Li-Phagocyte: Mola oa Pele oa Tšireletso oa 'Mele
Li-phagocyte ke lisele tsa 'mele tse itšireletsang mafung tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. Lebitso "phagocyte" le tsoa ho Segerike, moo "phago" e bolelang "ho ja" 'me "cyte" e bolela "sele." Joalokaha lebitso le bontša, mosebetsi oa mantlha oa li-phagocyte ke ho ja kapa ho ja likaroloana tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse kang libaktheria, livaerase le lithōle tse ling tsa sele, tse ntan'o timetsoa. Sehlooho sena se tla tšohla ka botebo mefuta, mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, le mesebetsi ea li-phagocyte tšireletsong ea 'mele.
Mefuta ea li-Phagocyte
Li-phagocyte li na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le karolo e itseng tsamaisong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Mona ke tse ling tsa mefuta e meholo ea li-phagocyte:
1. Li-neutrophil: Mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa li-phagocyte 'meleng, li-neutrophil ke mothati oa pele oa tšireletso khahlanong le tšoaetso. Li na le bokhoni ba ho tsamaea ka potlako libakeng tse tšoaelitsoeng ebe li hlasela likokoana-hloko ka phagocytosis.
2. Li-monocyte le Macrophage: Li-monocyte ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse potolohang maling. Hang ha li fihla liseleng tsa 'mele tse hlokang tšireletso e tsitsitseng haholoanyane, li fetoha li-macrophage. Li-macrophage li na le bokhoni bo boholo ba phagocytic 'me li nka nako e telele ho feta li-neutrophils.
3. Li-Eosinophil le Li-Basophil: Le hoja li sa sebetse hantle joaloka li-neutrophil ho phagocytosis, li-eosinophil le li-basophil li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho loantšeng likokoana-hloko le allergy. Li lokolla li-granule tse nang le li-enzyme tse ka senyang likokoana-hloko.
4. Lisele tsa Dendritic: Ntle le ho ameha ho phagocytosis, lisele tsa dendritic li boetse li sebetsa e le lisele tse hlahisang antigen (APCs). Li sebetsana le likokoana-hloko tse jeoang 'meleng le ho hlahisa li-antigen liseleng tsa T, e leng se hlahisang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo.
Mokhoa oa ho Sebetsa oa Phagocyte
Ts'ebetso ea phagocytosis e qala ha phagocyte e lemoha le ho khomarela karoloana e 'ngoe ea kantle. Temoho ena hangata e tsamaisoa ke li-receptor tse lemohang lipaterone tsa limolek'hule holim'a likokoana-hloko, tse tsejoang e le lipaterone tsa limolek'hule tse amanang le pathogen (PAMPs).
1. Chemotaxis: Li-Phagocyte li fallela sebakeng seo tšoaetso kapa ho ruruha ho sona. Ts'ebetso ena e tataisoa ke matšoao a lik'hemik'hale a hlahisoang ke lisele tse senyehileng, likokoana-hloko, kapa lisele tse ling tsa 'mele tse sebetsang.
2. Ho Tlama le ho Tsamaisa: Ha e fihla moo e shebiloeng teng, phagocyte e ikgomaretsa ho karoloana ka di-receptor tse itseng tse hodima yona. Di-receptor tsena di lemoha dikarolo tse itseng tsa pathogen kapa di-opsonin (diprotheine tse tshwayang di-pathogen bakeng sa phagocytosis).
3. Ho Lelefatsa Lera le Sebopeho sa Phagosome: Lera la sele ya phagocyte le tla kwahela pathogen, mme le etse sebopeho se tsejwang e le phagosome.
4. Ho Kopanngoa le Lysosomes: Phagosome e ntan'o kopana le lysosome, e nang le lienzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo. Sebopeho sena se secha se tsejoa e le phagolysosome.
5. Tšilo ea lijo le ho li senya: Li-enzyme tsa Lysosomal li qhaqha likokoana-hloko hore e be likotoana tse nyane, ka hona lia li timetsa.
6. Exocytosis: Masalla a dikarolwana tse ke keng tsa silwa a ntshwa ke diphagocyte tse kantle ho sele.
Karolo ea Li-Phagocyte Tsamaisong ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa
Li-phagocyte li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng homeostasis le ho sireletsa 'mele tšoaetsong. Tse ling tsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea li-phagocyte ke tsena:
– Moarabi oa Pele Tšoaetsong: E le karolo ea karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea tlhaho, li-phagocyte ke mola o ka pele o arabelang kapele tšoaetsong hang ha pathogen e kena' meleng.
– Taolo ea Karabelo ea 'Mele oa ho Sireletsa Lisele: Li-Phagocyte ha li bolaee likokoana-hloko feela empa li boetse li buisana le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung. Li lokolla li-cytokine tse ka bokellang lisele tse ngata tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung sebakeng sa tšoaetso le ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea lisele tse ling.
– Tlhahiso ea Antigen: Macrophages le lisele tsa dendritic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sebetsaneng le ho hlahisa likarolo tsa likokoana-hloko (li-antigen) ho lisele tsa T, tse qalang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo.
– Ho Tloswa ha Disele Tse Shoeleng: Ntle le ho tlosa dikokwana-hloko, di-phagocyte le tsona di ikarabella bakeng sa ho tlosa disele tsa mmele tse shweleng kapa tse senyehileng, ho netefatsa hore ha ho na pokello ya ditshila tsa sele tse ka bakang ho ruruha.
Li-Phagocyte le Mafu
Ho sa tsotellehe karolo ea tsona ea tšireletso, li-phagocyte ka linako tse ling li ka kenya letsoho ho pathology ea mafu. Maemo a mang ao li-phagocyte li ka amehang ho ona kholong ea mafu a kenyelletsa:
– Ho ruruha ho sa Feleng: Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha phagocyte nako e telele ho ka baka tshenyo ya dinama tse ka bakang mafu a sa foleng a ho ruruha a kang ramatiki le atherosclerosis.
– Ho se tsitse ha sesole sa mmele: Mathata a mang a kang lefu le sa foleng la granulomatous (CGD) a kenyelletsa ho se sebetse hantle ha phagocyte, e leng se fellang ka ho hloleha ho loantša tšoaetso ka katleho.
– Lefu la ho hema: Ho sebetsa haholo ha macrophages matšoafong ho ka tlatsetsa ho acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Qetello
Li-phagocyte li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng 'mele khahlanong le litšokelo tse fapaneng tsa pathogenic ka mokhoa oa phagocytosis le likamano tse ling tsa sesole sa 'mele. Ka ho utloisisa mosebetsi le mokhoa oa li-phagocyte, re ka ananela hore na sistimi ea tšireletso ea 'mele e rarahane hakae ebile e hokahane hakae. Lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le li-phagocyte le kamoo li sebetsang kateng li ka bula tsela bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo e sebetsang haholoanyane bakeng sa mafu a tšoaetsanoang le a ho ruruha. Li-phagocyte, le hoja li bonahala li le bonolo mosebetsing oa tsona oa ho koenya le ho sileha likaroloana tse ling, ha e le hantle li bapala karolo likarolong tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
