Amasu Okuphatha Izidakamizwa Ezingaphansi Kwesikhumba Ezilwaneni
Ukunikezwa kwemithi ngaphansi kwesikhumba (SC) kuyindlela yokujova ehilela ukufaka imithi ezicutshini ezingaphansi kwesikhumba (ungqimba olungaphansi kwesikhumba), isikhala esiphakathi kwesikhumba nemisipha. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi emtholampilo wezilwane ngoba kulula ukuyenza, ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu kakhulu kunemijovo yemisipha, futhi ifanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi efana nemijovo ethile, ama-hormone, imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, kanye noketshezi oluthile ezimweni ezikhethekile. Nakuba kubonakala kulula, impumelelo yomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba incike kakhulu ekulungiseleleni, ekukhetheni indawo, enkambisweni yokufaka inaliti, kanye nokuphathwa kwezilwane okuphephile nokungacindezeli kakhulu.
Incazelo kanye nenhloso yomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba
Imijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba ihlose ukuletha imithi ngakho-ke imuncwa kancane kancane ngemithambo yegazi emincane ezicutshini ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Izinga lokumuncwa ngokuvamile lihamba kancane kunemijovo efakwa emthanjeni, kodwa ngokuvamile lizinzile. Ezilwaneni ezincane ezifana namakati nezinja, imijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza uketshezi (uketshezi olungaphansi kwesikhumba) ezimweni zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuncane kuya kokuphakathi, njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wezilwane. Ezilwaneni, imijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza imijovo kanye neminye imithi yokulwa namagciwane.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwendlela engaphansi kwesikhumba
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba ukuthi inqubo ishesha kakhulu, ingozi yokopha ivame ukuba phansi, futhi ingenziwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi ngokulungiswa kobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba zinesikhala esanele sokwamukela umthamo othile wemithi ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala kwemisipha.
Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo ethile. Akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ezifanelekela ukuphathwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi lezo ezicasula kakhulu, ezidinga ukuqala okusheshayo kokusebenza, noma ezidinga umthamo omkhulu ekuphathweni okukodwa. Ezilwaneni ezine-perfusion embi (isb., ezishaqekile), ukumuncwa kwemithi ngaphansi kwesikhumba kungaphazamiseka, okuholela emiphumeleni engemihle. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuphathwa kufanele ilandele ilebula lemithi kanye nemiyalelo kadokotela wezilwane.
Ukulungiswa Kwamathuluzi Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
Ngaphambi kokwenza umjovo we-subcutaneous, lungisa amathuluzi nezinto ezilandelayo:
1. Isirinji (isirinji) ngokwenani lomuthi.
2. Usayizi wenaliti ulungiswa ngokwezinhlobo kanye nokujiya komuthi. Ngokuvamile, izinaliti ezincane zisetshenziselwa izilwane ezincane, kanti izinaliti ezinkulu zisetshenziselwa izilwane ezinkulu.
3. Thatha umuthi ngokwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe kanye nendlela oyisebenzisayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi awuphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ugcinwe kahle.
4. Utshwala obungu-70% noma isibulala-magciwane sokuhlanzeka kwesikhumba (ngokwenqubomgomo yezokwelapha kanye nesimo sesikhumba sesilwane).
5. Ukotini/i-gauze.
6. Imishini yokubopha (ithawula lamakati, umlomo wezinja uma kudingeka, ikheji lokubamba imfuyo, noma usizo oluvela kumsizi).
7. Izindawo zokulahla izinto ezibukhali (isitsha esibukhali) ukuze izinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe zingabangeli ukulimala noma ukusabalalisa izifo.
Ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kubalulekile. Sebenzisa indlela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka endaweni yokujova futhi ugweme ukungcola kwemithi.
