Ziyini Izindawo Zesimo Sezulu Futhi Zithinta Kanjani Isimo Sezulu?
Ukuqonda Izindawo Zesimo Sezulu
Izindawo zesimo sezulu ziwukuhlukaniswa kwezifunda eMhlabeni ngokusekelwe ezicini zazo zesimo sezulu, ezinqunywa izinga lokushisa, imvula, nezinye izici zesimo sezulu. Lo mqondo uvumela ososayensi nomphakathi ukuqonda umehluko nokufana kwezimo zesimo sezulu phakathi kwezifunda ezahlukene zomhlaba. Ukuhlukanisa izifunda ngezindawo zesimo sezulu kusiza ekufundweni kwesimo sezulu, ukubikezela isimo sezulu, kanye nokuhlela imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yabantu, njengezolimo, ukwakha, kanye nezokuvakasha.
Izindawo zesimo sezulu ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa kusetshenziswa isigaba se-Köppen-Geiger, esihlukanisa izindawo zesimo sezulu ngezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekushiseni nasekuphethini kwemvula: ezishisayo, ezomile, ezifudumele, ezibandayo (ezihlala emahlathini), kanye nezisezindaweni ezibandayo. Isigaba ngasinye salezi zigaba sihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezincane ezinemininingwane eminingi.
1. Indawo Yesimo Sezulu Esishisayo
Indawo yesimo sezulu esishisayo itholakala eduze kwe-equator, phakathi kwama-latitude angu-23.5° N kanye no-23.5° S. Le ndawo yesimo sezulu ibonakala ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu unyaka wonke kanye nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwesizini. Imvula ephezulu ivame ukuba njalo noma inephethini yesizini enesizini yemvula kanye nesizini eyomile. Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nama-savanna yizona zinhlobo eziyinhloko zezitshalo ezitholakala lapha.
2. Indawo Yesimo Sezulu Esomile (Eyomile)
Izindawo zezulu ezomile noma ezomile zifaka phakathi amahlane nama-steppes, abonakala ngemvula encane kakhulu. Amahlane athola imvula engaphansi kuka-250 mm ngonyaka, kuyilapho ama-steppes ethola imvula ephakathi kuka-250 no-500 mm ngonyaka. Amazinga okushisa kulezi zindawo angaba phezulu kakhulu emini futhi abande kakhulu ebusuku noma ebusika, njengoba kunjalo e-Sahara Desert nase-Great Basin yaseNyakatho Melika.
3. Indawo Yesimo Sezulu Esifudumele
Izindawo zesimo sezulu ezifudumele ziphakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo nezisemaphethelweni futhi zibonakala ngezimo zezulu ezipholile ezinokwehluka okukhulu kwezinkathi zonyaka. Lezi zindawo zinezinkathi ezine zonyaka (intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla, kanye nobusika), lapho amaphethini emvula ehlukahluka unyaka wonke kanye nonyaka. Izibonelo zifaka amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, empumalanga ye-United States, kanye naseMpumalanga Asia.
4. Indawo Yesimo Sezulu Esibandayo (Boreal)
Indawo yesimo sezulu esibandayo, noma i-boreal, ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme enyakatho ye-equator, phakathi kuka-50°N no-70°N. Amazinga okushisa kulesi sifunda aphansi kakhulu, kanye nobusika obude nobunzima. Ihlobo lifushane futhi lifudumele kancane, kodwa imvula yonyaka ihlala iphansi. Amahlathi e-Taiga ayizitshalo ezivelele kule ndawo.
5. Indawo Yesimo Sezulu Esimaphakathi Nezwe
Indawo yesimo sezulu esibandayo ihlanganisa izindawo ezizungeze iNyakatho neNingizimu yePoles. Lesi sifunda saziwa ngamazinga aphansi kakhulu okushisa unyaka wonke kanye nemvula encane kakhulu ngesimo seqhwa. Le ndawo iqukethe i-tundra namaqhwa. Izitshalo ezisindayo zilinganiselwe kakhulu, ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukhula kanye notshani obuncane.
Ithonya Lezindawo Zesimo Sezulu Esimweni Sezulu
Indawo ngayinye yesimo sezulu okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla inethonya elikhulu esimweni sezulu kuleso sifunda. Nazi ezinye izindlela izindawo zesimo sezulu ezithinta ngazo isimo sezulu:
1. Izinga lokushisa
Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezinquma isimo sezulu endaweni ethile yesimo sezulu. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, amazinga okushisa ahlala ephezulu unyaka wonke, okuholela esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu ezishisayo, ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kusobala kakhulu, kanti izinkathi zonyaka ezishintshayo zithonya izinhlobo zesimo sezulu ezenzekayo, njengehlobo elifudumele kanye nobusika obuthambile.
