Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo ea Lipalopalo Patlisisong ea Meriana
Lipatlisiso tsa meriana ha li itšetlehe feela ka liteko tsa laboratori kapa liteko tsa bongaka empa hape li hloka tlhahlobo e matla ea lipalo-palo ho toloka lintlha le ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng. Tšebeliso ea mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e lumella bafuputsi ho netefatsa likhopolo-taba, ho khetholla likamano lipakeng tsa lintho tse fetohang, le ho bolela esale pele liphetho ka nepo haholoanyane. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e sebelisoang lipatlisisong tsa meriana le bohlokoa ba eona tšimong ena.
Pendahuluan
Moelelong oa meriana, tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mehatong e fapaneng ea nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi, ho tloha lipatlisisong tsa pele ho isa litekong tsa bongaka le kamora ho bapatsa. Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e thusa ho netefatsa hore liphetho tsa lipatlisiso lia tšepahala, li ka ikatisa hape, 'me li na le bonnete ba kantle (bo sebetsang ho baahi ba bangata). Mekhoa e meng e sebelisoang haholo ea lipalo-palo e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e hlalosang, tlhahlobo ea khopolo-taba, kamano, ho khutlela morao, tlhahlobo ea phapang (ANOVA), le mekhoa ea multivariate.
Tlhahlobo e hlalosang
Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhaloso ke mohato oa pele oa tlhahlobo ea data o ikemiselitseng ho hlalosa litšobotsi tsa motheo tsa data e fumanoeng. Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea litekanyo tsa tšekamelo ea bohareng joalo ka karolelano, bohareng, le mokhoa, hammoho le litekanyo tsa ho hasana joalo ka sebaka, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng, le phapang.
Mehlala ea Ts'ebeliso
Mohlala, phuputsong e hlahlobang katleho ea mefuta e meraro ea meriana e fokotsang khatello ea mali, bafuputsi ba ka sebelisa lipalo-palo tse hlalosang ho hlalosa khatello ea mali pele le ka mor'a ho fuoa meriana. Ka ho utloisisa kabo ea lintlha, bafuputsi ba ka fumana mehato e latelang le e rarahaneng haholoanyane tlhahlobong.
Teko ea Khopolo-taba
Teko ea khopolo-taba e ikemiseditse ho leka likhakanyo kapa lipolelo tse itseng mabapi le baahi ho latela lintlha tsa sampole. Mehlala e tloaelehileng lipatlisisong tsa meriana ke teko ea t, teko ea chi-square, le ANOVA.
teko ea t
Teko ea t e sebelisetsoa ho bapisa mekhoa ea lihlopha tse peli tse ikemetseng tsa sampole. Mohlala, ho lekola katleho ea mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere.
Teko ea Chi-Square
Teko ea chi-square e sebelisetsoa ho leka kamano pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli kapa ho feta ea lihlopha. Mohlala, ho fumana hore na ho na le kamano pakeng tsa bong le karabelo ho sethethefatsi se itseng.
ANOVA
Tlhahlobo ea phapang (ANOVA) e sebelisoa ho bapisa mekhoa ea lihlopha tse tharo kapa ho feta. Mohlala, thutong e hlahlobang liphello tsa litekanyo tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa moriana.
Kamano le Puseletso
Kamano le ho khutlela morao ke mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e sebelisoang ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli kapa ho feta.
Kamano
Kamano e lekanya hore na di-variable tse pedi di amana jwang. Kamano e ntle e bontsha hore ha phetoho e le nngwe e ntse e eketseha, phetoho e nngwe le yona e atisa ho eketseha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kamano e mpe e bontsha hore ha phetoho e le nngwe e ntse e eketseha, phetoho e nngwe e atisa ho fokotseha.
Ho fokotseha
Ho khutlela morao, haholo-holo ho khutlela morao ka mola, ho sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele boleng ba phetoho e 'ngoe ho latela boleng ba e 'ngoe. Mohlala, ho bolela esale pele maemo a tsoekere maling ho latela tekanyo ea insulin e fanoeng. Ho khutlela morao ho boetse ho lumella bafuputsi ho laola bakeng sa ho ferekanya mefuta-futa, ka hona ho etsa hore kamano e nepahale haholoanyane.
Tlhahlobo ea Multivariate
Phuputsong ea meriana, hangata ho hlokahala ho sekaseka li-variable tse fetang tse peli ka nako e le 'ngoe. Tlhahlobo ea li-variate tse ngata e lumella bafuputsi ho utloisisa likamano tse rarahaneng lipakeng tsa li-variable tsena.
Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha
Tlhahlobo ea lintlha e sebelisoa ho khetholla lintlha tse thehiloeng likamanong pakeng tsa lintho tse feto-fetohang tlhahisoleseling e rarahaneng. Mohlala, ho khetholla lintlha tse susumetsang ho khomarela kalafo ha mokuli.
Tlhahlobo ea Sehlopha
Tlhahlobo ea lihlopha e sebelisetsoa ho arola batho ba etsang lipatlisiso ka lihlopha tse tšoanang ho latela litšobotsi tse itseng. Mohlala, ho arola bakuli ka lihlopha ho latela li-profile tsa bona tsa lefutso ho lekola karabelo phekolong e itseng.
Tshekatsheko ya Motsamaisi-Kakaretso (PCA)
PCA e sebediswa ho fokotsa boholo ba data e rarahaneng ka ho e fetola dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa bohlokwa tse bolokang tlhahisoleseding e ngata. Mokgwa ona o atisa ho sebediswa tlhahlobong ya data e kgolo ho pharmacogenomics.
Tšebeliso ea Software ea Lipalopalo
Mehleng ena ea dijithale, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa software lia fumaneha bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo, joalo ka SPSS, SAS, R, le Python. Software ena ha e nolofatse tlhahlobo ea data feela empa e boetse e fana ka litšoantšo tse thusang ho toloka liphetho.
SPSS (Sephutheloana sa Lipalopalo bakeng sa Saense ea Sechaba)
SPSS e tumme haholo har'a bafuputsi ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se bonolo ho se sebelisa le bokhoni bo boholo ba tlhahlobo. E loketse ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha tlhahlobong ea data e hlalosang ho isa tlhahlobong ea multivariate.
SAS (Sistimi ea Tlhahlobo ea Lipalopalo)
SAS ke khetho e matla bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea data hobane e fana ka mefuta e mengata ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo le bokhoni ba tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea data.
R
R ke sesebelisoa sa software se tenyetsehang haholo, se bulehileng bakeng sa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo. Lilaeborari tse fumanehang ho R li fapane ebile lia fetoha kamehla, li lumella tlhahlobo ea data e rarahaneng le e ikhethileng.
python
Python e nang le lilaeborari tse kang NumPy, SciPy, pandas, le scikit-learn le eona e tumme haholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona bo matla ba ho etsa mananeo a data le ho ithuta ka mochini.
Netefalo le Botšepehi
Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e sebelisitsoeng e fihlela litekanyetso tsa bonnete le tsa ts'epo. Netefatso e bolela ho nepahala ha liphetho tse fumanoeng, ke hore, hore na thuto e lekanya seo e ipolelang hore e se lekanya. Tšepo e bolela ho tsitsa ha liphetho, ke hore, haeba thuto e ne e ka phetoa, liphetho tse tšoanang li ne li tla fumanoa.
Litekanyetso tsa boits'oaro
Phuputsong ea meriana, tšebeliso ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e lokela ho etsoa ho nahanoa ka boitšoaro. Ho laola lintlha kapa ho sebelisa mekhoa e sa lokelang ea tlhahlobo ho fihlela liphetho tse lakatsehang ho fosahetse haholo 'me ho ka ba le liphello tse bolaeang, haholo-holo kaha liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso tsa meriana li ama bophelo bo botle ba batho ka kotloloho.
Qetello
Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo ke motheo oa bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa meriana. Ho tloha tlhahlobong e hlalosang, tlhahlobo ea khopolo-taba, kamano, ho khutlela morao, ho ea tlhahlobong ea multivariate, mokhoa o mong le o mong o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng hore lintlha tse fumanoeng li hlalosoa ka tsela e nepahetseng le e tšepahalang. Tšebeliso ea software ea sejoale-joale ea lipalo-palo le eona e nolofatsa lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng tsa tlhahlobo. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba tlameha ho lula ba nahana ka bonnete, botšepehi le likarolo tsa boitšoaro mohatong o mong le o mong oa tlhahlobo.
Ka ho utloisisa le ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo, bafuputsi ba ka etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng haholoanyane le ho tšehetsa nts'etsopele ea tsebo ea mahlale lefapheng la meriana, e leng se qetellang se tlatsetsa ntlafatsong ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.
