Izimpawu Nokwelashwa Kwe-Ehrlichiosis Ezinjeni
I-Ehrlichiosis ezinjeni iyisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane ohlobo lwe-Ehrlichia (ngokuvamile i-Ehrlichia canis) futhi ngokuvamile idluliselwa ngokulunywa yi-brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Lesi sifo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-tick fever" ngoba sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokutheleleka ngama-tick. I-Ehrlichiosis ingathinta izinja zabo bonke ubudala kanye nezinhlobo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivame ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezinengozi enkulu yokutheleleka ngama-tick. Uma ingelashwa, ukutheleleka kungaqhubekela esimweni esingamahlalakhona esithinta izitho eziningi zomzimba futhi sinciphise kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwenja.
Iyini i-Ehrlichiosis futhi idluliselwa kanjani?
Uma umkhaza onegciwane uluma inja, igciwane le-Ehrlichia lingena egazini lihlasele amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ikakhulukazi ama-monocyte. Ukusuka lapho, amagciwane angasakazeka futhi abangele ukusabela okubanzi kokuvuvukala. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhaza ungasuka kwesinye isilwane uye kwesinye futhi uhlale endaweni yasekhaya (imifantu yaphansi, izinja, utshani, kanye nezikhala zodonga), ukudluliselwa akwenzeki nje kuphela ngaphandle kwekhaya kodwa kungaphinde kuvele uma ukulawula umkhaza kungalungile.
I-Ehrlichiosis ivame ukubonakala ingabonakali imbi ekuqaleni. Ezinye izinja zibonisa izimpawu ezincane ezifana nokutheleleka okuvamile, okwenza abanikazi bacabange ukuthi inja "ibanda" noma ikhathele. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinkinga.
Izigaba Zesifo Se-Ehrlichiosis
Ngokuvamile, i-ehrlichiosis ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
1. Isigaba esiphuthumayo (amasonto angu-1-3 ngemva kokutheleleka): Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela, kodwa zingase zibe zingabonakali.
2. Isigaba esingaphansi kwesifo: Inja ibonakala ithuthuka, kodwa amabhaktheriya asesemzimbeni futhi angalimaza kancane kancane uhlelo lwegazi nezitho zomzimba.
3. Isigaba esingamahlalakhona: Izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu, ukuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu, izinkinga zokopha, ukwehla kwamandla omzimba, ngisho nokufa kungavela uma kungelashwa.
Akuzona zonke izinja ezidlula ezigabeni ezifanayo. Ezinye ziwohloka ngokushesha, kanti ezinye zibonakala ziphilile izinyanga ngaphambi kokubonisa izimpawu ezinkulu.
Izimpawu ze-Ehrlichiosis ezinjeni
Izimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis zingahluka kuye ngokuthi inja injani, isigaba sayo, kanye nesimo sayo jikelele. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
1. Umkhuhlane kanye nokudinwa
Inja ibonakala ivilapha ukunyakaza, ilala kakhulu, ayisebenzi njengenjwayelo, futhi inokushisa komzimba okuphezulu. Umkhuhlane ungase ubuye uphele.
2. Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo
Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla kuvame ukuhambisana nokwehla kwesisindo kancane kancane. Esigabeni esingapheli, ukwehla kwesisindo kungabonakala kakhulu.
3. Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
Izindlala entanyeni, ngaphansi komhlathi, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni zingakhula ngenxa yokutheleleka.
4. Izimpawu zokopha
Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso ngoba sibonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-platelet, okuvame ukwenzeka ku-ehrlichiosis. Isibonelo:
– Ukopha ekhaleni (i-epistaxis)
– Izinsini eziphuma igazi
– Amabala abomvu esikhumbeni (i-petechiae)
- Ukuphuka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
– Indle emnyama (melena) ngenxa yokopha kwamathumbu
5. Izinkinga zamehlo
Ezinye izinja ziba namehlo abomvu, ukukhishwa kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukuncipha kokubona, noma ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lweso (uveitis). Lezi zimo zingabangela inja ukuthi ivule amehlo njalo noma izwele ekukhanyeni.
6. Izinkinga zokukhwehlela noma zokuphefumula
Akwenzeki njalo, kodwa ezinye izimo zibonisa ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma ukungabekezelelani nomsebenzi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi noma ezinye izinkinga.
7. Ubuhlungu bamalunga nokuxhuga
Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha kungadala ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, kwenze inja ingafuni ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ibe nobunzima bokuma, noma iqhuge.
8. Ukuhlanza kanye nohudo
Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla kungase kwenzeke, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezinzima noma esigabeni esingapheli.
9. Izimpawu ze-anemia
Uma amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ephansi, izinsini zenja zingase zibonakale ziphaphathekile, inja ingakhathala kalula, futhi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lingakhuphuka. I-anemia enkulu iyisimo esiphuthumayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zifana nezinye izifo eziningi (njenge-distemper, i-babesiosis, i-leptospirosis, noma izinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba), ukuxilongwa akufanele kusekelwe ezimpawini zodwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ehrlichiosis
Udokotela wezilwane uvame ukwenza ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:
– Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuphelele okuhlanganisa nokuhlola amakhizane, izinga lokushisa, isimo sezinsini, kanye nokukhula kwezindlala.
– Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC): kuvame ukukhombisa ama-platelet aphansi (i-thrombocytopenia), i-anemia, noma izinguquko kumaseli amhlophe egazi.
– Amakhemikhali egazi: ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso kanye nezimo zokuvuvukala.
– Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo/kwe-serology (isb., ukuhlolwa kwe-SNAP): ukuthola ama-antibodies ku-Ehrlichia. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-antibodies angahlala ekhona ngisho nangemva kokuba ukutheleleka sekudlulile, ngakho-ke kufanele ahunyushwe ngokucophelela.
– I-PCR: ithola izakhi zofuzo zamagciwane, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukutheleleka okusebenzayo.
– Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanganiswa kwamagciwane kubonakala emangqamuzaneni amhlophe egazi, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukuxilongwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa nokwehlukanisa kwezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngamakhizane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Ehrlichiosis ezinjeni
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo, kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kwama-tick.
1. I-antibiotic eyinhloko: i-Doxycycline
I-Doxycycline iyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko ye-ehrlichiosis ezinjeni. Ivame ukunikezwa amasonto amaningana njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wezilwane. Izinja eziningi zibonisa ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zingakapheli amahora angu-24-72, ikakhulukazi esigabeni esibucayi. Kodwa-ke, noma izimpawu zithuthuka ngokushesha, ukwelashwa okuphelele kumele kuqedwe ukuze kulawulwe ngokuphelele amagciwane futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokuphinda kuvele.
Inothi elibalulekile: imithi kufanele inikezwe ngokwesilinganiso sikadokotela wezilwane. I-Doxycycline ingabangela ukucasuka kwesisu kwezinye izinja, futhi indlela yokunikeza (isib., ngokudla okwanele namanzi) kungadingeka ilungiswe.
2. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo
Uma inja ibuthakathaka noma ike yaba nezinkinga, udokotela wezilwane angakunikeza:
– Ukumuncwa koketshezi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokusekela ukujikeleza kwegazi.
– Imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane/yokulwa nokuvuvukala njengoba kubonisiwe (akuwona wonke umuthi wabantu ophephile ezinjeni).
– Ukwengezwa kokudla okunempilo kanye nokulungiswa kokudla ukuze kusize ukululama.
– Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ama-platelet ezimweni zokuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu noma ukopha okukhulu.
– Imithi yokusekela izitho zomzimba uma kwenzeka izinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhizane (isihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukuphinda kuvele)
Ukwelashwa kuzoba nzima uma inja iqhubeka nokulunywa yizimpukane ezithwala amagciwane. Ukulawula izimpukane kuhlanganisa:
– Imithi yokulwa nemikhaza esetshenziswa ngaphandle kwesikhumba noma ngomlomo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wezilwane.
– Geza futhi ukame uboya njalo ukuze uthole amakhizane.
– Ukuhlanza indawo: ukugeza imibhede, ukuhlanza amakheji, ukufutha izindawo ezingaba izidleke zama-tick, kanye nokusika utshani.
– Hlola ezinye izilwane endlini ngoba amakhizane adluliselwa kalula phakathi kwezilwane.
4. Ukuqapha nokulawula kabusha
Ngemva kokwelashwa, odokotela bezilwane ngokuvamile batusa ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lama-platelet, amaseli abomvu egazi, kanye nezinye izinkomba ziyathuthuka. Kwezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona, kudingeka ukuqapha okuningana ngoba ukululama kungathatha isikhathi eside.
Ukubikezela kanye Nengozi Yokuphindeka
Uma kutholakale futhi kwelashwa esigabeni esibucayi, isibikezelo ngokuvamile sihle. Izinja eziningi ziyalulama ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni esingamahlalakhona, isibikezelo siqapha kakhulu ngoba umonakalo womnkantsha wamathambo, ukuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu, kanye nezinkinga zomzimba kungaba nzima ukuzibuyisela emuva. Ingozi yokubuyela emuva nayo iyanda uma ukuchayeka ezinkingeni kuqhubeka noma ukwelashwa kungaqedwa.
Ezinye izinja zingase zihlale zine-antibody isikhathi eside. Lokhu akusho ukuthi zinesifo esithathelwanayo, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokuhlolwa kufanele ihunyushwe udokotela wezilwane ngokusekelwe esimweni somtholampilo kanye neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukuvimbela i-Ehrlichiosis
Ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo kakhulu ukugwema ukulunywa yizimpukane:
– Sebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela imikhaza njalo unyaka wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivame ukuba khona.
– Hlola uboya benja yakho ngemva kokuhamba emapaki, engadini, noma ezindaweni ezinotshani.
– Gcina indawo ihlanzekile futhi ulawule amakhizane ekhaya.
– Ukubonisana njalo nodokotela wezilwane, ikakhulukazi uma inja yakho itholakale inesifo esihlobene namakhizane.
Isiphetho
I-Ehrlichiosis ezinjeni iyisifo esibi esithwalwa yizimpukane esingathuthuka sisuke ezimpawini ezincane siye esimweni esiyingozi esingamahlalakhona. Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, ukopha, i-anemia, kanye nama-lymph node akhuphukile kufanele ziqashwe, ikakhulukazi uma inja inomlando wokutheleleka yizimpukane. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kuvame ukuba yi-doxycycline, kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kanye nokulawulwa njalo kwezimpukane. Uma udokotela wezilwane esheshe axilonge futhi elaphe lesi simo, kulapho amathuba enja okululama ngokugcwele eba ngcono khona.
Uma ungathanda, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe "isitayela sebhulogi" (esilula) noma "isitayela sezokwelapha" (esinobuchwepheshe kakhulu), kanye nokufaka isigaba se-FAQ kanye nohlu lwezimpawu eziphuthumayo zokuthi kufanele uye nini emtholampilo ngokushesha.