Ukukhethwa Kwendawo Yokujova Ngaphansi Kwesikhumba
Indawo yokujova ngaphansi kwesikhumba iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, isimo sesilwane, kanye nohlobo lomuthi (isibonelo, eminye imijovo inezincomo ezithile zendawo). Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezinesikhumba esixegayo kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
– Izinja namakati: Indawo yokuhlikihla kanye nesifuba noma izinhlangothi ezisemaceleni kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Kwezinye izimo, indawo engemuva kwamahlombe nayo ivamile.
– Onogwaja nezinye izilwane ezincane: izindawo zesikhumba ezikhululekile ngemuva kwentamo noma emaceleni omzimba, ngokunaka okwengeziwe njengoba isikhumba sinozwela kakhulu.
– Izinkomo nezimbuzi/izimvu: ngokuvamile ziseceleni kwentamo noma ngemuva kwehlombe; ukukhetha indawo nakho kubheka ikhwalithi yesidumbu futhi kunciphisa ukulimala kwezicubu.
– Amahhashi: izindawo ezithile entanyeni noma ngemuva kwehlombe zingasetshenziswa, kodwa umkhuba kufanele ulandele iziqondiso zezilwane ngenxa yesimo sengqondo kanye nezici zokuphepha.
Gwema izindawo ezivuvukele, ezinegciwane, ezilimele, noma ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Kunconywa futhi ukujova ngokushintshashintsha izindawo uma kudingeka imijovo ephindaphindwayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukucasuka kanye nezibazi.
Amasu Okulawula Izilwane (Ukuphatha)
Impumelelo yomjovo incike ekhonweni lokubopha isilwane ngokuphephile. Ukuzibamba kufanele kuqine ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, kodwa kungabi kuqine kangangokuthi isilwane sicindezeleke noma silimale.
– Izilwane ezincane: sebenzisa indlela “yethawula le-burrito” emakatini noma ube nomsizi obambe umzimba nekhanda liqine.
– Izilwane ezinkulu: Sebenzisa izinto zokuvimba njengezindawo zokubopha noma ama-halter. Qinisekisa ukuthi umqhubi ubekwe kahle ukuze avimbele ukukhahlela, ukushaya ikhanda, noma ukunyakaza okungazelelwe.
Ukulawula okuhle kusiza nokufakwa kwenaliti ukuthi kube okunembe kakhudlwana futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka kwenaliti.
Izinyathelo Zokuphathwa Kwemithi Engaphansi Kwesikhumba
Okulandelayo inqubo ejwayelekile yokujova ngaphansi kwesikhumba:
1. Qinisekisa imithi kanye nomthamo
Hlola igama lomuthi, ukuhlushwa kwawo, umthamo osekelwe esisindweni, kanye nendlela ye-SC. Uma ungabaza, thintana nodokotela kuqala.
2. Lungisa isirinji bese udweba umuthi.
Sebenzisa inalithi ehlanzekile. Khipha umthamo ofanele wemithi. Qinisekisa ukuthi awekho amabhamuza omoya angaphezulu; uma ekhona, thinta kancane isirinji bese ucindezela umoya uphume.
3. Khetha futhi ulungiselele indawo yokujova
Susa izinwele uma kudingeka (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingcolile noma ezinoboya obuningi). Hlanza isikhumba ngomuthi wokulwa namagciwane uma kunconywa.
4. Yenza “itende lesikhumba”
Ngesandla sakho esingalawuleki, cindezela isikhumba ukuze wakhe ukugoqa okufana netende. Isikhala esingaphansi kwalesi sigoqa siyindawo okuhloswe kuyo umjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba.
5. Faka inaliti nge-engeli efanele
Ngokuvamile, inaliti ifakwe nge-engeli engama-30-45 degrees ebusweni besikhumba, ihlose phansi kwesiphetho sesikhumba. Ezilwaneni ezincane ezinesikhumba esixegayo, ingase ifane kakhulu nesiphetho sesikhumba. Faka inaliti ngokuqinile kodwa ngobumnene ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu.
