Khopolo-taba ea Kinetic ea likhase le molao oa pele oa thermodynamics - mathata le litharollo
1. Dikhase tse loketseng di ka hara setshelo se nang le bophahamo ba dilithara tse 4 mme kgatello ya sona ke 3 atm (1 atm = 10 5 Nm -2 ). Dikhase tse loketseng di futhumatswa ka kgatello e sa fetoheng ho tloha ho 27 o C ho isa ho 87 o C. Bokgoni ba mocheso ba kgase ke 9 JK -1 . Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba dikhase le phetoho ya matla a ka hare a dikhase ke bofe?
tharollo
Ts'ebetso ea Isobaric (khatello e sa khaotseng)
Tse tsejoang:
Bophahamo ba pele ba khase (V 1 ) = lilithara tse 4
Mocheso oa pele oa khase (T 1 ) = 27 o C + 273 = 300 K
Mocheso oa ho qetela oa khase (T 2 ) = 87 o C + 273 = 360 K
Khatello ea khase (P) = 3 atm = 3 x 10 5 Nm -2
Bokgoni ba mocheso ba khase (C) = 9 JK -1
Ho batloa: Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase (V 2 ) le phetoho ea matla a ka hare a khase (ΔU)
Tharollo:
Fumana bophahamo ba ho qetela o sebedisa equation ya molao wa Charles (tshebetso ya isobaric kapa kgatello e sa kgaotseng):
Phetoho ea molumo:
Litara e le 1 = 0.001 m 3
Bophahamo ba pele (V 1 ) = 4 (0.001 m 3 ) = 0.004 m 3
Bolumo ba ho qetela (V 2 ) = 4.8 (0.001 m 3 ) = 0.0048 m 3
Phetoho ea bophahamo ba modumo (ΔV) = V 2 – V 1 = 0.0048 m 3 – 0.004 m 3 = 0.008 m 3.
Phetoho mochesong:
Phetoho mochesong (ΔT) = T 2 – T 1 = 360 K – 300 K = 60 K
Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare (ΔU) a khase e loketseng u sebelisa equation ea molao oa pele oa thermodynamics.
ΔU = Q – W
ΔU = phetoho ea matla a ka hare, Q = mocheso, W = mosebetsi
Fumana mosebetsi (W) ka khatello e sa khaotseng:
W = P ΔV = (3 x 10 5 )(0.0008) = (3 x 10 1 )(8) = (30)(8) = 240 Joule
Fumana mocheso (Q) o sebedisa equation ya bokgoni ba mocheso (C):
C = Q / ΔT
Q = (C) (ΔT) = (9) (60) = 540 Joules
Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare:
ΔU = Q – W = 540 Joule – 240 Joule = 300 Joule.
2. Lilithara tse 6 tsa likhase tse loketseng ho 2 atm li ka setshelong (1 atm = 10 5 Nm -2 ). Khase e futhumatsoa ho tloha ho 27 o C ho isa ho 77 o C ka khatello e sa fetoheng. Haeba matla a mocheso a khase e le 5 JK -1 , bophahamo ba ho qetela le phetoho ea matla a ka hare a khase ke bofe.
Tharollo:
Ts'ebetso ea Isobaric (khatello e sa khaotseng)
Tse tsejoang:
Bophahamo ba pele ba likhase tse loketseng (V 1 ) = lilithara tse 6
Mocheso oa pele oa likhase tse loketseng (T 1 ) = 27 o C + 273 = 300 K
Mocheso oa ho qetela oa likhase tse loketseng (T 2 ) = 77 o C + 273 = 350 K
Khatello ea likhase tse loketseng (P) = 2 atm = 2 x 10 5 Nm -2
Bokgoni ba mocheso ba dikhase (C) = 5 JK -1
Ho batloa: Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase (V 2 ) le phetoho ea matla a ka hare a khase (ΔU)
Tharollo:
Fumana bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase u sebelisa equation ea molao oa Charles (ts'ebetso ea isobaric kapa khatello e sa khaotseng):
Phetoho ea molumo:
Litara e le 1 = 0.001 m 3
Bolumo ba pele (V 1 ) = 6 (0.001 m 3 ) = 0.006 m 3
Bolumo ea ho qetela (V 2 ) = 7 (0.001 m 3 ) = 0.007 m 3
Phetoho ea bophahamo ba modumo (ΔV) = V 2 – V 1 = 0.007 m 3 – 0.006 m 3 = 0.001 m 3
Phetoho mochesong:
Phetoho mochesong (ΔT) = T 2 – T 1 = 350 K – 300 K = 50 K
Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare (ΔU) a likhase tse loketseng u sebelisa equation ea molao oa pele oa thermodynamics.
