Indlela Inhliziyo Ephampa Ngayo Igazi
Inhliziyo iyinjini eyinhloko yesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi somuntu. Njalo ngomzuzwana, lesi sitho esilingana nesandla sisebenza ngokungakhathali ukujikeleza igazi emzimbeni wonke. Igazi lithwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba liye emangqamuzaneni, kuyilapho lisusa ne-carbon dioxide kanye nokungcola kwe-metabolic ukuze kukhishwe. Ngaphandle kokumpompa okuqhubekayo kwenhliziyo, izitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho, izinso, nesibindi azikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, inhliziyo impompa kanjani igazi?
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo senhliziyo njengephampu
Inhliziyo inamakamelo amane: i-atria amabili kanye nama-ventricle amabili. I-atria yamukela igazi elingena enhliziyweni, kuyilapho ama-ventricle ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. La makamelo amane yilawa:
1. I-atrium yangakwesokudla: ithola igazi "elingcolile" (elinomoya-mpilo ophansi) emzimbeni wonke.
2. I-ventricle yesokudla: ipompa igazi liye emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo.
3. I-atrium yangakwesobunxele: ithola igazi “elihlanzekile” (elicebile nge-oxygen) elivela emaphashini.
4. I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele: ipompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
Phakathi kwala makamelo kukhona ama-valve enhliziyo, asebenza njengeminyango enendlela eyodwa. Aqinisekisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza ngendlela efanele futhi alibuyeli emuva. Ama-valve amakhulu afaka i-valve ye-tricuspid (phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla), i-valve yamaphaphu (eholela emthanjeni wamaphaphu), i-valve ye-mitral/bicuspid (phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokunxele ne-ventricle yangakwesokunxele), kanye ne-valve ye-aortic (eholela e-aorta).
Ngaphezu kwamakamelo nama-valve, inhliziyo inemisipha yenhliziyo eqinile nenwebekayo (i-myocardium). Le misipha iyafinyela ukuze ikhiqize ingcindezi, iphoqe igazi ukuba liphume.
Izindlela ezimbili zokujikeleza kwegazi: zamaphaphu kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba
Indlela inhliziyo esebenza ngayo ingaqondwa njengezifunda ezimbili ezixhumene:
1. Ukujikeleza kwegazi emaphashini (ukujikeleza kwegazi okuncane)
Ithwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini bese libuya futhi. Inhloso yalo ukushintshana ngegesi: ukususa i-carbon dioxide nokungenisa umoya-mpilo.
2. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhlelekile (ukujikeleza kwegazi okukhulu)
Ithwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke libuyele enhliziyweni. Inhloso yalo ukuletha umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezicutshini bese lithwala imfucuza ye-metabolic.
I-ventricle yesokudla isebenza kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwegazi kwamaphaphu, kanti i-ventricle yesobunxele "iyiphampu eyinhloko" yokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni ngoba kumele ikhiqize ingcindezi enkulu ukuze ihambise igazi emzimbeni wonke. Yingakho izindonga ze-ventricle yesokudla zijiyile kuneze-ventricle yesokudla.
Umjikelezo wenhliziyo: isigqi sokufinyela nokuphumula
Iphampu yenhliziyo isebenza ngephethini ephindaphindayo ebizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wenhliziyo, equkethe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
– I-Diastole: inhliziyo iyaphumula futhi amakamelo ayo agcwele igazi.
– I-Systole: inhliziyo iyafinyela futhi ipompe igazi liphume.
I-oda lifana naleli:
1. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Atrial
Igazi elivela emzimbeni lingena ku-atrium yangakwesokudla nge-vena cava, kuyilapho igazi elivela emaphashini lingena ku-atrium yangakwesokunxele ngemithambo yamaphaphu. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ama-valve aphakathi kwe-atria nama-ventricle ayavuleka, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze liye kuma-ventricle.
2. Ukufinyela kwe-atrial (i-atrial systole)
I-atria iyafinyela kancane ukuze "iqede" ukugcwalisa kwe-ventricular. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ventricles agcwaliswe kahle ngaphambi kokuncipha okulandelayo okunamandla.
3. Ukufinyela kwe-Ventricular (i-ventricular systole)
Ama-ventricle aqala ukufinyela. Ama-valve e-tricuspid kanye ne-mitral ayavaleka ukuze kuvinjelwe igazi ukuthi lingaphindeli emuva ku-atria. Bese kuthi, lapho ingcindezi kuma-ventricle isiphezulu ngokwanele, ama-valve e-pulmonary kanye ne-aortic ayavuleka, akhiphe igazi: i-ventricle yesokudla iye emthanjeni wamaphaphu iye emaphashini, kanye ne-ventricle yesobunxele iye e-aorta iye kuwo wonke umzimba.
