Mehlala ea Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Ketsahalo le Kamano pakeng tsa Tsamaiso ea Methapo le Tsamaiso ea Motsamao oa Batho
Sistimi ea methapo ea motho le tsamaiso ea mesifa ea mesifa ke likarolo tse peli tsa bohlokoa tsa 'mele tse sebelisanang ho etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Sistimi ea methapo e bapala karolo ea ho laola le ho hokahanya metsamao ea 'mele, ha tsamaiso ea mesifa ea mesifa, e entsoeng ka mesifa le masapo, e nolofalletsa motsamao oa 'mele. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla lipotso tse 'maloa tsa mehlala le ho tšohla kamano pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo le tsamaiso ea mesifa ea motho.
1. Phenomenon ea Patellar Reflex (Lengole)
Potso:
Hlalosa ts'ebetso e etsahalang ketsahalong ea patellar reflex ha ngaka e otla lengole la mokuli e sebelisa hamore ea reflex!
Puisano:
Patellar reflex ke mohlala o phethahetseng oa tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo le tsamaiso ea mesifa. Ha hamore ea reflex e otla ka tlase ho sekoahelo sa lengole, tendon ea patellar e otlolloa hanyane. Sena se hlasimolla li-mechanoreceptor tse ka har'a tendon e tsejoang e le li-proprioceptors, tse romellang matšoao mokokotlong ka li-neuron tsa kutlo.
Ha e fihla ka hara mokokotlo, lets'oao lea sebetsoa mme hang-hang le qala karabelo ka li-neuron tsa motlakase ntle le ts'ebetso ea pele bokong (monosynaptic reflex). Li-neuron tsena tsa motlakase li romela matšoao ho mesifa ea quadriceps femoris e ka pele ho serope, e leng se etsang hore e honyele, e leng se etsang hore leoto le tsoele pele. Ts'ebetso ena e etsahala ka nako e khuts'oane haholo 'me e bonts'a bokhoni ba tsamaiso ea methapo ba ho hokahanya motsamao ntle le ho kenella ka hloko.
2. Litlamorao tsa Tšenyo ea Methapo ea Motlakase
Potso:
Ho ne ho tla etsahala eng haeba methapo ea kutlo e laolang motsamao oa matsoho e ne e ka senyeha, hona see se ne se tla ama tsamaiso ea kutlo joang?
Puisano:
Methapo ea mesifa e ikarabella bakeng sa ho fetisetsa matšoao ho tloha tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng ho ea mesifa. Haeba methapo ea mesifa e laolang motsamao oa matsoho e senyehile, puisano pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo le mesifa ea sitisoa. Ka lebaka leo, mesifa e letsohong ha e fumane litaelo tseo e li hlokang ho tsamaea, e leng se fellang ka bofokoli, ho holofala, kapa ho sitisoa ha taolo ea mesifa sebakeng se amehileng.
Tšenyo ea methapo ea kutlo ea 'mele e ka bakoa ke maemo a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le kotsi ea 'mele, mafu a senyehang a kang amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), tšoaetso le mathata a' mele a ho itšireletsa mafung. Tahlehelo ena ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele e bontša bohlokoa ba botšepehi ba tsamaiso ea methapo bakeng sa tsebo e sebetsang ea ho sisinyeha ha 'mele.
3. Ho Kenyelletsoa ha Tsamaiso ea Methapo Motsamaong o Motle
Potso:
Tsamaiso ea methapo e ntlafatsa taolo e ntle ea mesifa joang, mohlala, ha motho a ngola kapa a phahamisa lintho tse nyane?
Puisano:
Taolo e ntle ea mesifa ke bokhoni ba ho etsa mesebetsi e menyenyane, e rarahaneng e kenyeletsang mesifa e menyenyane ea letsoho le letsoho. Ts'ebetso ena e laoloa ke tsamaiso ea methapo ka ho sebelisana ho rarahaneng pakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boko, ho kenyeletsoa le cortex ea mantlha ea mesifa, basal ganglia le cerebellum.
Mothapo o ka sehloohong wa mesifa o ikarabella bakeng sa ho rera le ho qala motsamao. Karolo ya basal ganglia e thusa ho laola le ho fetola motsamao ho netefatsa hore o boreleli, ha cerebellum e hokahanya nako le ho nepahala ha motsamao. Ho feta moo, di-neuron tse nyane tsa mesifa hangata di ameha ho lokiseng metsamao e metle, ho netefatsa hore matshwao a amohelwang ke mesifa a nepahetse ebile a lekantswe hantle.
Tsamaiso ea methapo e boetse e itšetlehile ka maikutlo a tsoelang pele ho tsoa ho li-proprioreceptors mesifa le manonyellong, hammoho le litsamaiso tse ling tsa kutlo, ho etsa liphetoho tsa nako ea sebele metsamaong e tsoelang pele. Ts'ebetso ena e nolofalletsa batho ho etsa mesebetsi e kang ho ngola, ho kenya likonopo liaparong, kapa ho kenya mabenyane ka ho nepahala ho hoholo.
