Mekhoa ea Hydrometallurgical le Litšebeliso tsa eona
Pendahuluan
Hydrometallurgy ke lekala la metallurgy le sebelisang litharollo tsa metsi ho rala, ho nts'etsapele le ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tsa ho arola litšepe ho li-ore kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala. Mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa ho ntša litšepe tse kang koporo, khauta, nickel, uranium le litšepe tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e hobane o mosa haholo tikolohong ho feta mekhoa ea pyrometallurgical, e hlokang mocheso o phahameng.
Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka botebo ka ts'ebetso ea hydrometallurgical, melao-motheo e thehiloeng mokhoeng ona, mekhahlelo e amehang karohanong ea tšepe, le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa bohlokoa indastering ea kajeno.
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Hydrometallurgy
Hydrometallurgy e na le lits'ebetso tse 'maloa tse kholo: ho ntša metsi, karohano ea metsi a tiileng le ho hlaphoheloa ha tšepe. Ts'ebetso ka 'ngoe e na le maemo le mekhoa e itseng ea ts'ebetso.
1. Ho ntsha letswai: Ho ntsha letswai ke mohato wa pele o kenyeletsang ho ntshwa ha tshepe lerapeng la yona ka thuso ya tharollo ya ho ntsha letswai jwalo ka ho ntsha letswai la asiti, motheo, kapa ammonium. Mokgweng ona, lera le a silwa mme le a silwa ho eketsa sebaka sa bokahodimo se kopanang le tharollo ya ho ntsha letswai. Diphetoho tsa tshebetso ena di kenyeletsa ho ntsha letswai la tanka, ho ntsha letswai la heap, ho ntsha letswai la in-situ, le ho ntsha letswai le sisinyehileng.
2. Karohano ea Metsi a Tiileng: Kamora ho ntsha metsi, tharollo e kopaneng e nang le tšepe e tla aroloa ho masalla a tiileng. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang karohanong ena ke ho sefa, ho centrifugation, kapa ho seda.
3. Ho Fumana Tšepe: Mokhahlelo oa ho qetela o kenyelletsa ho fumana tšepe tharollong e ntšang metsi. Mekhoa e meng e sebelisoang e kenyelletsa pula, ho hloekisa ka motlakase le ho ntša metsi a qhibilihang. Khetho ea mokhoa oa ho fumana tšepe e itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa tharollo ea sehlahisoa le mofuta oa tšepe e ntšoang.
Mehato Ts'ebetsong ea Hydrometallurgical
1. Ho ntša metsi
Ts'ebetso ea ho ntša metsi ke motheo oa hydrometallurgy 'me e ka etsoa ka litsela tse fapaneng:
– Ho Ntša Leru la Heap: Leru le sitsitsoeng le beoa ka har'a liqubu tse kholo kantle. Tharollo ea ho ntša leru e sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa nosetso ebe e phunyeletsa ka har'a qubu, e qhala litšepe tse lakatsehang.
– Ho Leaching ka hara sebaka: Tharollo ea ho leaching e pompeloa ka ho toba ka har'a masalla a tšepe a ka tlas'a lefatše ntle le ho tlosa lejoe. Mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa masalla a sa hlokeng chelete e ngata ho chekoa ka mekhoa ea setso.
– Ho Ntša Letswai ka ho Tsosa: Letswai le kopanngwa le tharollo ya ho ntsha letswai ka tankeng e hlohlelletsang. Maemo a mechini a netefatsa hore bokaholimo ba letswai bo pepesehela tharollo ya ho ntsha letswai ka ho tswela pele, e leng se potlakisang ho ntsha letswai.
2. Karohano ea Metsi a Tiileng
Kamora ho ntsha metsi, masalla a tiileng a lokela ho aroloa ho tharollo e nang le tšepe:
– Ho sefa: Ho sebediswa ho arola dintho tse tiileng ho tse metsi ho latela boholo ba dikarolwana. Ena ke mokgwa o tlwaelehileng haholo lekaleng la laboratori le la indasteri.
– Ho Centrifugation: Ho sebedisa matla a centrifugal ho arola dikarolo ho latela dipharologanyo tsa bongata.
– Ho sedimentation: Ho sebedisa matla a khoheli ho arola dikarolwana tse tiileng ho mokelikeli. Sena se etswa ka tankeng e kgolo e bitswang setenya.
3. Ho Hlabolla Tšepe
Mekhoa e meng ea ho fumana litšepe ho tsoa litharollong tsa leachate e kenyelletsa:
– Pula: Mokhoa oo ka oona k'hemik'hale e loketseng (sesebelisoa sa pula) e eketsoang tharollong ho thiba tšepe ka mokhoa o tiileng.
