, izikhonkwane zokuhlinzwa, kanye namadivayisi amathambo. Izinzuzo zensimbi engagqwali zifaka phakathi amandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Lezi yizimfanelo ezibalulekile uma kubhekwa indawo egqwali yomzimba womuntu ngenxa yokuba khona koketshezi oluhlukahlukene lwezinto eziphilayo.
2. I-Titanium
I-Titanium iyinsimbi elula, eqinile, futhi ehambisana ne-bio, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokufakelwa emzimbeni womuntu, njengezihlanganisi zokwenziwa, amapuleti ethambo, kanye nokufakelwa kwamazinyo. I-Titanium ayibangeli ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba futhi yamukelwa kahle ngumzimba, okunciphisa ingozi yokwenqatshwa amasosha omzimba.
3. I-Cobalt-Chromium
Ama-alloy e-cobalt-chrome aziwa ngokuqina kwawo okungavamile, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Lawa ma-alloy avame ukusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamadivayisi amathambo namazinyo, njengemijovo yokwenziwa yamadolo nezinqe.
4. I-Nickel-Titanium (i-Nitinol)
Ama-alloy e-Nitinol abonisa izakhiwo zenkumbulo ezi-superelastic kanye nezakhiwo zememori, okusho ukuthi angabuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala ngemva kokuguquka. Lokhu kwenza i-Nitinol ibe yindawo ekahle yokusetshenziswa njengezibambo kanye nama-stents (amashubhu amancane afakwa emithanjeni yegazi noma kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza kwegazi okufanele).
Izinqubo Zensimbi Ekukhiqizweni Kwamadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Amasu okusebenzisa insimbi ekukhiqizeni amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahilela izinqubo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekukhipheni kuya ekwakhekeni nasekuqedeni. Ngezansi kunezinye zezindlela ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa insimbi kanye nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amadivayisi ezokwelapha asezingeni eliphezulu.
1. Ukucwenga Nokuphonsa
Inqubo yokuqala ihilela ukucwenga insimbi kusuka ku-ore yayo, kulandelwe ukuphonswa ukuze kukhiqizwe isimo sayo sokuqala esiluhlaza. Inqubo yokuphonswa ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziyisisekelo ziqukethe ukungcola okuncane noma amaphutha ngangokunokwenzeka angathinta ukusebenza kokugcina kwedivayisi yezokwelapha. Amasu okuphonswa nge-vacuum avame ukusetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa amagesi afana nomoya-mpilo kanye ne-nitrogen.
2. Ukugaya Nokwakha
Ngemva kokuphonswa, insimbi eluhlaza ibe isidlula enkambisweni yokugaya nokwakha ngomshini ukuze kufezwe ukuma nosayizi ofiselekayo. Le nqubo ingabandakanya amasu anjengokubumba, ukukhipha, nokugoqa okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezinobukhulu obuphezulu.
3. Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini ezifana namandla, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokukhathala. Amasu okwelapha ngokushisa njengokufaka, ukucima, kanye nokushisa asetshenziselwa ukuguqula isakhiwo sezinsimbi, okwenza ngcono izakhiwo ezidingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha.
4. Indlela Yokwenza Izinto Ezingaphezulu
Izinqubo ze-Metallurgical nazo zihilela ukwelashwa kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zinqubo zifaka phakathi amasu anjengokucwebezela, ukugcotshwa kwe-anodizing, kanye nokufakelwa kwe-ion. Isibonelo, i-chrome noma i-titanium oxide coating ingasetshenziswa ezifakelweni zensimbi ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana nokugqwala futhi kuncishiswe amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi.
5. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo yokugcina ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile zekhwalithi kanye nokuphepha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka phakathi amandla okudonseka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uphephile ukusetshenziswa emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha kanye Nezindlela Zobuchwepheshe Bensimbi Kumadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Ubuchwepheshe be-Metallurgical buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka okukhulu, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha okuhloswe ngakho ukudala amadivayisi ezokwelapha asebenza kahle, aphephile, futhi asebenzayo. Ezinye izitayela zesimanje zobuchwepheshe be-metallurgical zokwelapha zifaka:
1. Izinto Ezithuthukisiwe Ze-Bio
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha eziphilayo kuyaqhubeka ukudala izinto ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, i-alloy esekelwe ku-magnesium engazincibilikisa emzimbeni iyathuthukiswa njengendlela ehlukile kunezifakelo ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe.
2. I-Nano-metallurgy
Ubuchwepheshe be-nanometallurgy buvula ithuba lokuklama izinto ezakhiwe ngendlela encane ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezivamile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlayiya zensimbi ezincane kumadivayisi ezokwelapha kunikeza izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene, njengokuqina okukhulu nokuqina, kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane, ezibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.
3. Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe (Ukuphrinta kwe-3D)
Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, noma ukuphrinta kwe-3D, kushintshe inqubo yokukhiqiza amadivayisi ezokwelapha ngokwenza kube lula ukuklama nokukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo nokunembile. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukudalwa kwezingxenye zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezilungiselelwe izidingo zesiguli, njengezitho zamathambo ezilungiselelwe izimo ezithile zomzimba.
Isiphetho
Ubunjiniyela bensimbi budlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha esimanje. Njengoba ikwazi ukucubungula nokusebenzisa izinto zensimbi, imboni yezokwelapha ingakhiqiza amadivayisi angagcini nje ngokuba aqinile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi aphephile futhi asebenza kahle ukuze asetshenziswe ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezokwelapha. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo kulo mkhakha kuzoqhubeka nokuletha impumelelo entsha ethembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lezokwelapha kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
