Indlela I-Alveoli Esebenza Ngayo Ekushintsheni Kwegesi
Ama-Alveoli ayizakhiwo ezincane, ezifana nezikhwama emaphashini ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekushintshisaneni kwegesi phakathi kohlelo lokuphefumula lomuntu kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Atholakala ekugcineni kwemigudu yomoya ye-bronchial, ama-alveoli yilapho umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni ungena khona egazini, bese kuthi i-carbon dioxide evela egazini ikhishwe emoyeni ukuze ikhishwe emzimbeni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ama-alveoli enza kanjani lo msebenzi obalulekile.
1. Isakhiwo kanye nendawo ye-Alveoli
Ama-Alveoli ayizakhiwo ezincane, ezifana nesikhwama ezinezindonga ezincane ezakhiwe ungqimba olulodwa lwamaseli e-epithelial angama-squamous. Lezi zindonga ezincane zivumela ukusabalala kwegesi okuphumelelayo kakhulu. Zizungezwe inethiwekhi ebanzi yama-capillary. Iphaphu ngalinye lomuntu liqukethe cishe ama-alveoli ayizigidi ezingu-300, okunikeza indawo enkulu ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwegesi. Sekukonke, ama-alveoli ahlinzeka ngendawo engaphezulu yamamitha-skwele angu-70-100, okulingana nenkundla yethenisi, enkulu ngokwanele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshana kwegesi okuphezulu.
2. Inqubo Yokushintshana Ngegesi E-Alveoli
Ukushintshana kwegesi ku-alveoli kuhilela amagesi amabili ayinhloko: i-oxygen (O2) kanye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2). Le nqubo ingachazwa ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
a. Ukuphefumula Nokumunca Umoya
Uma siphefumula, i-diaphragm kanye nemisipha yangaphandle ye-intercostal iyafinyela, okwenza ukuthi umgodi wesifuba wande kanye nomfutho womoya emaphashini wehle uma kuqhathaniswa nomfutho womoya. Umoya ube usungena emaphashini nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kanye ne-bronchioles uze ufike ku-alveoli.
b. Ukusabalala komoya-mpilo
Umoya ofika ku-alveoli ucebile ngomoya-mpilo. Ku-alveoli, umoya-mpilo uyasakazeka ngezindonga ezincane ze-alveolar uye kuma-capillary egazi. Ama-capillary aseduze kakhulu ne-alveoli, ngakho-ke ibanga lokusabalala lifushane kakhulu, okuvumela umoya-mpilo ukuthi usakazeke ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo egazini.
c. Ukubopha i-oxygen yi-Hemoglobin
Ngemva kokuba umoya-mpilo ususakazeke ungene kuma-capillary, uthathwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi bese ubopha i-hemoglobin, kwakha i-oxyhemoglobin. Ukubopha umoya-mpilo ne-hemoglobin kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela igazi ukuthi lithuthe umoya-mpilo owengeziwe kuwo wonke umzimba. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo bese liphuma emaphashini ngemithambo yamaphaphu bese lithuthwa liye enhliziyweni, bese lipompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba.
d. Ukusabalala kwe-Carbon Dioxide
Nakuba umoya-mpilo usakazeka egazini, i-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana omzimba njengomkhiqizo wokungcola kwe-metabolic isakazeka egazini iye e-alveoli. Le carbon dioxide ivela emangqamuzaneni omzimba futhi ithwalwa ibuyiselwe emaphashini ngegazi elinobuthi. Ama-capillary azungeze i-alveoli aqukethe igazi elicebile nge-carbon dioxide. I-carbon dioxide isakazeka ema-capillary egazi ngezindonga ze-alveoli iye esikhaleni se-alveoli ngoba ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kuphakeme kuma-capillary egazi kunasesikhaleni se-alveoli.
e. Ukuphefumula Nokukhululwa Komoya
Ngemva kokuba i-carbon dioxide isakazeke iye e-alveoli, lo moya ocebile nge-carbon dioxide ube usukhishwa emzimbeni ngenqubo yokukhipha umoya. Ukukhipha umoya kwenzeka lapho i-diaphragm kanye nemisipha ye-intercostal kukhululeka, okubangela ukuthi umgodi wesifuba unciphe futhi umfutho womoya emaphashini ube phezulu kunomfutho womoya. Ngakho-ke, umoya oqukethe i-carbon dioxide ukhishwa emaphashini nge-bronchioles, i-bronchi, kanye ne-trachea.