4. Boikoetliso ba 'Mele le ho Ikamahanya le Maemo a Methapo ea Kelello
Potso:
Hlalosa kamoo boikoetliso ba 'mele bo ka amang ho ikamahanya ha tsamaiso ea methapo le ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea motho ea ho sisinyeha ha 'mele!
Puisano:
Boikoetliso ba 'mele ba kamehla bo phetha karolo ts'ebetsong ea ho ikamahanya le methapo e bitsoang neuroplasticity, moo sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo li ka fetohang ka lebaka la phihlelo le ts'ebetso. Moelelong oa ts'ebetso ea 'mele, neuroplasticity e nolofalletsa ho thehoa ha likhokahano tse ncha tsa synaptic le ho matlafatsoa ha tse seng li ntse li le teng, e leng se eketsang katleho ea puisano lipakeng tsa li-neuron tsa mesifa le mesifa.
Ho phaella moo, boikoetliso ba 'mele bo ntlafatsa ho tsamaisana ha mesifa le ho amohela setho sa 'mele, boko le bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho lemoha boemo ba litho ka matšoao a kutlo a tsoang ho li-receptor tsa setho sa 'mele. Boikoetliso bo kang ho matha, ho sesa, kapa yoga bo kenyelletsa letoto la metsamao e rarahaneng eo, ha nako e ntse e ea, e etsang hore tsamaiso ea methapo e be betere ho bolela esale pele le ho ikamahanya le mekhoa ea metsamao.
Molemo o mong oa boikoetliso ba 'mele ke ho eketseha ha phallo ea mali bokong, e thusang ho boloka li-neurone tse phetseng hantle le ho holisa tse ncha. Motsoako ona oa litlamorao o ka ntlafatsa tsebo ea ho sisinyeha ha 'mele, likarabelo tsa reflex le botsitso, tseo kaofela li amang haholo bokhoni ba motho ba ho sisinyeha.
5. Mathata a Methapo ea Methapo le Litlamorao tsa 'Ona Tsamaisong ea Motsamao
Potso:
Hlalosa tšusumetso ea mathata a methapo ea kutlo tsamaisong ea mesifa le mesifa le kamoo a bontšang tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo le tsamaiso ea mesifa.
Puisano:
Mathata a methapo ea kutlo ke maemo a amang mesifa le taolo ea eona e tobileng ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mafu a kang ho senyeha ha mesifa, myasthenia gravis, le multiple sclerosis. Mathata ana a ka baka mathata a maholo tsamaisong ea mesifa le mesifa ka lebaka la tšitiso ea 'ona phetisong ea matšoao a methapo.
Ka mohlala, ho senyeha ha mesifa ho kenyelletsa liphetoho tsa lefutso tse sitisang tlhahiso ea protheine ea mesifa, e leng se lebisang bofokoling ba mesifa. Hobane tsamaiso ea mesifa e itšetlehile ka litaelo tse tsoang tsamaisong ea methapo, ho senyeha ha mesifa ho tsoelang pele ho senyeha ha mesifa ho fella ka ho senyeha ha tsebo ea ho sisinyeha ha mesifa le ho sebelisana ha 'mele.
Myasthenia gravis ke lefu la autoimmune le sitisang puisano ea methapo le mesifa moo methapo ea kutlo e kopanang teng, e leng se bakang mokhathala le bofokoli ba mesifa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, multiple sclerosis, lefu la ho ruruha, le ama sheath ea myelin e koahelang methapo ea kutlo tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng, e leng se lebisang ho mathata a mangata a ho sisinyeha ha mesifa.
Hammoho, mathata ana a totobatsa ho itšetleha ha bohlokoa ha tsamaiso ea mesifa tsamaisong ea methapo e sa sekisetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Ho lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba methapo kapa puisano ka lebaka la mathata ana ho bonesa tšebelisano e bonolo moo esita le litšitiso tse nyane li ka lebisang mathateng a tebileng a motsamao le ho tsamaisana.
fihlela qeto e
Kamano e rarahaneng pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo le tsamaiso ea mesifa le mesifa e totobatsa karolo ea tsona ea bohlokoa ho nolofatseng ho tsamaea ha motho le ho sebelisana le tikoloho. Ka puisano ea li-reflexes, bophelo bo botle ba methapo ea kutlo, taolo e ntle ea mesifa, koetliso ea 'mele, le mathata a methapo ea kutlo, ho totobetse hore ts'ebetso e boreleli ea litsamaiso tsena e bohlokoa bakeng sa motsamao o rarahaneng le o rarahaneng oa motho. Ho utloisisa khokahano ena ha ho ntlafatse tsebo ea rona ea fisioloji ea motho feela empa hape ho thusa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea bongaka bakeng sa mathata a fapaneng a mesifa.
