Metabolism: Enjene ea Bophelo
Nthong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e phelang, ho tloha linthong tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe ho isa ho batho ba rarahaneng, ho etsahala ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa e tsejoang e le metabolism. Metabolism ke letoto la lik'hemik'hale tse etsahalang ka har'a 'mele tse nolofalletsang lintho tse phelang ho hola, ho ikatisa, ho lokisa tšenyo le ho ikamahanya le tikoloho ea tsona. Sehlooho sena se tla tšohla ka botebo tlhaloso, mosebetsi, mefuta le lintlha tse susumetsang metabolism.
Tlhaloso ea Metabolism
Metabolism e tsoa lentsoeng la Segerike "metabole," le bolelang phetoho. Ka kakaretso, metabolism e ka hlalosoa e le kakaretso ea lik'hemik'hale tsohle tse etsahalang 'meleng. Likarabelo tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale lia hlokahala bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng. Metabolism e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 'meli e meholo: anabolism le catabolism.
Anabolism
Anabolism ke mokhoa oo ka oona limolek'hule tse bonolo li kopanngoang ho etsa limolek'hule tse rarahaneng haholoanyane. Ts'ebetso ena e hloka matla, hangata ka mokhoa oa adenosine triphosphate (ATP), e fumanoang ka liketso tsa catabolic. Mehlala ea liketso tsa anabolic e kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea protheine ho tsoa ho li-amino acid, kapa tlhahiso ea lipid ho tsoa ho li-fatty acid le glycerol.
Katabolism
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, catabolism ke mokhoa oa ho arola limolek'hule tse rarahaneng hore e be tse bonolo. Mokhoa ona o lokolla matla a bolokiloeng litlamong tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa limolek'hule tsena. Matla a lokolloang lits'ebetsong tsa catabolic a sebelisetsoa ho khanna lits'ebetso tsa anabolic le ho etsa mesebetsi e meng e fapaneng ea 'mele. Mehlala ea liketso tsa catabolic e kenyelletsa ho robeha ha lik'habohaedreite hore e be glucose nakong ea tšilo ea lijo le ho robeha ha glucose nakong ea ho hema ha sele.
Mosebetsi oa Metabolic
Metabolism e na le mesebetsi e 'maloa ea bohlokoa' meleng, ho kenyeletsoa:
1. Tlhahiso ea Matla: Metabolism ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa 'mele oa ho fumana matla lijong. Matla ana a sebelisetsoa ho boloka mesebetsi ea bohlokoa joalo ka ho hema, ho potoloha ha mali, taolo ea mocheso oa 'mele le boikoetliso ba 'mele.
2. Kgolo le Tokiso: Ditshebetso tsa anabolic metabolism di thusa ho haha le ho lokisa dinama tsa mmele. Sena se kenyeletsa ho thehwa ha mesifa, masapo, letlalo le moriri.
3. Taolo le Homeostasis: Metabolism e thusa ho boloka botsitso ba ka hare ba mmele, kapa homeostasis. Sena se kenyeletsa ho laola mocheso wa mmele, maemo a tswekere mading, kgatello ya madi le pH.
4. Ho tlosa chefo 'meleng: Metabolism e boetse e bapala karolo ea ho qhaqha le ho felisa lintho tse kotsi kapa tse chefo 'meleng.
Mefuta ea Metabolism
Sephedi se seng le se seng se na le metabolism e ikhethang, e ka aroloang ho latela mehloli ea matla le khabone eo se e sebelisang. Mefuta e meng ea metabolism e kenyelletsa:
1. Lifototrofu: Lintho tse phelang tse sebelisang leseli e le mohloli oa matla. Mehlala e kenyelletsa limela tse tala tse etsang fotosynthesize ka ho sebelisa khanya ea letsatsi.
2. Li-chemotroph: Lintho tse phelang tse fumanang matla ka ho oxidation ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale. Li arotsoe hape ka li-chemolithotroph, tse sebelisang metsoako e sa tloaelehang, le li-chemoorganotroph, tse sebelisang metsoako ea tlhaho e le mohloli oa matla.
3. Li-Autotroph: Lintho tse phelang tse sebelisang carbon dioxide e le mohloli oa tsona o ka sehloohong oa carbon. Li-Autotroph hangata ke lintho tse phelang tse ka hlahisang lijo tsa tsona, joalo ka limela.
