Ho hlalosa mekhoa ea thermodynamic e ke keng ea fetoloa, bo-rasaense ba ile ba theha molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. Molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics o hlalosa hore na ke mekhoa efe e ka etsahalang bokahohleng le hore na ke mekhoa efe e ke keng ea etsahala. Rasaense e mong ea bitsoang RJE Clausius (1822-1888) o entse polelo e latelang:
Ka tlhaho, mocheso o tloha linthong tse mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse mocheso o tlase; ka tlhaho, mocheso ha o tsoele pele ho tloha linthong tse mocheso o tlase ho ea linthong tse mocheso o phahameng (Molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics—polelo ea Clausius).
Polelo ea Clausius ke e 'ngoe ea lipolelo tse ikhethang tsa molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. E bitsoa polelo e khethehileng hobane e sebetsa ts'ebetsong e le 'ngoe feela, e amanang le phetisetso ea mocheso. Kaha polelo ena ha e amane le lits'ebetso tse ling, re hloka polelo e akaretsang haholoanyane. Nts'etsopele ea polelo e akaretsang ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics e thehiloe thutong ea lienjine tsa mocheso. Ka hona, re buisana ka mocheso oa enjine pele.
Enjene ea Mocheso
Bongata ba matla ao re a sebelisang a tsoa ho matla a lik'hemik'hale a ka sebelisoang peteroleng, khase, mashaleng. Matla a lik'hemik'hale a ka sebelisoang ka ho toba a tlameha ho chesoa pele. Hangata, ho chesoa ha mafura a khale (oli, khase le mashala) ho hlahisa mocheso. Mocheso o ka sebelisoa ka ho toba ho pheha lijo, ho futhumatsa kamore. Ho tsamaisa ntho e itseng (joalo ka ho tsamaisa koloi), re tlameha ho fetola mocheso hore e be matla a kinetic kapa matla a mechini (matla a mechini = matla a ka bang teng + matla a kinetic).
Sesebelisoa se sebelisang mocheso ho etsa mosebetsi se ile sa sibolloa ka 1700. E ne e le enjene ea mouoane. Enjene ea mouoane e ile ea sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ho pompa metsi morafong oa mashala.
Tšebeliso ea lienjine tsa mouoane ke hobane mouoane o ka tsamaisa lintho. Lienjine tsa mouoane li kenyelletsa enjine ea mocheso (enjine ea mocheso ke sesebelisoa sa ho fetola mocheso hore e be matla a mechini). Hona joale enjine ea mouoane e sebelisoa ho hlahisa matla a motlakase. Lienjine tsa mocheso tsa sejoale-joale ke lienjine tsa ho chesa ka hare tse kang lienjine tsa likoloi, lienjine tsa lithuthuthu, jj.
Khopolo ea motheo ka mor'a tšebeliso ea lienjene tsa mocheso ke hore ho futhumatsa ho ka fetoloa matla a mechini haeba mocheso o lumelloa ho phalla ho tloha mochesong o phahameng ho ea mochesong o tlase. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, mocheso o mong o fetoloa matla a mechini (mocheso o mong o sebelisetsoa ho etsa mosebetsi), mocheso o mong o ntšoa libakeng tse nang le mocheso o tlase. Ts'ebetso ea ho fetola sebopeho sa matla le phetisetso ea matla enjeneng ea mocheso e shebahala joalo ka setšoantšo sena.
Mocheso o phahameng (T)H) le mocheso o tlase (TL) di bitswa mocheso o sebetsang wa mochini. QH ke mocheso o phallang ho tloha mochesong o phahameng, athe QL mocheso o phalla ho ea sebakeng se nang le mocheso o tlase. Ha mocheso o phalla ho tloha mochesong o phahameng ho ea mochesong o tlase, mocheso o itseng o fetoloa matla a mechini (a sebelisoang ho sebetsa), mocheso o mong o lahleloa e le QLMocheso oohle o ke ke oa fetoloa mosebetsi (W), kamehla ho na le mocheso o lokolloang (QLKahoo, ho latela paballo ea matla, QH = Bophara + BopharaL.
Ho na le dienjene tse 'maloa tsa mocheso, ho kenyeletsoa dienjene tsa mouoane le dienjene tsa ho chesa ka hare.
SteamEngine
Lienjene tsa mouoane li sebelisa mouoane oa metsi e le mokhoa oa phetisetso ea mocheso. Mouoane ke mokelikeli o sebetsang. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lienjene tsa mouoane: lienjene tsa mouoane tse fapanyetsanang le lienjene tsa mouoane tsa turbine. Moralo oa enjene ena o fapane, empa mefuta ena e 'meli ea lienjene tsa mouoane e sebelisa mouoane o futhumatsoang ka ho chesa oli, khase, mashala kapa ho sebelisa matla a nyutlelie.
Lienjiniere tsa ka hare tsa mollo
Lienjene tsa lithuthuthu le lienjene tsa likoloi ke mehlala ea lienjene tsa ho chesa ka hare. Li bitsoa enjene ea ho chesa ka hare hobane ts'ebetso ea ho chesa e etsahala ka har'a li-cylinder tse koetsoeng. Boteng ba enjene ea ho chesa ka hare ke phello ea mohopolo oa boenjiniere oa khatello le katoloso ea adiabatic.
Bokgoni ba Enjene ea Mocheso
Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso (e) ke papiso pakeng tsa mosebetsi (W) o etswang ke mochini ka ho kenya mocheso mochesong o phahameng (Q H ).
W ke phaello e amohetsoeng, ha Q H e le litšenyehelo tse bakoang ke ho reka le ho chesa mafura. Jwalo ka batho ba lulang ba batla ho fumana phaello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa le litšenyehelo tse nyane ka ho fetisisa, re tšepa hore keketseho ea phaello (W) e lekana le litšenyehelo tseo re li sebelisang (Q H ). Na ho ka etsahala?
Ho latela paballo ea matla, mocheso (Q H ) o lokela ho lekana le mosebetsi (W) + mocheso o ntšitsoeng (Q L ).
Kenya W ho equation ea 1 ka W ho equation ea 2
Ena ke equation ea katleho ea enjene ea mocheso.
Potso ea 1:
Enjene ea mocheso e monya mocheso oa 3000 Joules (Q H ), e sebetsa (W) 'me e tlosa mocheso oa 2500 Joules (Q L ). Bala katleho ea mocheso oa enjene.
tharollo
Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso = 17%.
Potso ea 2:
Enjene ea mocheso e monya mocheso oa 3000 Joule (Q H ), ea sebetsa (W) 'me e tlosa mocheso oa 2000 Joule (Q L ). Bala katleho ea enjene ea mocheso.
tharollo
Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso = 34%.
Potso ea 3:
Enjene ea mocheso e monya li-Joules tse 3000 tsa mocheso (Q H ), ea sebetsa (W) 'me e lahla li-Joules tse fihlang ho tse 1500 tsa mocheso (Q L ). Bala bokhoni ba enjene ea mocheso?
tharollo
Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso = 50%.
