Izimiso Zomsindo Ongaphansi Kwamanzi ku-Geophysics
I-Pendahuluan
I-Geophysics igatsha lesayensi yomhlaba elifunda izakhiwo zomzimba zoMhlaba kanye nendawo okuyo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezibonakalayo. Esinye isici esibalulekile se-geophysics ukuhlola ngaphansi kwamanzi, okuvame ukuba nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yendawo eyingqayizivele. Kulesi simo, i-acoustic engaphansi kwamanzi iba ithuluzi elibalulekile. I-acoustic engaphansi kwamanzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hydroacoustics, isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthola, ukukala, nokuhlaziya izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwamanzi . Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezimiso ze-acoustic engaphansi kwamanzi nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani kwi-geophysics.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zomsindo Ongaphansi Kwamanzi
Amaza Omsindo
Umsindo uyigagasi elisebenza ngomshini elisakazeka ngemidiya enwebekayo, okuhlanganisa namanzi. Ijubane lomsindo emanzini liyahlukahluka kuye ngokushisa, usawoti, kanye nokucindezela kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, ijubane lomsindo emanzini olwandle lingaba amamitha ayi-1500 ngomzuzwana. Amagagasi omsindo angahlukaniswa ngemvamisa ibe yi-infrasonic (imvamisa ephansi), i-audiosonic (imvamisa ephakathi), kanye ne-ultrasonic (imvamisa ephezulu).
Ukuzindla Nokucabanga
Amagagasi omsindo ahamba emanzini abhekana nokukhanya nokukhanya lapho ehlangana nomehluko ekuvinjelweni kwe-acoustic, njengomngcele phakathi kwamanzi nolwandle noma izendlalelo ezahlukene zedaka. Ukukhanya kuwukugxuma kwamagagasi omsindo abuyele emthonjeni wawo, kanti ukukhanya kuwukugoba kwamagagasi omsindo njengoba edlula ezindabeni ezahlukene. Lezi zimo ziyisisekelo ekuchazeni idatha ye-acoustic engaphansi kwamanzi ngoba zithinta indlela amagagasi omsindo ahlela ngayo izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukumunca
Amaza omsindo ahamba emanzini adlula ekumuncweni, lapho amandla egagasi lomsindo ehla khona ngokwebanga. Ububanzi bokumuncwa buxhomeke emvamisa yamaza kanye nezakhiwo zendlela ephakathi. Amaza anemvamisa ephezulu amuncwa ngokushesha kakhulu kunamaza anemvamisa ephansi.
Ubuchwepheshe Namathuluzi E-Acoustics Engaphansi Kwamanzi
I-Echosound
I-echosounder iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukukala ukujula kolwandle ngokukhipha umsindo oqonde phezulu olwandle bese ulinganisa isikhathi esithathayo ukuze i-echo ibuye. Leli thuluzi livame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlolovo ze-bathymetric ukudala amamephu olwandle.
I-Sonar yeskena eseceleni
I-sonar yokuskena eceleni iyithuluzi elikhipha amaza omsindo eceleni komkhumbi noma emotweni engaphansi kwamanzi. Idatha evela ku-sonar yokuskena eceleni isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinezilinganiso ezimbili zaphansi kolwandle, okusiza ekuboneni izinto, izakhiwo, kanye nokuthungwa kobuso.
Iphrofayili Engaphansi Kwezansi
Iphrofayili engaphansi kwephansi iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukumaka izendlalelo ezingaphansi kolwandle. Leli thuluzi likhipha amaza omsindo aphansi angangena ezingqimbeni zedaka futhi abonise izinhlaka ezingaphansi. Livame ukusetshenziswa ezifundweni ze-geology ezingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nasezifundweni zemivubukulo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Izinhlelo Zokuzindla Nge-Seismic
Uhlelo lokubonakalisa ukuzamazama komhlaba luyindlela esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukungena ngokujulile ongqimbeni loMhlaba. Amaza akhishwayo abuyela emuva ezingqimbeni ezahlukene zamadwala kanye nodaka, enikeza isithombe esinobukhulu obuthathu sesakhiwo sejiyoloji esingaphansi komhlaba. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kukawoyela negesi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Acoustics engaphansi kwamanzi ku-Geophysics
Ukuhlola Uwoyela Negesi
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa imisindo engaphansi kwamanzi ku-geophysics ukuhlola uwoyela negesi. Amasu anjengokuzamazama komhlaba okubonakalayo asetshenziswa ukudala amamephu anezinhlangothi ezintathu ezingqimba zamatshe ngaphansi kolwandle, okusiza ekuboneni izindawo ezingaba khona zokulondoloza uwoyela negesi. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuhleleni ukumba nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.