4. Li-heterotroph: Lintho tse phelang tse sa khoneng ho hlahisa lijo tsa tsona 'me li hloka mehloli ea khabone ea tlhaho ho tsoa linthong tse ling tse phelang. Liphoofolo tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa le batho, ke li-heterotroph.
Mabaka a Amang Metabolism
Metabolism e susumetsoa ke lintlha tse fapaneng tse ka sebelisanang. Tse ling tsa lintlha tse ka sehloohong li kenyelletsa:
1. Lilemo: Metabolism e atisa ho fokotseha ha lilemo li ntse li feta hobane mesifa le eona ea fokotseha, hammoho le liphetoho lihormoneng tse laolang metabolism.
2. Bong: Banna ka kakaretso ba na le sekgahla se phahameng sa metabolism ho feta basadi. Sena se bakwa ke boima ba mesifa ya bona bo phahameng.
3. Sebopeho sa 'Mele: Batho ba nang le mesifa e mengata ba na le tšekamelo ea ho ba le sekhahla se phahameng sa metabolism ho feta batho ba nang le mafura a mangata 'meleng.
4. Boikoetliso ba 'Mele: Batho ba mafolofolo haholoanyane 'meleng ba tla ba le metabolism e potlakileng. Boikoetliso ba 'mele, haholo-holo koetliso ea matla, bo ka eketsa boima ba mesifa, e leng se thusang ho potlakisa metabolism.
5. Liphatsa tsa lefutso: Liphatsa tsa lefutso le tsona li phetha karolo ea ho fumana sekhahla sa metabolism. Batho ba bang ba tsoaloa ba e-na le metabolism e potlakileng kapa e liehang, e leng se ka amang boima ba bona.
6. Phepo le Lijo: Seo re se jang le ha re se ja le sona se ka ama metabolism. Lijo tse nang le protheine e ngata, mohlala, li ka eketsa sekhahla sa metabolism hobane 'mele o hloka matla a mangata ho sila protheine.
7. Bophelo bo Botle le Lihormone: Maemo a itseng a bophelo bo botle le ho se leka-lekane ha lihormone le tsona li ama metabolism. Mathata a qoqotho, mohlala, a ka potlakisa kapa a liehisa metabolism.
Metabolism le Bophelo bo Botle
Ho utloisisa metabolism ho bohlokoa haholo maemong a bophelo bo botle le taolo ea boima ba 'mele. Maemo a mangata a bophelo bo botle, joalo ka botenya, lefu la tsoekere le lefu la pelo le methapo ea mali, a amana haufi-ufi le metabolism. Ho ntlafatsa metabolism ho ka thusa ka taolo ea boima ba 'mele le ho thibela mafu a amanang le metabolism.
Litsela tse ling tsa tlhaho tsa ho eketsa metabolism li kenyelletsa:
1. Boikoetliso ba Kamehla: Boikoetliso ba aerobic le matla bo ka eketsa sekhahla sa metabolism le ho thusa ho chesa lik'hilojule tse ngata.
2. Tšebeliso e Lekaneng ea Protheine: Ho ja lijo tse nang le protheine e ngata ho ka eketsa phello ea mocheso oa lijo, e leng se ka eketsang metabolism.
3. Robala ka ho Lekana: Ho hloka boroko ho ka sitisa metabolism le ho eketsa kotsi ea ho nona.
4. Noa Metsi a Lekaneng: Metsi a ka thusa ho eketsa metabolism ka nakoana le ho thusa ho chesa lik'hilojule.
5. Laola Khatello ea Kelello: Khatello ea maikutlo e sa feleng e ka sitisa botsitso ba lihormone le metabolism. Mekhoa ea ho phomola e kang ho thuisa le yoga e ka thusa ho boloka botsitso ba metabolism.
Qetello
Metabolism ke ts'ebetso ea motheo e tsamaisang bophelo, e fanang ka matla bakeng sa mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi, 'me e thusa ho boloka botsitso ka hare ho' mele. Ho utloisisa hore na metabolism e sebetsa joang le lintlha tse e susumetsang ho ka fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le ho boloka bophelo bo botle le boiketlo. Ka ho boloka mokhoa o phetseng hantle oa bophelo o tšehetsang metabolism e ntle ka ho fetisisa, re ka ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba rona le ho thibela mafu a fapaneng a metabolism.
