Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano ea Mekhoa ea ho Tsamaea
Mekaniki ea motsamao, kapa mekaniki ea motsamao, ke lekala la fisiks le ithutang motsamao oa lintho le matla a bakang motsamao oo. Ho utloisisa mekaniki ea motsamao ke habohlokoa ho rarolla mathata a fapaneng fisiks le boenjiniere. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata mabapi le mekaniki ea motsamao le litharollo tsa ona.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Motsamao o Tšoanang oa Linear (GLB)
Potso: Koloi e tsamaya ka lebelo le sa fetoheng la 60 km/h tseleng e otlolohileng ka dihora tse 2. Koloi e tsamaya hole hakae?
Puisano:
Motsamao o Tšoanang oa Linear (GLB) ke motsamao oa ntho ka lebelo le sa fetoheng. Foromo e sebelisoang ho bala sebaka ho GLB ke:
\[ \mongolo{Distance} = \mongolo{Lebelo} \nako \mongolo{Nako} \]
Hoa tsebahala:
– Lebelo = 60 km/h
– Nako = lihora tse 2
Ho bala sebaka:
\[ \mongolo{Bohōle} = 60 \, \mongolo{km/h} \makgetlo a 2 \, \mongolo{h} = 120 \, \mongolo{km} \]
Kahoo, sebaka se tsamauoang ke koloi ke 120 km.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Motsamao o Potlakileng oa Linear ka Tsela e Tšoanang (GLBB)
Potso: Ntho e tsamaya ka lebelo le sa fetoheng la 2 m/s² ho tloha phomolong. Lebelo la ntho ke lefe kamora metsotsoana e 5?
Puisano:
Motsamao o Potlakileng ka Tsela e Tšoanang (GLBB) ke motsamao oo lebelo le fetohang ka ho potlaka ho sa khaotseng. Foromo ea ho bala lebelo la ho qetela ho tloha phomolong ke:
\[v = u + ho \]
Di mana:
– \( v \) ke lebelo la ho qetela
– \( u \) ke lebelo la pele (u = 0, hobane ho tloha boemong ba phomolo)
– \( a \) ke ho potlaka
– \(t \) ke nako
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( u = 0 \)
– \( a = 2 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)
– \( t = 5 \, \mongolo{s} \)
Ho bala lebelo la ho qetela:
\[ v = 0 + (2 \, \text{m/s}^2 \times 5 \, \text{s}) = 10 \, \text{m/s} \]
Kahoo, lebelo la ntho ka mora metsotsoana e 5 ke 10 m/s.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Motsamao oa ho oa o lokolohileng
Potso: Bolo e lahlelwa ho tloha bophahamong ba limithara tse 45. Ho nka nako e kae hore bolo e fihle fatshe? (Hlokomela ho hanyetsa moya, sebedisa ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli \( g = 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)).
Puisano:
Bakeng sa motsamao oa ho oa ka bolokolohi, re sebelisa foromo:
\[ h = \frac{1}{2}gt^2 \]
Di mana:
– \( h \) ke bophahamo
– \( g \) ke ho potlaka ho bakoang ke matla a khoheli
– \(t \) ke nako
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( h = 45 \, \mongolo{m} \)
– \( g = 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)
Kenya boleng bona sebakeng sa foromo:
\[ 45 = \frac{1}{2} \times 9.8 \times t^2 \]
\[ 45 = 4.9 \makgetlo a t^2 \]
\[t^2 = \frac{45}{4.9} \]
\[t^2 \hoo e ka bang 9.18 \]
\[t \hoo e ka bang 3.03 \, \mongolo{s} \]
Kahoo, nako eo bolo e e nkang ho fihla fatshe ke metsotsoana e ka bang 3.03.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4: Motsamao o chitja
Potso: Ntho e tsamaya ka sedikadikwe se nang le radius ya dimithara tse 2 le lebelo la angular la di-rad/s tse 4. Lebelo la yona le otlolohileng ke lefe?
Puisano:
Lebelo la mola o otlolohileng motsamaong o chitja le ka balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ v = \omega r \]
Di mana:
– \( v \) ke lebelo le otlolohileng
– \( \omega \) ke lebelo la angular
– \( r \) ke radius
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( \omega = 4 \, \text{rad/s} \)
– \( r = 2 \, \mongolo{m} \)
Ho bala lebelo le otlolohileng:
\[ v = 4 \, \text{rad/s} \times 2 \, \text{m} = 8 \, \text{m/s} \]
Kahoo, lebelo le otlolohileng la ntho ke 8 m/s.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 5: Motsamao oa Parabolic
Potso: Bolo e rahwa ka lebelo la pele la 20 m/s ka sekhutlo sa 30° ho ya ho sephara. Sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa se bataletseng seo bolo e ka se fihlelang ke sefe?
Puisano:
Bakeng sa motsamao oa parabola, sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se bataletseng (sebaka) se ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ R = \frac{v_0^2 \sin 2\theta}{g} \]
Di mana:
– \( R \) ke sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se bataletseng
– \( v_0 \) ke lebelo la pele
– \( \theta \) ke sekhutlo sa bophahamo
– \( g \) ke ho potlaka ho bakoang ke matla a khoheli
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( v_0 = 20 \, \mongolo{m/s} \)
– \( \theta = 30^\circ \)
– \( g = 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)
Ho bala sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se bataletseng:
\[ R = \frac{20^2 \times \sin(60^\circ)}{9.8} \]
\[ R = \frac{400 \times \sqrt{3}/2}{9.8} \]
\[ R = \frac{400 \makgetlo a 0.866}{9.8} \]
\[ R \hoo e ka bang \frac{346.4}{9.8} \]
\[ R \hoo e ka bang 35.34 \, \mongolo{m} \]
Kahoo, sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se bataletseng seo bolo e ka se fihlelang ke limithara tse ka bang 35.34.
Qetello
Sehloohong sena, re buisane ka mathata a 'maloa a mehlala a bontšang ts'ebeliso ea melao-motheo ea motheo ea motsamao fisiks. Ho utloisisa likhopolo tsena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa baithuti le litsebi ka ho tšoana ho sekaseka le ho bolela esale pele motsamao oa lintho tsa sebele. Re tšepa hore mehlala ena e tla ba molemo ho lona ba batlang ho utloisisa hamolemo matla a motsamao.