3. Izici Ezithinta Ukushintshana Kwegesi E-Alveoli
Ukushintshana kwegesi ku-alveoli kungathinteka yizici eziningana. Lezi zici zifaka phakathi izimo zomzimba kanye nezifo ezingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuphefumula.
a. Ukuhlushwa kwegesi
Umehluko ekugxilweni, noma ekulinganisweni kokugxilwa, phakathi komoya-mpilo ku-alveoli kanye nama-capillary egazi uthinta izinga lokusabalala komoya-mpilo. Uma umehluko wokugxilwa umkhulu, umoya-mpilo usabalala ngokushesha. Kunjalo nange-carbon dioxide.
b. Ubukhulu Bodonga Lwe-Alveolar
Iningi lama-alveoli linezindonga ezincane ezenza kube lula ukusabalala kwegesi. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezithile, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis, zingabangela ukuqina kwezindonga ze-alveolar, okuvimbela izinga lokusabalala komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
c. Indawo Yokushintshana Ngegesi
Indawo engaphezulu kwe-alveolar iyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokushintshana kwegesi. Izifo ezifana ne-emphysema zibangela umonakalo kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-alveoli, okunciphisa indawo engaphezulu yokushintshana kwegesi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabalalisa kwegesi.
d. Ukugeleza Kwegazi
Ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele ngemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukugeleza kwegazi kahle kwemithambo yegazi kuvumela ukuthi igazi lithathe umoya-mpilo owanele kanye ne-carbon dioxide eyanele ukuze ithuthwe ibuyele e-alveoli.
e. Ukuphefumula Kwamaphaphu
Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya uqinisekisa ukuthi ama-alveoli agcwele umoya omusha, ogcwele umoya-mpilo futhi kusiza ukususa umoya ogcwele i-carbon dioxide. Izimo ezivimbelayo ezifana ne-asthma noma i-bronchitis engapheli zingaphazamisa umoya wokungenisa umoya futhi zinciphise ukusebenza kahle kokushintshana kwegesi.
4. Izifo Ezithinta Ukushintshana Kwegesi E-Alveoli
Izifo eziningana kanye nezimo zezokwelapha zingathinta ukusebenza kwe-alveolar kanye nokushintshwa kwegesi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
a. I-Emphysema
I-Emphysema uhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD) esibonakala ngokulimala kwezicubu ze-alveolar kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuqina kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni indawo yokushintshana kwegesi kanye nokungena komoya okungekuhle.
b. I-Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
I-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis yisimo esibangela ukuqhekeka kwamaphaphu, ukuqina nokuqina kwezindonga ze-alveolar. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusabalala komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
c. Isifuba somoya
Esifweni se-asthma, imigudu yomoya iyancishiswa futhi ivuvuke, okunciphisa umoya ophuma emaphashini futhi kungaholela ekunciphiseni kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo e-alveoli.
d. I-pneumonia
I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangela ukuvuvukala nokugcwaliswa kwe-alveoli ngoketshezi noma ubomvu, okuvimba ukushintshana kwegesi.
Isiphetho
I-alveoli idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni ebalulekile yokushintshana kwegesi evumela amangqamuzana omzimba ukuthi athole umoya-mpilo odingekayo empilweni futhi akhiphe i-carbon dioxide, umkhiqizo ophumayo we-metabolic. Ukusabalala komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide ngaphakathi kwe-alveoli kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukugcwala kwegesi, ukujiya kodonga lwe-alveolar, indawo engaphezulu, ukugeleza kwegazi, kanye nokuphefumula kwamaphaphu. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-alveoli isebenza kanjani kanye nezici ezithinta ukusebenza kwayo kubalulekile ekuphatheni izimo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha ezingathinta ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nempilo yokuphefumula iyonke.
Ngokugcina impilo yamaphaphu ngendlela yokuphila enempilo, njengokungabhemi, ukuzivocavoca njalo, nokugwema ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya, singasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-alveoli yethu isebenza kahle nangokufanele ekushintshisaneni ngegesi, ngaleyo ndlela isekele impilo engcono kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
