Mocheso le mocheso - mathata le litharollo

Mocheso le mocheso - mathata le litharollo

1. Ho thermometer X, ntlha ea ho hoama ea metsi ho -30 ^oz le ntlha ea ho belisa ea metsi ho 90 ^oz . 60 ^oz X = ….. ^o C.

Tse tsejoang:

Sebaka sa ho hoama sa metsi = -30 ^o

Ntlha ea ho belisa ea metsi = 90 ^oz

Ho batloa: 60 ^o X = ….. ^o C

Tharollo:

Ka tekanyo ea Fahrenheit, ntlha ea ho hoama ea metsi ke 32^oF 'me ntlha ea ho belisa ea metsi ke 212^oF. Pakeng tsa ntlha ea ho hoama le ntlha ea ho belisa, 212^o - 32^o = 180^o.

Ka tekanyo ea Celsius, ntlha ea ho hoama ea metsi ke 0^oC 'me ntlha ea ho belisa ea metsi ke 100^oC. Pakeng tsa ntlha ea ho hoama le ntlha ea ho belisa, 100^o - 0^o = 100^o.

Ka sekaleng sa X, ntlha ea ho hoama ea metsi ke -30^oX 'me ntlha ea ho belisa ea metsi ke 90^oX. Pakeng tsa ntlha ea ho hoama le ntlha ea ho belisa, 90^o – (-30^o= 90^o + 30^o = 120^o.

Fetola sekala sa X ho ea ho sekala sa Celsius:

Keketseho ea mocheso

2. Thupa ea tšepe e futhumatsoa ho tloha ho 30^oE kholo C 80^oC. Bolelele ba ho qetela ba molamu ke Cm 115. Coefficient ea katoloso e otlolohileng is 3.10^{-3 o}C^-1. Bolelele ba pele ba molamu oa tšepe ke bofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Mocheso oa pele (T₁= 30^oC

Mocheso oa ho qetela (T₂= 80^oC

Phetoho mochesong (ΔT) = 80^oC - 30^oEA-50-C^oC

Koefficient ea katoloso e otlolohileng (α) = 3.10^{-3 o}C^-1

Bolelele ba ho qetela ba tšepe (L) = 115 cm

Ho batloa: Bolelele ba pele ba molamu oa tšepe (L_o)

Tharollo:

Tekanyo ea katoloso e otlolohileng:

L = L_o + ΔL

L = L_o + α L_o ΔT

L = L_o (1 + α ΔT)

115 = L_o (1 + 3.10^-3.50)

115 = L_o (1 + 150.10^-3)

115 = L_o (1 + 0.15)

115 = L_o (1.15)

L_o = 115/1.15

L_o = 100 XNUMX cm

3. Bolelele ba pele ba thupa ea koporo ke Cm 40. Kamora ho futhumatsa, bolelele ba ho qetela ba koporo ke 40.04 cm mme mocheso oa ho qetela ke 80^oC. Haeba coefficient ea katoloso e otlolohileng ea koporo e le 2.0: x 10^{-5 o}C^-1, mocheso oa pele oa molamu oa koporo ke ofe.

Tse tsejoang:

Mocheso oa ho qetela (T₂= 80^oC

Bolelele ba pele (L_o) = 40 cm

Bolelele ba ho qetela (L) = 40.04 cm

Keketseho ea bolelele (ΔL) = 40.04 cm – 40 cm = 0.04 cm

Koefficient ea katoloso e otlolohileng (α) = 2.0 x 10^{-5 o}C^-1

Tharollo: Mocheso oa pele (T₁)

Tharollo;

Tekanyo ea katoloso e otlolohileng:

L = L_o + α L_o ΔT

L – L_o = α L_o ΔT

ΔL = α L_o ΔT

ΔL = α L_o (T₂ - T₁)

0.04 = (2.0 x 10 ^-5 )(40)(80 – T ₁ )

0..04 = (80 x 10^-5)(80 – T₁)

0.04 = 0.0008 (80 – T ₁ )

0.04 = 0.064 – 0.0008 T ₁

0..0008 T₁ = 0.064 - 0.040

0.0008 T ₁ = 0.024

T ₁ = 30 ^o C

Phetisetso ea mocheso

4. Lithupa tse peli tsa tšepe tse nang le boholo bo tšoanang empa li fapane, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase. Ho khanna ha mocheso oa tšepe I = makhetlo a 4 ho khanna ha mocheso oa tšepe II. Mocheso o pakeng tsa litšepe ka bobeli ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Boholo ba lithupa ka bobeli boa tšoana.