2. Imvula
Imvula nayo ithonywa kakhulu yindawo yesimo sezulu. Ezimweni ezishisayo, imvula iyanda futhi ingaba khona unyaka wonke noma ihlukaniswe ngezinkathi zemvula nezomile. Ezindaweni ezomile, imvula iphansi kakhulu, okuholela ezimweni zasehlane noma eziwugwadule oluncane. Ezimweni ezifudumele, imvula isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo unyaka wonke, kodwa ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezindawo.
3. Umswakama
Umswakama ubonisa inani lomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni futhi uhlobene eduze nendawo yesimo sezulu. Izifunda zasezindaweni ezishisayo ngokuvamile zinamazinga aphezulu omswakama ngoba amazinga okushisa afudumele andisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izindawo ezomile zinomswakama ophansi ngenxa yemvula encane kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, okukhuthaza ukuhwamuka okusheshayo.
4. Amaphethini Omoya Nesiphepho
Izindawo zesimo sezulu nazo zithonya amaphethini omoya kanye nokwakheka kwezivunguvungu. Imimoya yezohwebo itholakala endaweni eshisayo futhi iyimimoya eqhubekayo esuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga. Izinhlelo zesimo sezulu ezinkulu njengezivunguvungu zasezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nezivunguvungu zasezindaweni ezishisayo nazo zikhula kakhulu kule ndawo yesimo sezulu ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa afudumele olwandle. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, amaphethini omoya ayahlukahluka kakhulu futhi avame ukwakha izivunguvungu eziletha imvula neqhwa.
5. Imifino
Izitshalo nazo zithonywa kakhulu yizindawo zesimo sezulu, futhi, zithonya isimo sezulu sendawo. Amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, isibonelo, adala isimo sezulu esincane esipholile futhi esinomswakama kakhulu kunezindawo ezingaphandle kwehlathi. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, izitshalo ezincane zingakhulisa imiphumela yokushisa okukhulu ngoba akukho mthunzi wokuvikela inhlabathi elangeni eliqondile.
Umthelela Wezindawo Zesimo Sezulu Ekuphileni Komuntu
Ukuqonda izindawo zesimo sezulu kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu ngoba kuthinta izici ezahlukene zokuphila, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ezolimo
Izindawo zesimo sezulu zinquma izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingatshalwa endaweni ethile. Isibonelo, izitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezifana nobhanana kanye nesundu samafutha ziyachuma ezindaweni ezishisayo, kuyilapho ukolweni nommbila kufaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo.
2. Impilo Yezomnotho
Imisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho ihlobene nesimo sezulu, njengokuvakasha, ukudoba, kanye namahlathi. Izindawo ezithile zesimo sezulu zingaba izindawo eziyinhloko zezivakashi, njengamabhishi asezindaweni ezishisayo noma izindawo zokushushuluza eqhweni ezintabeni.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nengqalasizinda nakho kudinga ukuqonda izindawo zesimo sezulu. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izakhiwo zezakhiwo zivame ukuklanywa ukukhuthaza ukugeleza komoya nokuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, kanti ezimweni ezipholile, izakhiwo zenzelwe ukugcina ukushisa.
4. Impilo
Izimo zezulu zithinta izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izinkinga zempilo ezifana nomalaleveva kanye nomkhuhlane we-dengue zivame kakhulu, kanti ezindaweni ezibandayo, izinkinga zempilo zingafaka phakathi izifo zokuphefumula ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Izindawo zesimo sezulu ziyizigaba zoMhlaba ngokusekelwe ezicini zazo zesimo sezulu, ezithinta izinga lokushisa, imvula, umswakama, umoya, kanye nezitshalo esifundeni. Ukuqonda izindawo zesimo sezulu kubalulekile ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila komuntu, kusukela kwezolimo kanye nezomnotho kuya ekuthuthukisweni kanye nempilo. Ngale ndlela yokuqonda, singalindela futhi sizivumelanise nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, futhi senze izinqumo ezingcono zokusimama kwemvelo kanye nokuphila komuntu.
