fisiks

Ho fumana mokhoa oa ho eketsa bokhoni ba enjene ea mocheso , rasaense oa Lefora ea bitsoang Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) o ile a hlahloba mochini o loketseng oa lik'hilojule ka 1824. Ka nako eo, molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o ne o e-so qaptjoe, kapa molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. Molao oa pele ha o so qaptjoe hobane bo-rasaense ha ba e-so tsebe hore mocheso ke matla. Kamora hore Joule le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba leke liteko lilemong tsa bo-1830, bo-rasaense ba ile ba fumana hore mocheso ke matla a tsamaeang ka lebaka la liphapang tsa mocheso. Kahoo, molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o ile oa qaptjoa ka mor'a 1830. Sadi Carnot o ne a ntse a batlisisa enjene e loketseng ea lik'hilojule ka 1824. Patlisiso ea hae e ne e hlile e le ho eketsa bokhoni ba enjene ea mouoane. Lienjene tse ngata tsa mouoane tsa nako eo li ne li sa sebetse hantle.

Bala haholoanyane

Ho hlalosa mekhoa ea thermodynamic e ke keng ea fetoloa, bo-rasaense ba ile ba theha molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. Molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics o hlalosa hore na ke mekhoa efe e ka etsahalang bokahohleng le hore na ke mekhoa efe e ke keng ea etsahala. Rasaense e mong ea bitsoang RJE Clausius (1822-1888) o entse polelo e latelang:

Ka tlhaho, mocheso o tloha linthong tse mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse mocheso o tlase; ka tlhaho, mocheso ha o tsoele pele ho tloha linthong tse mocheso o tlase ho ea linthong tse mocheso o phahameng (Molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics—polelo ea Clausius).

Polelo ea Clausius ke e 'ngoe ea lipolelo tse ikhethang tsa molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. E bitsoa polelo e khethehileng hobane e sebetsa ts'ebetsong e le 'ngoe feela, e amanang le phetisetso ea mocheso. Kaha polelo ena ha e amane le lits'ebetso tse ling, re hloka polelo e akaretsang haholoanyane. Nts'etsopele ea polelo e akaretsang ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics e thehiloe thutong ea lienjine tsa mocheso. Ka hona, re buisana ka mocheso oa enjine pele.

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Mekhoa ea Thermodynamic ea Sehlooho: Isothermal Adiabatic Isochoric Isobaric

Ho na le ditsamaiso tse nne tsa thermodynamic, e leng ditsamaiso tsa Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric le adiabatic.

Mokhoa oa Isothermal (mocheso o sa fetoheng)

Mokgweng wa isothermal, mocheso wa sistimi o dula o tsitsitse. Ka kgopolo, sistimi e sekasekilweng ke kgase e loketseng. Mocheso o loketseng wa kgase o lekana ka ho toba le eneji e loketseng ya kgase ya ka hare (U = 3/2 n RT). T ha e fetohe, kahoo U le yona ha e fetohe. Kahoo, haeba e sebediswa tshebetsong ya isothermal, molao wa pele wa equation ya thermodynamic e ba:

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Ts'ebetso ea Thermodynamic

Mocheso (Q) ke matla a tsamayang ho tloha nthong e 'ngoe ho ea ho e 'ngoe ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso. Mabapi le litsamaiso le tikoloho, mocheso ke matla a tsamaeang ho tloha tsamaisong ho ea tikolohong kapa matla a tsamaeang ho tloha tikolohong ho ea tsamaisong, ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso. Haeba mocheso oa sistimi o phahame ho feta mocheso oa tikoloho, mocheso o tla phalla ho tloha tsamaisong ho ea tikolohong. Haeba mocheso oa tikoloho o phahame ho feta mocheso oa sistimi, joale mocheso o phalla ho tloha tikolohong ho ea tsamaisong.

Mocheso (Q) ke matla a tsamayang ka lebaka la phapang ya mocheso, athe mosebetsi (W) o amana le phetiso ya matla ka mosebetsi. Mohlala, haeba sistimi e sebetsa tikolohong, matla a tloha tsamaisong ho ya tikolohong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba tikoloho e sebetsa tsamaisong, matla a tloha tikolohong ho ya tsamaisong.

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