Ho khanna ha mocheso oa tšepe I = 4k

Ho khanna ha mocheso oa tšepe II = k

Mocheso oa pheletso e 'ngoe ea tšepe I = 50⁰ C

Mocheso oa pheletso e 'ngoe ea tšepe II = 0⁰ C

Oa Batla: Mocheso o pakeng tsa lithupa tse peli tsa tšepe

Tharollo:

Tekanyo ea ho khanna mocheso:

Q/t = sekhahla sa ho tsamaisa mocheso, k = conductivity e chesang, A = sebaka se nang le karolo e tšekaletseng, T₁-T₂ = phetoho ea mocheso, l = bolelele ba molamu.

Mocheso o pakeng tsa melamu ka bobeli:

Mocheso bohareng ba lithupa tse peli tsa tšepe ke 40^oC.

5.

(1) Ho tsamaisa motlakase ha tšepe

(2) Phapang ea mocheso

(3) Bolelele ba tšepe

(4) Boima ba tšepe

Mabaka a etsang qeto ea sekhahla sa ho khanna mocheso litšepeng ke…..

Tharollo:

Ho latela equation ea ho tsamaisa mocheso, lintlha tse khethollang sekhahla sa ho tsamaisa mocheso litšepeng ke ho tsamaisa mocheso ha tšepe (k), phapang ea mocheso (T) le bolelele ba tšepe (l).

6. Lithupa tse peli tsa boholo bo lekanang empa li fapane, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase. Ho tsamaisa mocheso oa thupa P ho feta ho tsamaisa mocheso oa thupa Q ka makhetlo a 2. Mocheso o pakeng tsa lithupa ka bobeli ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Lithupa ka bobeli li na le boholo bo lekanang.

Ho khanna ha molamu ka mocheso P (k)_P) = 2k

Ho khanna ha mocheso oa molamu Q (k)_Q) = k

Oa Batla: Mocheso o pakeng tsa melamu ka bobeli

Tharollo:

Tekanyo ea ho khanna mocheso:

Q/t = sekhahla sa ho tsamaisa mocheso, k = conductivity e chesang, A = sebaka se nang le karolo e tšekaletseng, T₁-T₂ = phetoho ea mocheso, l = bolelele ba molamu.

Mocheso bohareng ba lithupa ka bobeli:

Molao-motheo o motšo

8. Ligrama tse 100 tsa oli ho 20^oTšepe ea C le ea ligrama tse 50 ho 75 ^oLi-C li kenngoa ka har'a setshelo sa tšepe sa ligrama tse 200. Keketseho ea mocheso oa setshelo ke 5^oC 'me mocheso o itseng oa oli ke 0.43 cal/g ^oC. Mocheso o itseng oa tšepe ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Boima ba setshelo sa tšepe (m) = 200 gr

Mocheso oa pele oa setshelo sa tšepe (T)₁) = mocheso oa oli = 20^oC

Mocheso oa ho qetela oa setshelo sa tšepe (T)₂= 20^oC + 5^oEA-25-C^oC

Boima ba oli (m) = 100 grams

Mocheso o itseng oa oli (c_oli) = 0.43 cal/g ^oC

Mocheso oa pele oa oli (T)₁= 20^oC

Mocheso oa ho qetela oa oli (T)₂= 20^oC + 5^oEA-25-C^oC

Boima ba tšepe (m) = 50 dikgerama

Mocheso oa pele oa oli (T)₁= 75^oC

Mocheso oa ho qetela oa oli (T)₂= 25^oC

Ho batloa: Mocheso o itseng oa tšepe (c tšepe)

Tharollo:

Mocheso o lokolloang ke tšepe:

Q = mc ΔT = (50)(c)(75-25) = (50)(c)(50) = 2500c khalori

Mocheso o monngoang ke setshelo sa tšepe:

Q = mc ΔT = (200)(c)(25-20) = (200)(c)(5) = 1000c khalori

Mocheso o monngoang ke oli:

Q = mc ΔT = (100)(0.43)(25-20) = (43)(5) = dikhalori tse 215

Molao-motheo o motsho o bolela hore tsamaisong e arohaneng, mocheso o ntshwang ke ntho e chesang haholoanyane, o monngoa ke ntho e pholileng.

Ho lokolloa ha Q = ho monngoa ha Q

2500c = 1000c + 215

2500c – 1000c = 215

1500c = 215

c = 215/1500

c = 0.143 cal/g ^oC

9. Metsi a digrama tse 200 ho 20°C a bewa leqhoeng la digrama tse 50 ho -2°C. Haeba phetoho ya mocheso e le pakeng tsa metsi le leqhoa, mocheso wa ho qetela wa motswako ke ofe? Mocheso o ikgethang wa metsi ke 1 cal/gr°C, mocheso o ikgethang wa leqhoa ke 0.5 cal/gr°C, mocheso wa ho kopanya leqhoa ke 80 cal/gr.

Tse tsejoang:

Boima ba metsi (m_metsi) = digrama tse 200

Thempereichara ea metsi (T)_metsi= 20^oC

Mocheso o itseng oa metsi (c_metsi) = 1 cal/gr°C

Boima ba leqhoa (m_Leqhoa) = digrama tse 50

Thempereichara ea leqhoa (T)_Leqhoa) = -2^oC

Mocheso o itseng oa leqhoa (c_Leqhoa) = 0.5 cal/gr°C

Mocheso oa ho kopana ha leqhoa (L) = 80 cal/gr

Tharollo:

Mocheso o eketsa leqhoa ho tloha ho -2^oC ho 0^oC:

Q = mc ΔT

Q = (50 gram)(0.5 cal/gr°C)(0^oC – (-2)^oC))

Q = (50)(0.5 cal)(2)

Q = lik'hilojule tse 50

Mocheso bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa leqhoa lohle:

Q = m L = (ligrama tse 50)(80 cal/gram) = lik'hilojule tse 4000

Mocheso bakeng sa ho fokotsa mocheso oa metsi ohle ho tloha ho 20^oC ho 0^oC:

Q = mc ΔT

Q = (200 gram)(1 cal/gr°C)(0^oC – (20)^oC))

Q = (200)(1 cal)(-20)

Q = -4000 lik'hilojule

Letšoao la ho eketsa le bontša hore mocheso o ekelitsoe, letšoao la ho tlosa le bontša hore mocheso o lokollotsoe.

Ho hlokahala likhalori tse 50 tsa mocheso ho eketsa mocheso oa leqhoa ho 0^oHo hlokahala C le dikhalori tse 4000 ho qhibilihisa leqhoa lohle. Mocheso o felletseng = dikhalori tse 4050. Mocheso o ntshwang ke metsi ke dikhalori tse 4000.

Leqhoa le leng ha le qhibilihe, kahoo mocheso oa ho qetela oa leqhoa le metsi ke 0^oC.

10. Aluminium ea ligrama tse 200 ho 20^oC e kentsoe ka metsing a 100-gram ho 80^oC ka setshelong. Mocheso o itseng oa aluminium ke 0.22 cal/g ^oC 'me mocheso o itseng oa metsi ke 1 cal/g ^oC. Thempereichara ea ho qetela ea aluminium ke efe?

Tse tsejoang:

Boima ba aluminium = 200 grams

Mocheso oa aluminium = 20^oC

Boima ba metsi = digrama tse 100

Mocheso oa metsi = 80^oC

Mocheso o itseng oa aluminium = 0.22 cal/g ^oC

Mocheso o itseng oa metsi = 1 cal/g ^oC

Oa Batla: Mocheso oa ho qetela oa aluminium

Tharollo:

Aluminium le metsi li leka-lekaneng ka mocheso hoo mocheso oa ho qetela oa aluminium = mocheso oa ho qetela oa metsi.

