Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano ea Motsamao o Amanang oa Newton
Pendahuluan
Motsamao o amanang ke mohopolo oa bohlokoa fisiks o hlalosang kamoo lebelo le boemo ba ntho li ka fetohang ho latela moshebelli. Sir Isaac Newton, ka melao ea hae ea motsamao le matla a khoheli, o thehile motheo oa ho utloisisa matla a motsamao o amanang. Sehlooho sena se tla akaretsa mehlala e 'maloa le lipuisano tsa motsamao o amanang oa Newton. Re tla hlalosa mathata ana ka mehato e qaqileng ea tharollo bakeng sa kutloisiso e bonolo.
Khopolo ea Motheo ea Newton ea Motsamao o Amanang
Fisiks ea Newtonian, motsamao oa ntho o lula o lekanngoa ho latela foreimi ea litšupiso. Haeba re na le liforeimi tse peli tsa litšupiso tse tsamaeang ho latela e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ka lebelo la v, joale boemo le lebelo la ntho li ka bonoa ka tsela e fapaneng liforeiming tse peli. Mehopolo e meng eo u lokelang ho e utloisisa ke:
1. Sebopeho sa ho Sebetsa sa Inertial: Sebopeho sa ho Sebetsa seo ho sona ntho e tsamayang ka lebelo le sa fetoheng haeba ho se na matla a sebetsang nthong eo.
2. Lebelo le Amanang: Lebelo la ntho e lekantsweng ha le bapiswa le foreimi e nngwe ya referense.
3. Ho falla ho amanang: Phapang boemong pakeng tsa dintho tse pedi kapa ntho e le nngwe e nang le diforeimi tse pedi tse fapaneng tsa ditshupiso.
Newton o hlalositse motsamao o amanang hantle haholo ka melao ea hae ea motsamao, 'me re ka sebelisa liphetoho tsa Galilea ho fetola pakeng tsa liforeimi tse peli tsa litšupiso tse sa sebetseng.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala ea Puisano
Potso ea 1: Ho falla ha Motsamao o Amanang
Potso:
Likepe tse peli, Sekepe sa A le Sekepe sa B, li leoatleng le leholo. Sekepe sa A se leba bochabela ka lebelo la 20 m/s, ha Sekepe sa B se leba leboea ka lebelo la 30 m/s. Bala lebelo la Sekepe sa B ha le bapisoa le Sekepe sa A.
Puisano:
Ho rarolla bothata bona, re sebelisa mohopolo oa lebelo le amanang. Lebelo le amanang la Sekepe B ha le bapisoa le Sekepe A le ka baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa vector.
1. Emela lebelo la Ship A (\(\vec{v_A}\)) le Ship B (\(\vec{v_B}\)) e le li-vector.
\[
\vec{v_A} = 20 \, \text{m/s ho ea bochabela} \e bolela \vec{v_A} = 20 \hat{i} \, \text{m/s}
\]
\[
\vec{v_B} = 30 \, \text{m/s leboya} \e bolela \vec{v_B} = 30 \hat{j} \, \text{m/s}
\]
2. Lebelo le lekanyelitsoeng la Sekepe sa B ho ea ho Sekepe sa A (\(\vec{v_{BA}}\)) le baloa ka:
\[
\vec{v_{BA}} = \vec{v_B} – \vec{v_A}
\]
Kenya boleng ba \(\vec{v_A}\) le \(\vec{v_B}\):
\[
\vec{v_{BA}} = 30 \hat{j} \, \text{m/s} – 20 \hat{i} \, \text{m/s}
\]
\[
\vec{v_{BA}} = -20 \hat{i} + 30 \hat{j} \, \text{m/s}
\]
3. Ho fumana boholo ba lebelo le amanang, sebelisa khopolo-taba ea Pythagorean:
\[
|\vec{v_{BA}}| = \ sqrt{(-20)^2 + (30)^2}
\]
\[
|\vec{v_{BA}}| = \sqrt{400 + 900}
\]
\[
|\vec{v_{BA}}| = \sqrt{1300} = 10 \sqrt{13} \, \text{m/s}
\]
Kahoo, lebelo la Sekepe B ha le bapisoa le Sekepe A ke \(10 \sqrt{13}\) m/s.
Potso ea 2: Motsamao o Amanang Tsamaisong e Kopanetsoeng
Potso:
Motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto o tsamaea ka leboea ka lebelo la 5 m/s ka holim'a terene e tsamaeang ka bochabela ka lebelo la 20 m/s. Fumana lebelo la motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto ha le bapisoa le mobu.
