Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Zogesi Kwezokwelapha
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe kwezokwelapha kushintshe kakhulu isimo sezempilo, kwaletha izixazululo ezintsha ezithuthukise ukunemba kokuxilonga, ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa, kanye nokunakekelwa kweziguli. Kusukela kubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe kuya kumadivayisi agqokwayo kanye nokuhlinzwa kwamarobhothi, izinto zobuchwepheshe zenze intuthuko enkulu eyayibhekwa njengendaba yesayensi. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusetshenziswa okunezinhlangothi eziningi kwezinto zobuchwepheshe kwezokwelapha, siqokomisa umthelela wazo kanye namandla azo esikhathi esizayo.
Ukufaniswa kokubona
Enye yeminikelo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-elekthronikhi kwezokwelapha isemkhakheni wezithombe zokuxilonga. Amasu anjenge-X-ray, i-computed tomography (CT) scans, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), kanye ne-ultrasound ancike kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-elekthronikhi.
Ama-X-ray nama-CT Scans
Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-X-ray, okungenye yezindlela zokuqala zokuthwebula izithombe, kusebenzisa amadivayisi kagesi ukukhiqiza izithombe zesakhiwo sangaphakathi somzimba. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukiswe kakhulu ngokufika kwe-X-ray yedijithali, enikeza izithombe ezicacile futhi evumela ukugcinwa nokutholakala kalula. Ama-CT scan, asebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-X-ray nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, anikeza izithombe zomzimba ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene, enikeza imibono eningiliziwe ebalulekile ekuxilongeni izimo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwamathambo kuya kumdlavuza.
I-MRI ne-Ultrasound
I-MRI isebenzisa amasimu anamandla kazibuthe kanye namaza omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yezitho nezicubu. Ama-elekthronikhi ahilelekile emishinini ye-MRI ayinkimbinkimbi, ahlanganisa izingxenye ezilawula amasimu kazibuthe kanye nama-radiofrequency pulses. Ukuthwebula nge-ultrasound kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu kanye nama-transducer kagesi ukuthwebula izithombe ezibukhoma zezakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheni ukukhula kwengane, ekuxilongeni izimo ezicutshini ezithambile, nasekuqondiseni izinqubo ezahlukene zezokwelapha.
Amadivayisi Okwelapha
Izinto ze-elekthronikhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamadivayisi okwelapha aguqule imiphumela yokunakekelwa kweziguli kanye nokwelashwa.
Ama-Pacemaker nama-Defibrillator
Ama-pacemaker kanye nama-cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) angamadivayisi kagesi aphatha futhi alungise ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri, ama-microelectronics, kanye nezinto ezihambisana ne-bio zenze la madivayisi abe mancane, athembeke kakhudlwana, futhi asebenza kahle kakhudlwana.
Izimila ze-Cochlear
Izimila ze-cochlear zinikeza umuzwa womsindo kubantu abayizithulu noma abanenkinga yokuzwa kakhulu. Lawa madivayisi aqukethe izingxenye zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ezisebenzisana ukuguqula imisindo ibe yizimpawu zikagesi, ezivuselela inzwa yokuzwa. Lesi simangaliso se-elekthronikhi senze abantu abaningi bakwazi ukuzibandakanya ngokugcwele nomhlaba obazungezile.
Amapompo we-Insulin
Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, amaphampu e-insulin kagesi anikeza ukufakwa kwe-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo, okunikeza ukulawula okungcono kwe-glucose egazini kunemijovo eyenziwa ngesandla. Lawa madivayisi angahlelwa futhi angalungisa ukulethwa kwe-insulin ngokusekelwe ekuqapheni kwe-glucose ngesikhathi sangempela.
Iziqaphi Zezempilo Ezigqokekayo
Izinto zikagesi ezigqokwayo seziyingxenye ebalulekile yezempilo yesimanje, okwenza kube nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwemingcele ehlukahlukene yomzimba.