ΔU = Q – W
ΔU = phetoho ea matla a ka hare, Q = mocheso, W = mosebetsi
Fumana mosebetsi (W) ka khatello e sa khaotseng:
W = P ΔV = (2 x 10 5 )(0.001) = (2 x 10 2 )(1) = (200)(1) = 200 Joule
Fumana mocheso (Q) o sebedisa equation ya bokgoni ba mocheso (C):
C = Q / ΔT
Q = (C) (ΔT) = (5) (50) = 250 Joules
Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare:
ΔU = Q – W = 250 Joule – 200 Joule = 50 Joule.
- Likhopolo-taba tsa mantlha tsa khopolo-taba ea kinetic ea likhase ke life?
- Araba: Khopolo-taba ea kinetic ea likhase e nka hore: (a) Likhase li entsoe ka palo e kholo ea likaroloana tse nyane tse tsamaeang ka mokhoa o sa reroang kamehla; (b) Likaroloana tsena li arohane haholo ha li bapisoa le boholo ba tsona; (c) Ho thulana pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa khase, kapa pakeng tsa karoloana le mabota a setshelo sa eona, hoa tenyetseha (ke hore, ha ho na matla a kinetic a lahlehang); (d) Ha ho na matla a limolek'hule pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa khase; le (e) Matla a kinetic a karolelano a likaroloana tsa khase a lekana ka ho toba le mocheso o felletseng oa khase.
- Matla a tloaelehileng a kinetic a limolek'hule tsa khase a amana joang le mocheso oa khase?
- Araba: Karolelano ea matla a kinetic a limolek'hule tsa khase e lekana ka ho toba le mocheso o felletseng (ho Kelvin) oa khase. Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, karolelano ea matla a kinetic a limolek'hule le eona ea eketseha.
- Bohlokoa ba lefela le feletseng ke bofe mabapi le motsamao oa limolek'hule?
- Araba: Lefela le feletseng (0 Kelvin) ke mocheso oo motsamao oohle oa limolek'hule o emang ho oona. O emela mocheso o tlase ka ho fetisisa moo ho seng letho le ka bang batang haholo 'me ho se na matla a mocheso a setseng nthong.
- Molao oa pele oa thermodynamics ke ofe mabapi le matla a ka hare, mocheso le mosebetsi?
- Araba: Molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o bolela hore phetoho matleng a ka hare a sistimi e lekana le mocheso o ekelitsoeng tsamaisong ntle le mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi tikolohong ea eona: ΔU = Q – W.
- Mokhoeng oa isochoric, ho etsahala'ng ka mosebetsi o etsoang ke kapa o etsoang tsamaisong?
- Araba: Mokgweng wa isochoric, modumo o dula o tsitsitse. Kahoo, ha ho mosebetsi o etswang ke sistimi kapa hodima yona, kaha mosebetsi maemong a jwalo o fanwa ke mosebetsi wa kgatello-bophahamo, e leng lefela haeba modumo o sa fetohe.
- Ho bolela'ng ha re re khase e "loketseha"?
- Araba: Khase e "loketseng" ke e latelang molao o loketseng wa khase (PV = nRT) tlasa maemo ohle a mocheso le kgatello. Hape ho bolela hore khase e latela di-postulates tsa khopolo-taba ya kinetic ka botlalo, ntle le matla a dimolekhule le dikgohlano tse tenyetsehang ka ho phethahetseng.
- Likhase tsa 'nete li fapana joang le boitšoaro ba likhase tse ntle?
- Araba: Likhase tsa 'nete li fapana le boitšoaro bo botle khatellong e phahameng le mochesong o tlase. Sena se bakoa ke boteng ba matla a limolek'hule le boholo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba limolek'hule tsa khase. Liphapang li hlalosoa ke equation ea van der Waals le li-equation tse ling tse tšoanang.
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Ke hobane'ng ha molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o ka nkoa e le molao oa paballo?
- Araba: Molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o ka nkoa e le molao oa paballo hobane o bolela hore matla a ke ke a bōptjoa kapa a timetsoa, a fetisetsoa feela kapa a fetoloa ho tloha sebopehong se seng ho ea ho se seng. Sena se bonahatsa molao-motheo oa paballo ea matla.