– Electrolysis: Ho sebedisa motlakase ho hlahisa pula ya tshepe ho tswa tharollong. Tshebetso ena e hloka cathode le anode, hammoho le di-ion tsa tshepe tse nang le electrolyte.
– Ho Ntša Solvent: Tšepe e fetisetsoa ho tloha tharollong ea ho ntša metsi ho ea ho tharollo ea lintho tse phelang ka mokhoa oa ho arola. Tšepe e ka fumanoa ho tloha tharollong ea lintho tse phelang ho ea ho tharollo ea metsi ka ho ntša metsi hape.
Litšebeliso tsa Hydrometallurgy
1. Ho Ntša Khauta
Hydrometallurgy e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea merafo ea khauta. Mokhoa oa cyanidation, mohlala, o kenyelletsa ho sebelisa tharollo ea cyanide ho qhala khauta ho tsoa lerōleng la eona. Mokhoa ona o se o sebelisitsoe ka lilemo tse fetang lekholo 'me o tumme ka katleho ea oona.
2. Ho Ntša Koporo
Koporo ke tšepe e 'ngoe e ntšoang ka mekhoa ea hydrometallurgical, haholo-holo ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea ho ntša metsi a mangata. Asiti ea sulfuric e sebelisoa e le tharollo ea mantlha ea ho ntša metsi ho qhala koporo ho tsoa marung a nang le sulfide e tlase.
3. Ho Ntša Nickel
Nickel laterite (lejoe la nickel laterite) hangata e sebetsoa ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea hydrometallurgical. Ho leaching ka asiti e nang le khatello e phahameng (HPAL) ke theknoloji e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang ho arola nickel ho laterite ore ka ho sebelisa sulfuric acid ka khatello e phahameng.
4. Ho Ntša Uranium
Mekhoa ea hydrometallurgical bakeng sa uranium e sebelisoa haholo linaheng tse 'maloa tse nang le mehloli e meholo ea uranium. Ho tsoa ha uranium ho sebelisoa ho qhala uranium ho tsoa oreng, ebe uranium e fumanoa ka phapanyetsano ea ioni kapa ho ntšoa ha solvent.
5. Tsamaiso ea Litšila tsa Elektroniki
Ho sebetsana le litšila tsa elektroniki ke ts'ebeliso ea morao tjena ea hydrometallurgy. Litšila tsa elektroniki, joalo ka lik'homphieutha le lifono tsa thekeng, li na le litšepe tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, ho kenyeletsoa le litšepe tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang. Hydrometallurgy e lumella ho khutlisoa ha litšepe tsena ka katleho e phahameng ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng.
Melemo le Mefokolo ea Hydrometallurgy
Boemo bo phahameng
1. Bokgoni ba Matla: Ditshebetso tsa hydrometallurgical hangata di hloka mocheso o tlase wa tshebetso ho feta pyrometallurgy, e leng se bolelang hore tshebediso e tlase ya matla ka kakaretso.
2. E Sireletsa Tikoloho: Mokhoa ona o fokotsa mesi e ntšang khase e futhumatsang lefatše le tšilafalo ea moea. Ho feta moo, litšila tse hlahang li ka laoloa hamolemo.
3. Bokgoni bo Phahameng ba ho Hlasimolla: Hydrometallurgy e dumella ho kgutliswa ha ditshipi ho tswa ho ditshila tsa maemo a tlase tse ka bang kotsi ho di sebetsana ka mekgwa e meng.
Meeli
1. Litšenyehelo tsa Lik'hemik'hale: Tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tse itseng e ka ba theko e boima haholo 'me ea eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka kakaretso.
2. Nako ea ho Sebetsa: Mekhoa e meng ea hydrometallurgical e ka nka nako e telele ho feta mekhoa ea pyrometallurgical, mohlala, ho ntša metsi a mangata ho ka nkang likhoeli tse 'maloa.
3. Tsamaiso ea Litšila tsa Metsi: Ho lahla le ho laola litšila tsa metsi tse hlahisoang ke lits'ebetso tsa hydrometallurgical ke phephetso e kholo ea tikoloho.
Qetello
Hydrometallurgy e fana ka mokhoa o sebetsang hantle le o mosa tikolohong bakeng sa ho ntša litšepe ho tsoa marung le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala. Ka mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso liindastering tsa ho ntša, ho kenyeletsoa khauta, koporo, nickel, uranium le ts'ebetso ea lithōle tsa elektroniki, mokhoa ona o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa phepelong ea tšepe ea lefats'e. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho e-na le liphephetso, tse kang litšenyehelo tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsamaiso ea metsi a litšila. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang le ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e mecha ho ntse ho tsoela pele ho ba sepheo sa lipatlisiso tsa hydrometallurgical ho fihlela litlhoko tse ntseng li hola tsa indasteri.
