# Inqubo Yokwenza Insimbi Nge-Iron Ore
Insimbi ingenye yezinsimbi ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini yanamuhla. Amandla ayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwenza kube ukukhetha okuyinhloko kwezicelo eziningi, kusukela ekwakheni izakhiwo kuya ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba insimbi isetshenziswe, kumele idlule ochungechungeni lwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlelekile, kuqala ngensimbi. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngenqubo yokwenza insimbi ngensimbi, sihlanganise izigaba zokumba, ukucubungula, kanye nokwenza insimbi kokugcina.
## Ukumbiwa Kwensimbi
### Indawo kanye nokumbiwa kwemigodi
Ukumbiwa kwensimbi kuqala ezindaweni zezimayini ezinezinga eliphezulu lensimbi. Imithombo yensimbi ngokuvamile itholakala ngesimo sama-oxide, ama-sulfide, noma ama-carbonate, kanti i-hematite (Fe₂O₃) kanye ne-magnetite (Fe₃O₄) ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ezicutshungulwa zibe yinsimbi. Inqubo yokumba ngokuvamile ihilela ukukhipha insimbi ezimayini ezivulekile noma ezingaphansi komhlaba.
1. Ukumba: Izinto eziqukethe i-ore zisuswa endaweni yokumba kusetshenziswa imishini esindayo njengemishini yokumba noma ama-bulldozer.
2. Ezokuthutha: I-ore ekhishwe ithuthwa iyiswe esitshalweni sokucubungula kusetshenziswa amaloli noma izitimela.
## Ukucutshungulwa Kwensimbi
### Ukubhujiswa Nokuhlukaniswa
Isinyathelo sokuqala ngemva kokumba ukuchoboza insimbi. Amatshe amakhulu achobozwa abe yizicucu ezincane ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
1. Ukuchoboza Okuyinhloko: Imishini emikhulu yokuchoboza i-ore ibe ngamasayizi amancane.
2. Ukuchotshozwa Kwesibili: Itshe elichotshoziwe liyachotshozwa ukuze kufinyelelwe usayizi ofiselekayo.
Ngemva kokuchoboza, i-iron ore ihlukaniswa nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ngezinqubo ezifana nalezi:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamagnetic: Ukusebenzisa insimu yamagnetic ukuheha izinhlayiya zensimbi engxubeni engeyona eyensimbi.
2. Ukuntanta: Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukuhlukanisa insimbi kwezinye izinto ezingcolile zamaminerali.
### Ukuhlanzwa
Izinqubo ezengeziwe zokucwenga zihlose ukususa ukungcola ensimbini. Nazi izinyathelo kule nqubo:
1. Ukuthosa: Ukushisa i-ore emoyeni oshisayo. Le nqubo iguqula ama-sulfide abe ama-oxide futhi isuse iningi lokungcola ngesimo segesi.
2. Ukunciphisa: Ukunciphisa i-iron oxide ibe yi-crude iron kusetshenziswa i-reducing agent efana ne-carbon monoxide noma i-hydrogen. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa esithandweni somlilo.
### Isithando Somlilo Esiqhumayo
Isithando somlilo siwumgogodla wenqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi. Ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo, kuphakelwa i-iron ore, i-coke (ikhabhoni), kanye ne-limestone (i-calcium carbonate).
1. Ukuxhumeka Kokuphakelayo: I-iron ore, i-coke, kanye ne-limestone kufakwa esithandweni sokuqhuma kusuka phezulu.
2. Ukushisa Nokusabela: Umoya oshisayo uvunguzwa usuka phansi kwesithando somlilo ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa lifike ku-1500-2000°C. I-Coke isebenza njenge-fuel kanye ne-reduction agent enciphisa i-iron oxide ekuncibilikeni kwe-iron.
– Ukusabela okuvamile: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO₂ → 2Fe + 3CO₂
3. Ukususwa Kwensimbi Encibilikisiwe Neyenziwe Ngobumba: Insimbi equkethe ukungcola okungeyona eyensimbi ikhuphukela phezulu bese isuswa, kuyilapho insimbi encibilikisiwe igeleza phansi bese iqoqwa.
## Inqubo Yokuguqula Ibe Yinsimbi
Uma insimbi yengulube isitholiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuyiguqula ibe yinsimbi. Le nqubo ihilela ukususa ukungcola okwengeziwe nokuyixuba nezinye izinto ukuze kufezwe izimfanelo ezifiselekayo.
### Inqubo Yokuguqulwa Kwensimbi
Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswa ekuguquleni insimbi ibe yinsimbi, njenge:
1. Isithando Somoya-mpilo Esiyisisekelo (BOF):
– Insimbi encibilikisiwe ixutshwa nenani elincane lensimbi elahliwe bese ifakwa ku-BOF converter.
– Umoya we-oxygen omsulwa upheshulwa ungene ku-converter, okuvumela ukushiswa okusheshayo kokungcola okufana ne-carbon, i-silicon, i-manganese ne-phosphorus.
– Ukusabela kwe-exothermic okwenzekayo kwandisa izinga lokushisa futhi kuhlanze insimbi ibe yinsimbi ewuketshezi.
2. Isithando Somlilo Se-Electric Arc (EAF):
– Isetshenziswa kakhulu ensimbini ephinde yasetshenziswa. Insimbi eqoshiwe ifakwa esithandweni bese ishiswa kusetshenziswa ama-electrode e-graphite nge-arc kagesi.
– Amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela ukuthi insimbi elahliwe incibilike futhi ivumele ukungcola ukuthi kuncibilike futhi kususwe.
## Ukucwenga Nokuphonsa
Uma insimbi ewuketshezi isitholakele, inqubo yokucwenga iyaqhubeka nokulungisa ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi.
1. Ukuhlanganisa: Ukwengezwa kwezinto ezihlanganisa insimbi njenge-chromium, i-nickel, ne-molybdenum ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezithile zensimbi, njengokumelana nokugqwala noma amandla okunamathela.
2. Ukususa igesi: Inqubo yokususa amagesi ancibilikisiwe ensimbini encibilikisiwe ukuvimbela ubuthakathaka besakhiwo.
3. Ukubumba Okuqhubekayo: Insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa esikhumbeni sokubumba okuqhubekayo, lapho iphola khona futhi iqine ibe yi-slab noma ibha ende.
## Ukuqeda Nokubumba
Imikhiqizo yensimbi eqediwe kancane eyenziwe ngokuphonswa okuqhubekayo isadinga izinqubo zokuqeda ukuze ithuthukise ikhwalithi yayo kanye nesimo sayo sokugcina. Le nqubo ihlanganisa:
1. Ukugoqa Okushisayo: I-slab noma i-bar iyashiswa futhi icutshungulwe ngama-roller emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kufezwe ukuma nosayizi ofiselekayo.
2. Ukugoqa Okubandayo: Inqubo yokusebenza okubandayo yokwandisa amandla kanye nokuphela kobuso bensimbi.
3. Ukwelashwa Kokushisa: Isigaba sokugcina esihilela ukushisa nokupholisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo ezifunwayo zemishini, njengokuqina noma ukuqina.
## Isiphetho
Inqubo yokwenza insimbi ngensimbi iyinqubo ende ehilela izigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ekumbeni, ekucubunguleni, ekucwengisiseni, ekuguquleni nasekuqedeni. Isigaba ngasinye sidinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wensimbi ophumayo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezidingekayo. Ngale nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi nehlelekile, insimbi esetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni ingakhiqizwa kahle futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zesimanje ezishintshayo.
