Tlhaloso le Sebopeho sa Li-polymer
Polima ke molek'hule e kholo e entsoeng ka diyuniti tse ngata tse bonolo tse pheta-phetoang, tse tsejwang e le di-monomers, tse hokahantsweng hammoho ka dibonto tsa covalent. Lentswe "polymer" le tswa mantswe a Segerike "poly," a bolelang "tse ngata," le "meros," a bolelang "karolo" kapa "yuniti." Di-polymer e ka ba tsa tlhaho kapa tse entsweng ke motho, mme di bapala karolo ya bohlokwa dikarolong tse ngata tsa maphelo a rona a letsatsi le letsatsi.
Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka hore na li-polymer ke eng, lihlopha tsa tsona, sebopeho sa motheo, le litšobotsi tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale tse li etsang hore li be bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso tsa indasteri le tsa khoebo.
Ho Utloisisa Li-polymer
Polima ke motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o nang le sebopeho se seholo sa limolek'hule se entsoeng ka ho pheta-pheta ha li-unit tse ngata tsa monoma. Li-monoma ke limolek'hule tse nyane tse ka arabelang ho theha li-unit tse pheta-phetoang ka har'a ketane ea polymer. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho kopanya e tsejoa e le polymerization.
Li-polymer li ka aroloa ho latela liparamente tse fapaneng tse kang tšimoloho (ea tlhaho kapa ea maiketsetso), sebopeho (se otlolohileng, se nang le makala, kapa marang-rang), le thepa ea 'mele (thermoset, thermoplastic, kapa elastomer).
1. Li-polymer tsa tlhaho: Mehlala e kenyelletsa liprotheine, cellulose le rabara ea tlhaho. Li fumanoa tlhahong 'me li hlahisoa ke lintho tse phelang ka mekhoa ea baeloji.
2. Li-polymer tsa maiketsetso: Mehlala e kenyelletsa polyethylene, polypropylene, le polyvinyl chloride. Li etsoa lilaboratoring kapa lifemeng ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale ea polymerization.
Sebopeho sa Polymer
Li-polymer li ka ba le mefuta e fapaneng ea meaho e amang litšobotsi tsa tsona. Mefuta e meraro e meholo ea meaho ke e otlolohileng, e nang le makala, le marang-rang (kapa e nang le mahlakore a mararo).
1. Li-polymer tse otlolohileng: Li-polymer tse otlolohileng, li-monomer lia kopana ho etsa liketane tse telele, tse otlolohileng. Li-polymer tsena hangata lia qhibiliha ka har'a li-solvent tse itseng 'me li bontša thepa ea thermoplastic, ho bolelang hore li ka qhibilihisoa le ho bōptjoa bocha. Mehlala ea li-polymer tse otlolohileng e kenyelletsa polyethylene le polypropylene.
2. Li-Polymer tse nang le Makala: Meaho ea polymer e nang le makala e entsoe ka ketane e kholo e nang le makala a khomaretsoeng. Makala ana a ama ho teteana le kristale ea polymer. Mohlala oa polymer e nang le makala ke amylopectin ka har'a starch, e fanang ka viscosity e tlase ka har'a tharollo.
3. Marangrang kapa Li-polymer tsa Mahlakore a Mararo (3D): Mona, liketane tsa polymer li theha marangrang a mahlakore a mararo ka ho hokahanya pakeng tsa liketane. Li-polymer tsena tsa marangrang hangata li thata, li tiile, 'me li ke ke tsa qhibilihisoa hape hang ha li se li entsoe. Mehlala ea li-polymer tsa mahlakore a mararo ke epoxy resin le bakelite.
Tlhophiso e Thehiloeng ho Thepa ea 'Mele
1. Thermoplastics: Li-polymer tse ka nolofatsoang ka ho futhumatsoa le ho tiisoa ka ho pholisa. Li ka fetoloa ka makhetlo a mangata ntle le ho lahleheloa ke thepa ea tsona ea mantlha. Mehlala e kenyelletsa polyethylene le polystyrene.