Mocheso o ntshwang ke metsi a chesang (Q e ntshwang) = mocheso o monngwang ke aluminium (Q e monngwang)

m_metsi c (ΔT) = m_aluminium c (ΔT)

(100)(1)(80 – T) = (200)(0.22)(T – 20)

(100)(80 – T) = (44)(T – 20)

8000 – 100T = 44T – 880

8000 + 880 = 44T + 100T

8880 = 144T

T = 62 ^o C

11. Tšepe ea ligrama tse 50 mochesong oa 85 °C e ile ea kenngoa metsing a ligrama tse 50 mochesong oa 29.8 °C. Mocheso o itseng oa metsi = 1 cal.g ^-1 .°C^-1. Mocheso oa ho qetela ke 37 °C. Mocheso o itseng oa tšepe ke ofe.

Tse tsejoang:

Boima ba tšepe (m_tšepe) = digrama tse 50

Mocheso oa tšepe = 85^oC

Boima ba metsi (m_metsi) = digrama tse 50

Mocheso oa metsi = 29,8^oC

Mocheso o itseng oa metsi (c_metsi) = 1 cal.g ^-1 .°C^-1

Mocheso oa ho qetela oa metsi = 37^oC

Ho batloa: Mocheso o itseng oa tšepe (c tšepe)

Tharollo:

Mocheso o ntshwang ke tshepe e chesang (Q e ntshwang) = mocheso o monngwang ke metsi (Q e monngwang)

m_tšepe c (ΔT) = m_metsi c (ΔT)

(50)(c)(85 - 37) = (50)(1)(37 - 29.8)

(c)(85 - 37) = (1)(37 - 29.8)

48 c = 7.2

c = 0.15 cal.g ^-1 .°C^-1

12. Leqhoa le nang le boima ba ligrama tse 50 ho 0°C le metsi a ligrama tse 200 ho 30°C, le beoa ka setshelong. Haeba mocheso o itseng oa metsi e le 1 cal.g^{- 1} ° C ^-1 'me mocheso oa ho kopanya leqhoa ke 80 cal.g ^-1. Mocheso oa ho qetela oa motsoako ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Boima ba leqhoa (m_Leqhoa) = digrama tse 50

Thempereichara ea leqhoa = 0°C

Boima ba metsi (m_metsi) = digrama tse 200

Mocheso oa metsi = 30^oC

Mocheso o itseng oa metsi (c_metsi) = 1 cal.g^{- 1} ° C ^-1

Mocheso oa ho kopana ha leqhoa (L)_Leqhoa) = 80 cal.g ^-1

Oa Batla: Mocheso oa ho qetela

Tharollo:

Hakanya boemo ba ho qetela:

Mocheso o ntshwang ke metsi ho fokotsa mocheso wa ona ho tloha ho 30^oC ho 0^oC:

Q_{ho lokolloa} = m_metsi c_metsi (ΔT) = (200)(1)(30-0) = (200)(30) = 6000

Mocheso o hlokahalang ho qhibilihisa leqhoa lohle:

Q = m_Leqhoa L_Leqhoa= (50)(80) = 4000

Mocheso o sebediswang ho qhibilihisa leqhoa lohle ke 4000, ha mocheso o ntshwang ke metsi e le 6000. Ho ka fihlellwa qeto ya hore mocheso wa ho qetela wa motswako o ka hodimo ho 0^oC.

Molao-motheo o motšo:

Mocheso o ntshwang ke metsi = mocheso bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa leqhoa lohle + mocheso ho eketsa mocheso oa leqhoa.

(m_metsi)(c_metsi)(ΔT) = (m_Leqhoa)(L_Leqhoa) + (m_Leqhoa)(c_metsi)(ΔT)

(200)(1)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(1)(T-0)

(200)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(T-0)

6000 – 200T = 4000 + 50T – 0

6000 – 4000 = 50T + 200T

2000 = 250T

T = 2000/250

T = 8 ^o C