Mehlala ea Lipotso le Puisano ea Litharollo le Li-Colloids
Litharollo le li-colloid ke lihlooho tse peli tsa bohlokoa k'hemistri tse amanang haholo le likarolo tse ngata tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi hammoho le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa indasteri le tsa saense. Bokhoni ba ho utloisisa le ho sekaseka litharollo le li-colloid ke bokhoni ba bohlokoa bo hlokahalang mafapheng a mangata a thuto. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mathata a fapaneng a mehlala le litharollo tsa 'ona.
1. Tlhaloso le Mehopolo ea Motheo ea Litharollo le Li-Colloid
Tharollo
Tharollo ke motsoako o ts'oanang o nang le lintho tse peli kapa ho feta. Ntho e ngata e bitsoa solvent, ha ntho e nyane e bitsoa solvent. Mohlala, metsi a tsoekere ke mohlala oa tharollo moo metsi e leng solvent 'me tsoekere e le solvent.
Colloid
Colloid ke motsoako oo ntho e 'ngoe e hasanngoang ka ho lekana nthong e 'ngoe, 'me likaroloana tsa ntho e hasantsoeng li kholo ho lekana ho bontša phello ea Tyndall empa li nyane ho lekana hore li se ke tsa lula. Mohlala, lebese ke colloid eo mafura a hasanngoang ka metsing.
2. Lipotso le Lipuisano tsa Mehlala
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Ho Bala Khatello ea Tharollo
Potso: Qhibilihisa digrama tse 50 tsa NaCl ka hara 200 mL ya metsi. Bala mahloriso a tharollo ka mol/L. (Monghadi NaCl = 58,5)
Puisano:
1. Bala li-moles tsa NaCl:
\[
\text{Moles of NaCl} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{Mr}} = \frac{50}{58,5} = 0,855 \text{ mol}
\]
2. Fetola bophahamo ba metsi ho tloha ho mL ho ea ho L:
\[
\text{Bophahamo ba metsi} = \frac{200}{1000} = 0,2 \text{L}
\]
3. Bala mahloriso a tharollo (Molarity):
\[
\text{Molarity (M)} = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution (L)}} = \frac{0,855}{0,2} = 4,275 \text{ M}
\]
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Ho Khetholla Mefuta ea Li-Colloid
Potso: Ha o kopanya oli le metsi, motsoako ha se colloid. Leha ho le jwalo, ka ho eketsa emulsifier e nyane, jwalo ka sesepa, motsoako o ka etsa colloid. Bolela mofuta wa colloid o bopilweng mme o hlalose hore na ke hobaneng ha emulsifier e thusa.
Puisano:
Ka ho eketsa emulsifier, oli e qalang e sa qhibiliheng metsing e tla hasana ka marotholi a manyane ka metsing, e leng mofuta oa colloid. Li-emulsifier, joalo ka sesepa, li na le thepa ea hydrophilic (e ratang metsi) le hydrophobic (e hloileng metsi), kahoo li ka tsitsisa marotholi a oli ka metsing ka ho koahela bokaholimo ba marotholi a oli.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Ho bala pH ea Tharollo
Potso: Bala pH ea tharollo ea 0,01 M HCl.
Puisano:
1. HCl ke asiti e matla e ionisang ka botlalo ka metsing.
\[
\mongolo{[H}^+\mongolo{]} = 0,01 \mongolo{M}
\]
2. Sebelisa foromo ea pH:
\[
\text{pH} = -\log [\text{H}^+]
\]
3. Bala pH:
\[
\text{pH} = -\log (0,01) = 2
\]
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4: Tšusumetso ea Tyndall ho Colloids
Potso: Tyndall Effect ke eng mme o ka kgetholla colloid ho tharollo ya nnete jwang o sebedisa phello ena?
Puisano:
Phello ea Tyndall ke ketsahalo eo likaroloana tsa colloidal li hasanyang leseli, e leng se etsang hore ho khonehe ho bona leseli le fetang ka har'a colloidal. Ho khetholla colloidal ho tharollo ea 'nete, u ka sebelisa toche 'me ua e bonesa ka har'a motsoako. Haeba leseli le bonahala le hasane, motsoako ke colloidal. Haeba leseli le feta ntle le thibelo, ke tharollo ea 'nete.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 5: Karolelano ea Likaroloana ho Colloids
Potso: Bolela boholo ba dikarolwana tsa ntho e hasantsweng ka hara colloid mme o hlalose kamoo phapang ya boholo ba dikarolwana pakeng tsa di-colloid le ditharollo e amang thepa ya motswako kateng.
Puisano:
Boholo ba dikarolwana tsa ntho e hasantsweng ka hara colloid bo tloha ho di-nanometer tse 1 ho isa ho tse 1000. Boholo bona bo bonyenyane ba dikarolwana bo dumella dikarolwana tse hasantsweng ho dula di le ka hara ho emisoa ntle le ho dula ka lebaka la matla a kgoheli, ho fapana le ho emisoa ho hoholo moo dikarolwana di tla dulang teng. Dithoto tsa di-colloid, tse kang bokgoni ba tsona ba ho emisa dikarolwana ka hara solvent le ho bontsha phello ya Tyndall, di laolwa haholo ke boholo ba dikarolwana tsa ntho e hasantsweng.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 6: Karolo ea Colloid
Potso: Hlalosa hore na ho boleloa eng ka karohano ea colloid 'me u bolele mokhoa o le mong o sebelisitsoeng ts'ebetsong ea karohano ea colloid.
Puisano:
Ho arola likaroloana tsa colloid ke mokhoa oa ho arola likaroloana tsa colloid ho latela boholo ba tsona. Mokhoa o mong oa ho arola likaroloana tsa colloid ke dialysis. Dialysis e sebelisoa ho arola li-ion tse nyane kapa limolek'hule ho tsoa likarolong tsa colloidal ka lera le ka kenang ka semimea, le lumellang likaroloana tse nyane ho feta empa le boloka likaroloana tse kholo tsa colloidal.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 7: Ho Bala Boima ba Limolek'hule tsa Solute Tharollong
Potso: Tharollo ea tsoekere ea 1M (C6H12O6) e na le bophahamo ba 500 mL. Bala boima ba tsoekere e qhibilihisitsoeng. (Monghadi C6H12O6 = 180)
Puisano:
1. Taba ea pele, bala li-moles tsa glucose:
\[
\text{Mole} = 1 \text{ Molar} \times 0,5 \text{ L} = 0,5 \text{ mol}
\]
2. Ebe u bala boima ba tsoekere:
\[
\text{Mass} = \text{Mole} \times \text{Mr} = 0,5 \text{ mol} \times 180 \text{ g/mol} = 90 \text{ g}
\]
Ka ho utloisisa le ho rarolla mathata ana, re ka ntlafatsa kutloisiso e tebileng ea litharollo le li-colloid, e leng sa bohlokoa eseng feela bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa thuto empa hape le bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse sebetsang masimong a fapaneng. Ho ithuta lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa litharollo le li-colloid ho bolela ho utloisisa hore na lintho li sebelisana joang ka tekanyo e nyenyane ho isa ho e kholo, e leng se re nolofalletsang ho sebelisa bokhoni ba saense le ba indasteri ba likhopolo tsena tse peli tsa bohlokoa ka katleho.
