Mehlala ea Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Lymphocyte le Likarabo tse Ikhethang tsa 'Mele oa ho Sireletsa ... Tsoa Mafung
Ho baeloji le bongaka, ho utloisisa hore na sesole sa 'mele se sebetsa joang ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na 'mele ea rona e loantša tšoaetso le mafu a fapaneng joang. Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea sistimi ena ke li-lymphocyte, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa karabelong e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Sehlooho sena se tla tšohla li-lymphocyte, karolo ea tsona karabelong e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, le ho fana ka mathata a sampole ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea sehlooho sena.
Selelekela ho Lymphocytes le Karabelo e Ikhethang ea 'Mele oa ho Itšireletsa
Li-lymphocyte ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse bohlokoa ho arabeleng tšoaetso. Li tla ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo: Li-lymphocyte tsa B le Li-lymphocyte tsa T. Li-lymphocyte tsa B li ikarabella bakeng sa ho hlahisa li-antibodies, liprotheine tse shebaneng le ho fokotsa likokoana-hloko tse kang libaktheria le livaerase. Ho sa le joalo, li-lymphocyte tsa T li thusa ho bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng le ho laola karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Karabelo e tobileng, kapa e ikamahanyang le maemo, ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke karolo ea sesole sa 'mele e lemohang le ho hopola likokoana-hloko tse itseng tse hlaselang 'mele. Ke ka lebaka leo ente e ka fanang ka tšireletso ea nako e telele khahlanong le mafu a itseng.
Mokhoa o Ikhethang oa Karabelo ea 'Mele oa ho Itšireletsa
1. Ho Kenyelletsa ha Lymphocyte ea B
– Ha mmele o lemoha antigen e tswang kantle, disele tse hlahisang antigen (APCs), tse kang macrophages, di metsa antigen mme di e sebetsana le yona. Dikarolo tsena tsa antigen di hlahiswa hodima APC hammoho le dimolek'hule tsa MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex).
– Li-lymphocyte tsa B tse nang le li-receptor tse khethehileng bakeng sa antigen li tla e lemoha le ho itlama, e leng se tšoaeang qalo ea ts'ebetso ea li-lymphocyte tsa B.
– Hang ha e se e kentswe tshebetsong, di-lymphocyte tsa B di tla arohana le ho arohana ka disele tsa plasma tse hlahisang di-antibodies le disele tsa memori tse fanang ka tshireletso ya mmele ya nako e telele.
2. Ts'ebetso ea Lymphocyte ea T
– Li-lymphocyte tsa T le tsona lia sebetsa ka ho sebelisana le li-APC, empa li lemoha li-antigen tse hlahisoang ke limolek'hule tsa MHC tse fapaneng le tse tsejoang ke li-lymphocyte tsa B.
– Li-lymphocyte tsa Helper T (CD4+) li lokolla li-cytokine tse thusang ho laola le ho ntlafatsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, ha li-lymphocyte tsa cytotoxic T (CD8+) li bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ka kotloloho.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1
Hlalosa karolo ea li-lymphocyte tsa B le T karabelong e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Puisano:
Li-lymphocyte tsa B le T ke motheo oa karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Li-lymphocyte tsa B, hang ha li kentsoe tšebetsong ke antigen e itseng, lia arohana ka lisele tsa plasma tse ka hlahisang li-antibodies ho shebana le ho kokobetsa likokoana-hloko. Li boetse li theha lisele tsa memori, li thusa karabelo e potlakileng haeba ho ka etsahala hore tšoaetso e boele e be teng. Li-lymphocyte tsa T, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li na le mefuta e 'maloa:
– Li-lymphocyte tsa Helper T (CD4+), tse thusang ho hlasimolla karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ka ho lokolla li-cytokine.
– Li-lymphocyte tsa T tse nang le chefo (CD8+), tse bolaeang lisele tsa 'mele tse tšoaelitsoeng ke likokoana-hloko.
– Hape ho na le di-T lymphocyte tse laolang tse thusang ho laola karabelo ya mmele ya ho itšireletsa mafung e le hore e se ke ya fetella.
Potso ea 2
Ho etsahala'ng ka 'mele ka mor'a ho pepesehela kokoana-hloko e neng e tsejoa pele ka lebaka la karabelo e itseng ea' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung?
Puisano:
Ha 'mele o pepesehetse kokoana-hloko e neng e tsejoa pele, lisele tsa memori tse entsoeng nakong ea karabelo ea pele ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung li nolofalletsa 'mele ho arabela ka potlako le ka katleho. Lisele tsa Memory B li arohana ka potlako ho ba lisele tsa plasma 'me li hlahisa li-antibodies tse ngata. Ho sa le joalo, lisele tsa memori T li ka felisa lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ka potlako kapa tsa thusa karabelo ea sele ea B le macrophage ka ho hlahisa li-cytokine. Sephetho ke ho felisoa ha kokoana-hloko ka potlako ho feta nakong ea ho pepesehela ha eona qalong.
Potso ea 3
Tabeng ea ho enta, liente li ka thusa joang ho theheng karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung?
Puisano:
Liente li sebetsa ka ho hlasimolla karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ntle le ho baka mafu. Li na le li-antigen tse tsoang ho likokoana-hloko tse fokolang kapa tse bolailoeng, kapa likarolo tsa likokoana-hloko tse ka bakang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Ha ente e kenngoa 'meleng, li-lymphocyte tsa B le T lia kenngoa tšebetsong 'me li sebetsana le li-antigen ka tsela e tšoanang le tšoaetso ea tlhaho. Lisele tsa memori lia thehoa, li fana ka tšireletso ea nako e telele ka ho potlakisa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ha kokoana-hloko ea sebele e hlasela nakong e tlang. Ena ke motheo oa hore na ke hobane'ng ha ente e ka thibela mafu.
Qetello
Li-lymphocyte le tsamaiso e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba 'mele le ho itšireletsa khahlanong le tšoaetso. Ka ho kenya tšebetsong le tšebelisano-'moho ea li-lymphocyte tsa B le T, 'mele o ka hlahisa karabelo e potlakileng le e hokahaneng ho likokoana-hloko. Boikoetliso le puisano e kaholimo li lebelletsoe ho matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea bohlokoa ba li-lymphocyte ho sesole sa 'mele se ikamahanyang le maemo le kamoo liente li ka sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa tšireletso. Ho utloisisa mekhoa ena ha ho bohlokoa feela saenseng empa hape ho fana ka temohisiso e sebetsang masimong a bophelo bo botle le bongaka.