Izifundo Zezintaba-mlilo Ezingaphansi Kwamanzi
I-volcanoology engaphansi kwamanzi iwucwaningo lomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo phansi kolwandle. Besebenzisa izinhlelo ze-acoustic ezingaphansi kwamanzi njenge-profilers ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye ne-echosounders, ososayensi bangakwazi ukumaka indawo kanye nomsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqondeni ingozi yokuqhuma kanye nomthelela wazo endaweni yasolwandle.
Ucwaningo lwe-Tectonic
I-tectonics yamapuleti inqubo ebumba futhi ishintshe isakhiwo soMhlaba. I-acoustic engaphansi kwamanzi ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi babhale amaphutha kanye nokwakheka kwe-geological phansi kolwandle. Izinhlelo zokuzindla nge-seismic zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukutadisha ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic nokuqonda ukuguquguquka kwamapuleti oMhlaba.
Imvelo Nokulondolozwa Kwemvelo
Ubuchwepheshe be-acoustic ngaphansi kwamanzi busetshenziswa nasezifundweni zemvelo kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo. Isibonelo, i-sonar eskeniwe eceleni isetshenziselwa ukumaka izindawo zokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi nokuqapha izinguquko zemvelo. Ama-echosounders angasiza ekufundweni kwezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ngokulinganisa i-biomass ekholomu yamanzi. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuphatheni izinsiza zasolwandle kanye nokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Imivubukulo Engaphansi Kwamanzi
Ukuvubukulwa kwangaphansi kwamanzi kusebenzisa imisindo engaphansi kwamanzi ukuthola nokumaka izindawo zokuvubukulwa ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Amaphrofayili e-sonar kanye namaphrofayili angaphansi komhlaba asetshenziswa ukuthola ukuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi, izakhiwo zasendulo, kanye nezinto zobuciko ezigqitshwe ngaphansi kwezihlabathi zasolwandle. Lokhu okutholiwe kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngomlando wesintu kanye namasiko.
Izinselele Nekusasa Lemisindo Engaphansi Kwamanzi
Izici Zemvelo
Izici zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, usawoti, kanye nengcindezi zithinta ukusabalala kwamaza omsindo emanzini. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwenza kube nzima ukulinganiswa nokucubungula idatha . Ukuqonda kahle izimo zemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kuchazwe idatha ngendlela enembile.
Ukungcola Komsindo
Imisebenzi yabantu efana nokuhamba kwemikhumbi, ukubhoboza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolwandle kukhiqiza ukungcoliswa komsindo okungaphazamisa ukulinganiswa kwemisindo futhi kuthinte impilo yasolwandle. Imizamo yokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunobungani nemvelo izoba yinto ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinye Izobuchwepheshe
Ikusasa le-acoustic engaphansi kwamanzi lihilela ukuhlanganiswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe ezifana nama-drone angaphansi kwamanzi (ama-AUV), izinzwa zokubona, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (i-AI). Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuzothuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwedatha futhi kuvumele ukuhlaziywa okujulile.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinzwa Ezithuthukisiwe Kakhulu
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ze-acoustic eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinesisombululo esiphezulu kanye namakhono e-multi-frequency kuzovula amathuba amasha ekuhloleni ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lezi zinzwa zizokwazi ukuthwebula imininingwane ecacile futhi zinikeze isithombe esiphelele sezakhiwo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Isiphetho
Izimiso ze-acoustic ezingaphansi kwamanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezicini ezahlukene ze-geophysics, kusukela ekuhlolweni kukawoyela negesi kuya ezifundweni zemvelo kanye nokuvubukulwa kwasendulo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda kangcono indawo engaphansi kwamanzi, i-acoustic ezingaphansi kwamanzi izoqhubeka nokuba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekufundweni nasekuhlolweni koMhlaba. Ukuqonda kahle lezi zimiso kuzosiza abacwaningi kanye nezimboni ukuthi bathuthukise izindlela eziphumelelayo nezisimeme zokubhekana nezinselele ezibhekene nazo ngaphansi kobuso bolwandle.