Ama-Smartwatches nama-Fitness Trackers
Ama-smartwatch amaningi kanye nama-tracker okuqina komzimba afakwe ama-monitor okushaya kwenhliziyo, ama-accelerometer, kanye ne-GPS ukulandelela umsebenzi womzimba, amaphethini okulala, kanye nempilo iyonke. Lawa madivayisi anikeza abasebenzisi idatha eningi, engabiwa nabahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze bathole ukuphathwa kwezempilo okunolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Ama-Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs)
Ama-CGM angamadivayisi agqokwayo alinganisa amazinga kashukela ngesikhathi sangempela, ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela ukuze ziphathe isimo sazo ngendlela efanele. Lezi zinhlelo ziqukethe inzwa encane elinganisa amazinga kashukela kuketshezi oluphakathi nendawo kanye nomthumeli othumela idatha kudivayisi yokubonisa.
I-ECG Monitors
Izikrini ze-ECG eziphathekayo zivumela ukulandelela okuqhubekayo komsebenzi wenhliziyo, okuvumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwe-arrhythmias nezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Lawa madivayisi angadlulisela idatha kubahlinzeki bezempilo, okwenza kube lula ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kudingeka.
Ukuhlinza nge-Robotic
Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi kumelela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zikagesi, amarobhothi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, okunikeza ukunemba nokulawula okungaphezu kwamandla omuntu.
Uhlelo Lokuhlinzwa lwe-Da Vinci
Uhlelo Lokuhlinza i-Da Vinci mhlawumbe luyipulatifomu yokuhlinza yerobhothi eyaziwa kakhulu. Luqukethe izingalo zerobhothi ezihlonyiswe ngamathuluzi okuhlinza kanye nekhamera ye-3D enencazelo ephezulu, konke kulawulwa udokotela ohlinzayo ovela ku-console. Lolu hlelo luvumela izinqubo ezingangenisi kakhulu ngokunemba okuphezulu, izikhathi zokululama ezincishisiwe, kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa.
Amarobhothi Okuhlinza Azimele
Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi okuhlinza azimele angenza imisebenzi ethile ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu okuningi. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kuthembisa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuhlinza.
Imithi ehanjiswa
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obuhlanganiswe namadivayisi kagesi kuvule indlela yezokwelapha ngocingo, okuvumela ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kweziguli kude.
Ukubonisana Remote
Amadivayisi kagesi afana nama-smartphone, amaphilisi, kanye namapulatifomu azinikele ezokwelapha ngocingo enza kube lula ukubonisana ngevidiyo phakathi kweziguli nabahlinzeki bezempilo. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokuvakasha ngokomzimba, okwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufinyeleleke kalula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasezindaweni ezikude noma ezinganakekelwa kahle.
Ukuqapha okude
Iziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona zingaqashwa kude ngamadivayisi kagesi alandelela izimpawu ezibalulekile kanye nezinye izinkomba zempilo. Idatha eqoqwe yilawa madivayisi idluliselwa kubahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze baqaphe njalo futhi bangenelele ngesikhathi.
Ucwaningo Nentuthuko Yezokwelapha
I-elekthronikhi iphinde yasheshisa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Ilebhu-ku-Chip
Amadivayisi e-lab-on-a-chip ahlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi yelabhorethri ku-chip eyodwa, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo nokungabizi kwamasampula amancane oketshezi. Lawa madivayisi kagesi abalulekile ekuxilongweni, ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi, kanye nocwaningo lwe-genomics.
I-Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Ubuchwepheshe be-MEMS buhlanganisa izinto ezincane ze-electronics kanye nezakhi zemishini ukudala amadivayisi amancane anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisukela ekulethweni kwemithi kuya kuma-biosensor. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kuvula indlela yezokwelapha ezinembile kakhulu neziqondene nomuntu ngamunye.
I-Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
Ama-BCI ayizinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezivumela ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kobuchopho namadivayisi angaphandle. Lobu buchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu buthembisa ukubuyisela ukunyakaza kubantu abakhubazekile, ukulawula izitho zokufakelwa, kanye nokwelapha izifo zezinzwa.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zikagesi kwezokwelapha kukhulu futhi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, okuqhuba intuthuko enkulu ekunakekelweni kweziguli, ukunemba kokuxilonga, kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zikagesi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokungangabazeki kuzovula imingcele emisha kwisayensi yezokwelapha, kunikeze ithemba nokwelashwa kwezimo eziningi ezazibhekwa njengezingelapheki ngaphambili. Ikusasa lezokwelapha, eliqiniswe yizinto zikagesi, lithembisa inkathi entsha yokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe.