6. Isifiso (ngokwenqubomgomo yezokwelapha)
Kwezinye izinqubo, i-plunger idonswa kancane emuva ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayingeni emthanjeni wegazi. Kodwa-ke, imikhuba yokufutha ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi, usayizi wesilwane, kanye nemithi yokwelapha yasendaweni. Landela iziqondiso zomtholampilo/udokotela wezilwane.
7. Jova umuthi kancane kancane
Cindezela i-plunger kancane kancane. Ukunikeza umuthi ngokushesha kakhulu kungabangela ukungakhululeki noma ukuvuza.
8. Susa inaliti bese ucindezela kancane.
Uma umuthi usufakiwe, khipha inaliti nge-engeli efanayo. Faka ukucindezela okuncane nge-gauze noma iphepha elihlanzekile imizuzwana embalwa uma kudingeka. Ukuhlikihla okuthambile kungasiza ekusabalaliseni umuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuhlikihla kunganconywa emithini ethile (isb., eminye imijovo).
9. Lahla inalithi kanye nesipetu esitsheni esibukhali.
Ungaphindi ufake izinaliti ngesandla (ukuphinda ufake izinaliti) ngaphandle kokuthi kunenqubo yokuphepha evunyelwe; ingozi yenaliti iphezulu.
Izimpawu Zempumelelo Namaphutha Avamile
Izimpawu zomjovo ophumelelayo ngaphansi kwesikhumba zihlanganisa isilwane esizolile, ukungabi nokopha okukhulu, kanye nokuvuza okuphawulekayo komuthi endaweni yomjovo. Iqhubu elincane lesikhashana (isondo) lingavela ngezinye izikhathi, elivame ukunyamalala ngesikhathi esifushane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuphathwa koketshezi olungaphansi kwesikhumba.
Amaphutha avamile afaka:
– Inaliti ijule kakhulu futhi ingena emsipheni (ngamabomu iba yi-intramuscular).
– Inaliti ingena esikhumbeni ukuze umuthi uphume noma ungene ngaphandle kwezicubu eziqondiwe.
– Ukukhetha indawo okungalungile (isib. indawo evuvukele).
– Amasu okuzibamba angemahle abangela ukuthi isilwane sinyakaze futhi sibe sengozini yokulimala.
Izinkinga Nokwelashwa Kwazo
Izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu bendawo, ukuvuvukala, i-hematoma encane, ukutheleleka/ithumba, ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, noma i-tissue necrosis (okungavamile, kodwa kungenzeka ngemithi ecasulayo noma indlela engalungile yokuphatha). Uma kuvela ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ukushisa, noma ubomvu, isilwane sibonakala sinobuhlungu obukhulu, sikhathele, sihlanza, sinenkinga yokuphefumula, noma sivuvukele ebusweni, xhumana nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa ukusabela okungathi sína.
Isiphetho
Amasu okuphatha izidakamizwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezilwaneni ayikhono eliyisisekelo kodwa elibalulekile kwezokwelapha izilwane kanye nokuphathwa kwempilo yezilwane. Izihluthulelo zempumelelo zifaka phakathi ukulungiselela imishini ehlanzekile, ukukhetha indawo efanele, ukuvimba okuqinile, kanye nokufakwa kwenaliti nge-engeli efanele kanye nokujula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda umuthi—kufaka phakathi umthamo, umzila, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona—kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokunciphisa izinkinga. Ngenqubo efanele kanye nokuqashwa kwezilwane, umjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba ungaba yindlela ephephile, ephumelelayo, nekhululekile yokuphatha umuthi ezilwaneni.
Uma ungathanda, ngingayivumelanisa le ndatshana nohlobo oluthile (isib., amakati/izinja kuphela noma imfuyo kuphela), ngifake ithebula losayizi bezinaliti ezisetshenziswa njalo, noma ngidale inguqulo ngefomethi yephepha lesayensi enohlu lwezincwadi.
