Izinhlobo Zezinsimbi Ezingagqwali Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo
I-Pendahuluan
Insimbi iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni ngenxa yamandla ayo nokuqina kwayo. Kodwa-ke, izinsimbi eziningi zingase zigqwale noma zigqwale uma zivezwa emoyeni nasemswakeni. Ukugqwala kuwumkhiqizo we-oxidation ongenza buthaka isakhiwo sensimbi, kubangele umonakalo kanye nokwehluleka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali kubalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi ezingagqwali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Izinhlobo Zensimbi Engagqwali
1. Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ingenye yezinsimbi ezimelana nokugqwala ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Iyingxube yensimbi equkethe okungenani i-10,5% chromium, enikeza ukumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zensimbi engagqwali, okuhlanganisa i-austenitic, i-ferritic, i-martensitic, kanye ne-duplex, ngayinye inokusetshenziswa okukhethekile ngokusekelwe ezicini zayo zemishini.
Sebenzisa:
– Imboni Yezempilo: Izinsimbi zokuhlinza kanye nemishini yezokwelapha zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi engagqwali ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuhlanzeka nokumelana nokugqwala.
– Imboni Yokudla Neziphuzo: Ukutholakala kwemishini yasekhishini, njengemimese, amapani, kanye nemishini yokucubungula ukudla eyenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ayingcoliswa ukugqwala.
– Ukwakha Nokwakha: Izakhiwo eziningi zesimanje namabhuloho zisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ezakhiweni zazo, ngenxa yobuhle nokuqina kwale nto.
2. I-Aluminium
I-Aluminium iyinsimbi elula kakhulu futhi inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Nakuba i-aluminium ingagqwala, ungqimba oluvelayo lokugqwala (i-aluminium oxide) luncane kakhulu futhi luvikela ungqimba lwangaphakathi ekungcolisweni okuqhubekayo.
Sebenzisa:
– Imboni Yezindiza: I-Aluminium isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezindiza ngenxa yesisindo sayo esincane kanye nekhono layo lokumelana nokugqwala.
– Ezokuthutha: Izingxenye eziningi zemoto, okuhlanganisa uhlaka namasondo, zisebenzisa i-aluminium.
– Ukwakhiwa: Amafasitela, iminyango, kanye nohlaka lwesakhiwo kusebenzisa i-aluminium ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa eziphansi.
3. I-Titanium
I-Titanium iyinsimbi eyaziwa ngamandla ayo angavamile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Titanium kanye nezinsimbi zayo zimelana kakhulu nokugqwala ngoba zakha ungqimba lwe-oxide oluzinzile ebusweni bazo.
Sebenzisa:
– Imboni Yezempilo: Izinto ezifakwa kwezokwelapha, njengezikhonkwane namapuleti ethambo, zivame ukwenziwa nge-titanium ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo nezinto eziphilayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
– Imboni Yezindiza: I-Titanium isetshenziselwa izingxenye zezindiza kanye nezimoto zasemkhathini ngoba ilula, inamandla, futhi ayigqwali.
– Imboni Yasolwandle: I-Titanium isetshenziswa emishinini yokuntywila kanye nasezindlini ezingaphansi kwamanzi ngenxa yokumelana kwayo namanzi olwandle agqwalayo.
4. Ithusi kanye nezinsimbi zalo (ithusi kanye nethusi)
Ithusi linamandla okumelana nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi emanzini. Ithusi liyingxube yethusi ne-zinc, kanti ithusi liyingxube yethusi ne-tin; zombili zinezakhiwo eziqinile zokumelana nokugqwala.
Sebenzisa:
– Ugesi: Izintambo zikagesi nezixhumi zivame ukwenziwa ngethusi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo okuphezulu kukagesi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
– Ukwakha: Ukusetshenziswa kwethusi nethusi ekuhlobiseni kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo kunikeza ubuhle obuhle kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.
– Amapayipi Nokuhlanzeka: Amapayipi amaningi kanye nezinto zokuhlanza zisebenzisa ithusi nethusi ngoba azigqwali kalula futhi zimelana namanzi.
5. Ama-alloy e-Nickel ne-Nickel
I-Nickel iyinsimbi engagqwali futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-alloy adinga ukumelana okuphezulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala. I-Inconel, i-Monel, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-alloy e-nickel ziyizibonelo zama-alloy amelana kakhulu nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokugqwala.
Sebenzisa:
– Imboni Yamakhemikhali: Amathangi okugcina izinto kanye namapayipi athwala amakhemikhali agqwalisayo avame ukwenziwa ngama-alloy e-nickel.
– Imboni Ye-Petrochemical: Ukusetshenziswa ekubholeni uwoyela nasekucubungulweni kwegesi ukuze kumelane nezimo zemvelo ezinzima.
– Imboni Yezindiza: Izingxenye ze-jet kanye ne-rocket engine zisebenzisa ama-nickel alloys ngenxa yokumelana kwazo namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala.
Isiphetho
Izinsimbi ezingamelani nokugqwala zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuhlanzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimboni. Insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, i-titanium, ithusi, ithusi, ithusi, kanye ne-nickel alloys konke kunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ukukhetha insimbi efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile kanye nezimo zokusebenza kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo futhi kunciphise izindleko zokulungisa.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwensimbi engagqwali lunamandla nobuthakathaka obuhlukile, okwenza lube luhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuthile. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinto ezinokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe, okuvula amathuba amasha ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo. Ukuqonda kahle lezi zakhiwo kubalulekile konjiniyela, abakhi bezakhiwo, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ukuze bakhethe izinto ezifanele zokuklama nokukhiqiza.