2. Thermosetting: Li-polymer tsena li fetoha ka ho sa feleng lik'hemik'hale ha li futhumatsoa ka lekhetlo la pele 'me li ke ke tsa nolofatsoa ka ho futhumatsoa hape. Ka kakaretso li matla ebile li hanela mocheso ho feta li-thermoplastic. Mehlala ea li-thermoset ke Bakelite le melamine.
3. Li-Elastomer: Li-Elastomer ke li-polymer tse nang le ho tenyetseha ho hoholo, tse khonang ho khutlela sebopehong sa tsona sa pele ka mor'a hore ho tlosoe moferefere kapa phetoho. Rabara ea tlhaho le silicone ke mehlala ea li-elastomer.
Thepa ea Lik'hemik'hale le ea 'Mele ea Li-polymer
Thepa ea lik'hemik'hale le ea 'mele ea li-polymer e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khetholleng ts'ebeliso ea tsona liindastering tse fapaneng. Thepa e meng ea bohlokoa e kenyelletsa:
1. Botenya: E ama boima le matla a thepa. Li-polymer tse nang le botenya bo tlase hangata li bobebe ebile li tenyetseha haholoanyane.
2. Sebaka sa ho Qhibiliha le Sebaka sa ho Belisa: Mocheso oo polymer e qalang ho qhibiliha kapa ho bela ho oona o fana ka sesupo sa botsitso ba mocheso ba polymer.
3. Matla a Mekaniki: E kenyelletsa matla a ho tsikinyeha, ho hanyetsa tshusumetso, ho thatafala le ho tenyetseha. Dibopeho tsena di khetholla bokgoni ba polymer ba ho mamella meroalo le kgatello.
4. Ho Hanela Mocheso le Mollo: Li-polymer tse ling li etselitsoe ho mamella maemo a mocheso o phahameng ntle le ho bola kapa ho cha.
5. Khanyetso ea Lik'hemik'hale: Bokhoni ba polymer ba ho mamella tlhaselo ea lik'hemik'hale ho tsoa ho lintho tse fapaneng (tse kang li-acid, alkali le li-solvents) ntle le ho etsa liphetoho litšobotsing kapa sebopehong.
Litšebeliso tsa Polymer
Ka lebaka la mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa ea tsona, li-polymer li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng:
1. Indasteri ea Lipolasitiki: Lipolasitiki tsa Thermoplastic tse kang polyethylene le polypropylene li sebelisoa ho etsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa polasetiki ho tloha libotlolong le mekotla ho ea likarolong tsa likoloi.
2. Bongaka: Li-polymer tse lumellanang le 'mele tse kang polyethylene glycol le poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka tse kang li-implant, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, le meriana e lokolloang ka nako e telele.
3. Masela: Likhoele tsa polymer tse kang nylon, polyester le acrylic li sebelisoa ho etsa masela, liaparo le thepa e meng ea masela.
4. Sephutheloana: Li-polymer tse tenyetsehang le tse tšoarellang haholo tse kang polyvinyl chloride (PVC) le polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho paka lijo, lino le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa bareki.
5. Lisebelisoa tsa Elektroniki: Li-polymer tse tsamaisang motlakase li ntse li ntlafatsoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse tenyetsehang, lisele tsa letsatsi le libeteri.
Qetellong, li-polymer ke thepa ea bohlokoa le e sebetsang ka bongata e tšehetsang theknoloji le lihlahisoa tse ngata tseo re li sebelisang letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele theknolojing ea li-polymer, re ka lebella hore thepa ena e tsoele pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea indasteri le tsoelo-peleng ea sechaba.
Ho koala
Li-polymer ke thepa e khahlang e nang le meaho le thepa e fapaneng, e li nolofalletsang ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho tloha polasetiking ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho ea ho mahlale a tsoetseng pele. Kutloisiso e felletseng ea sebopeho le thepa ea li-polymer ke senotlolo sa boqapi bo eketsehileng le nts'etsopele ea thepa e sebetsang hantle le e tšoarellang.