4. Ukuphumula kwemithambo yegazi (i-ventricular diastole)
Ngemva kokupompa, ama-ventricle ayaphumula. Ukucindezela kuyehla, bese ama-valve e-aorta nama-pulmonary ayavaleka ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi emuva. Bese ama-valve e-tricuspid nama-mitral ayavuleka futhi, kuqale umjikelezo olandelayo.
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo esikuzwayo empeleni kuwumphumela wokuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve kanye nokufinyela kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Umsindo "we-lub-dub" ozwakala ku-stethoscope uhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuvalwa kwama-valve: "lub" lapho ama-valve e-mitral kanye ne-tricuspid evala, kanye "dub" lapho ama-valve e-aortic kanye nama-pulmonary evala.
Uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo: ukulawula isigqi sokupompa
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kahle, inesistimu kagesi yangaphakathi. Lolu hlelo lubonisa ukuthi imisipha kufanele ifinyele nini.
– I-node ye-SA (sinoatrial): evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-pacemaker yemvelo.” Itholakala ku-atrium efanele, i-node ye-SA ikhiqiza i-electric impulse eqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
– I-AV (atrioventricular) node: ithola imizwa evela ku-atrium futhi inikeze ikhefu elifushane ukuze ama-ventricle abe nesikhathi sokugcwalisa ngaphambi kokufinyela.
– Inqwaba yezintambo ze-His ne-Purkinje: idlulisela ama-impulse kuyo yonke imisipha ye-ventricular ukuze kube nokufinyela ngamandla nangesikhathi esifanayo.
Uma lolu hlelo lukagesi luphazamiseka, isigqi senhliziyo singaba esingajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia). Ama-arrhythmia athile anganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokumpompa kwegazi.
Umfutho wegazi kanye nendima yemithambo yegazi
Inhliziyo iyiphampu eyinhloko, kodwa imithambo yegazi nayo ibalulekile ekugcineni ukugeleza kwegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi:
1. Imithambo yegazi: ithwala igazi lisuke enhliziyweni, inezindonga ezijiyile nezinwebekayo ukuze imelane nomfutho ophezulu.
2. Imithambo: ithwala igazi libuyele enhliziyweni, inama-valve okuvimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze libuyele phansi ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
3. Ama-capillary: imithambo emincane kakhulu lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana komoya-mpilo, i-carbon dioxide, kanye nezakhamzimba.
Umfutho wegazi uthonywa amandla okufinyela kwenhliziyo, umthamo wegazi, kanye nokuqina nobubanzi bemithambo yegazi. Uma imithambo yegazi imincane noma iqinile, inhliziyo kumele isebenze kanzima ukuze igcine ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele.
Inhliziyo iphampa igazi elingakanani?
Ekuphumuleni, inhliziyo yomuntu omdala evamile ishaya cishe izikhathi ezingu-60-100 ngomzuzu. Ukushaya ngakunye kupompa umthamo wegazi obizwa ngokuthi umthamo we-stroke. Ukuphindaphinda izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngomthamo we-stroke kuveza umphumela wenhliziyo, inani legazi elipompa ngomzuzu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, umzimba udinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Inhliziyo isabela ngokwandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomthamo wokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuma kwenhliziyo kuyanda kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezicubu ezisebenzayo.
Kungani ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungaba buthaka?
Kunezimo eziningana ezingaphazamisa ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa igazi ngendlela efanele, isibonelo:
– Isifo senhliziyo: imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo iyancipha kangangokuthi imisipha yenhliziyo intula umoya-mpilo.
– Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: inhliziyo ayinamandla ngokwanele ukupompa ngokwezidingo zomzimba.
– Ukuphazamiseka kwama-valve: ama-valve avuzayo noma anciphile ukuze ukugeleza kwegazi kungabi kuhle.
– Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: umfutho wegazi ophezulu wenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele zifaka phakathi ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Uma kuvela izimpawu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uthole usizo lwezokwelapha.
Gcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile ukuze uthole ukupompa okuhle kakhulu
Ukuze inhliziyo igcine igazi liphampa kahle, imikhuba yokuphila enempilo ibalulekile. Ezinye izinyathelo eziwusizo zifaka:
– Yidla ukudla okunempilo, wehlise amafutha e-trans, ushukela owedlulele kanye nosawoti.
– Ukuzivocavoca njalo kwe-aerobic ngokwekhono lakho (isib. ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela ibhayisikili, ukubhukuda).
- Lala ngokwanele futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka.
– Ungabhemi futhi unciphise utshwala.
– Hlola umfutho wegazi, ushukela wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol njalo.
I-Penutup
Inhliziyo ipompa igazi ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ohlelekile wamakamelo ayo, ama-valve ahamba ngendlela eyodwa, imisipha yenhliziyo eqinile, kanye nohlelo lukagesi olulawula isigqi. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okubili—okwamaphaphu kanye nokwesistimu—kuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lihlala lithola umoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini futhi lisakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngokuqonda ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani, singaqaphela kakhudlwana ukubaluleka kokulondoloza impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, njengoba inhliziyo enempilo isho ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni.