Puisano:
Ho fumana lebelo la motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto ha le bapisoa le mobu, re sebelisa mohopolo oa ho eketsa vector hape.
1. Emela lebelo la motho ya tsamayang ka maoto (\(\vec{v_P}\)) le lebelo la terene (\(\vec{v_K}\)) e le divekthara.
\[
\vec{v_P} \text{ mabapi le terene} = 5 \hat{j} \, \text{m/s}
\]
\[
\vec{v_K} \text{ mabapi le mobu} = 20 \hat{i} \, \text{m/s}
\]
2. Lebelo la motho ya tsamayang ka maoto ha le bapiswa le lefatshe (\(\vec{v_{PT}}\)) ke kakaretso ya vekthara:
\[
\vec{v_{PT}} = \vec{v_P} + \vec{v_K}
\]
Kenya boleng ba \(\vec{v_P}\) le \(\vec{v_K}\):
\[
\vec{v_{PT}} = 5 \hat{j} \, \text{m/s} + 20 \hat{i} \, \text{m/s}
\]
3. Ho fumana boholo ba lebelo le amanang:
\[
|\vec{v_{PT}}| = \ sqrt{(20)^2 + (5)^2}
\]
\[
|\vec{v_{PT}}| = \sqrt{400 + 25}
\]
\[
|\vec{v_{PT}}| = \sqrt{425} = 5 \sqrt{17} \, \text{m/s}
\]
Kahoo, lebelo la motho ya tsamayang ka maoto ha le bapiswa le lefatshe ke \(5 \sqrt{17}\) m/s.
Potso ea 3: Ho Tsamaea ho Amanang Sefofaneng se Sekemeng
Potso:
Bolo e lahleloa ka lebelo la \( \vec{u} = 10 \hat{i} + 10 \hat{j} \) m/s ha ho bapisoa le kariki e tsamayang ka lebelo le sa fetoheng la 15 m/s. Fumana lebelo la bolo ha le bapisoa le mobu.
Puisano:
Sebelisa molao-motheo o tšoanang ho tlatsetsong ea vector.
1. Emela lebelo la bolo (\(\vec{u}\)) ha le bapisoa le kariki le lebelo la kariki (\(\vec{v_K}\)) e le li-vector.
\[
\vec{u} = 10 \hat{i} + 10 \hat{j} \, \text{m/s}
\]
\[
\vec{v_K} = 15 \hat{i} \, \text{m/s}
\]
2. Lebelo la bolo ha le bapisoa le mobu (\(\vec{v_{BT}}\)) ke:
\[
\vec{v_{BT}} = \vec{v_K} + \vec{u}
\]
\[
\vec{v_{BT}} = 15 \hat{i} + (10 \hat{i} + 10 \hat{j})
\]
\[
\vec{v_{BT}} = (15 + 10) \hat{i} + 10 \hat{j}
\]
\[
\vec{v_{BT}} = 25 \hat{i} + 10 \hat{j}
\]
3. Ho fumana boholo ba lebelo le amanang:
\[
|\vec{v_{BT}}| = \sqrt{(25)^2 + (10)^2}
\]
\[
|\vec{v_{BT}}| = \sqrt{625 + 100}
\]
\[
|\vec{v_{BT}}| = \sqrt{725} = 5 \sqrt{29} \, \text{m/s}
\]
Kahoo, lebelo la bolo ha le bapisoa le mobu ke \(5 \sqrt{29}\) m/s.
Qetello
Khopolo ea Newton ea motsamao o amanang ke motheo oa motheo oa fisiks ea khale. Re sebelisa melao-motheo ea motheo e kang ho eketsa vector, re ka fumana lebelo le amanang le ho falla ha ntho e le 'ngoe mabapi le e 'ngoe kapa liforeimi tse fapaneng tsa litšupiso. Mehlala e kaholimo e bontša mokhoa oa ho sebelisa mohopolo ona maemong a fapaneng, e leng se fanang ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea motsamao o amanang.
Ka ho utloisisa le ho sebelisa likhopolo tsena, re ka utloisisa melao ea Newton ea motsamao hamolemo le kamoo e sebetsang kateng lefatšeng la sebele. Tsebo ena ha e thuse feela ho rarolla mathata a fisiks empa e boetse e fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le hore na bokahohle bo sebetsa joang.
