Maqaal ku saabsan Muraayadaha taabashada Aragga fog Aragga dhow
Indhaha aragga dhow waxaa caadi looga dhigi karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayadaha indhaha iyo muraayadaha indhaha. Muraayadaha indhaha waxaa lagu dhejiyaa muraayadda indhaha, halka muraayadaha indhaha lagu dhejiyo ay ku xiran yihiin kubbadda isha. Muraayadaha indhaha waxay leeyihiin masaafo gaar ah oo u jirta isha, halka muraayadaha indhaha lagu dhejiyo ay ku dhegaan isha si masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda indhaha iyo isha loo iska indho tiro.
Tusaale ahaan dhibaatooyinka uu la kulmo qof leh aragti fog iyo aragti fog, noocyada muraayadaha loo isticmaalo in lagu caadiyeeyo indhaha, waa maxay dhererka diiradda iyo awoodda muraayadda. Tani waxay diiradda saareysaa isticmaalka muraayadaha taabashada si loo caadiyeeyo aragtida dhow iyo aragtida fog.
Isha aragtida fog iyo muraayadaha indhaha la xidho
Masaafada ugu fog ee si cad u arki karto qof qaba aragti fog waa 50 cm. Si indhaha aan arag wax dhow ah u arkin walxaha aan dhammaadka lahayn, go'aami (a) nooca muraayadda la isticmaalay, (b) dhererka diiradda muraayadda iyo nooca muraayadda, (c) awoodda muraayadda.
Muraayadaha indhaha la iska indho tiro aad bay ugu dhow yihiin indhaha, markaa iska ilow masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda iyo isha. Masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha iyo sawirka muraayadaha indhaha la iska arko waxaa loo arkaa inay la mid tahay masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha iyo sawirka indhaha la iska arko.
Solution:
(a) Nooca muraayadda la isticmaalay
Marka laga hadlayo aragtida fog, waxaa la sharraxay in muraayadda loo isticmaalo in lagu caadiyeeyo indhaha aan aragga lahayn ay tahay muraayad qaloocan ama muraayad kala duwan ama muraayad taban.
(b) Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda
Walxaha lagu arko indhaha aan aragga lahayn iyada oo loo marayo muraayadaha indhaha waxay joogaan masaafo aan dhammaad lahayn, sidaa darteed muraayaddu waa inay sameysaa sawir masaafo dhan 50 cm ah oo ku taal muraayadda indhaha indhaha. Sawirku wuxuu ku yaal muraayadda horteeda, sidaa darteed sawirku waa mid casri ah (isbarbardhig sharraxaadda ku saabsan sameynta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayadda indhaha ee qaloocan)
La yaqaan
Masaafada shayga (samayn) = aan dhammaad lahayn
Masaafada sawirka (di) = -50 cm (taban macnaheedu waa sawirku waa mid dalwad ah)
La Doonayo: Dhererka diiradda (f)
Solution:
1/f = 1/samayn + 1/di
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/50)
1/f = 0 – 1/50
1/f = – 1/50
f = – 50/1 cm = -50 cm = -0.5 mitir.
Dhererka diiradda waa taban, taasoo la micno ah in muraayadda la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad qaloocan ama muraayad kala duwan.
(c) Awoodda muraayadda
P = 1/f = 1/-0.5 m = -2 Diopters
Awoodda muraayadda waa -2 D. Calaamad taban macnaheedu waa in muraayadda la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad qaloocan ama muraayad kala duwan.
Aragti dhow oo isha ah iyo muraayadaha indhaha la isku xidho
Masaafada ugu dhow ee si cad u arki karto qofka qaba aragtida fog waa 50 cm. Si qofku u awoodo inuu wax ku akhriyo masaafada 25 cm sida isha caadiga ah ee caadiga ah, go'aami (a) nooca muraayadda la isticmaalo, (b) dhererka diiradda muraayadda, (c) awoodda muraayadda.
Muraayadaha indhaha la iska indho tiro aad bay ugu dhow yihiin indhaha, markaa iska ilow masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda iyo isha. Masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha iyo sawirka muraayadaha indhaha la iska arko waxaa loo arkaa inay la mid tahay masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo sawirka indhaha la iska arko.
Solution
(a) Nooca muraayadda la isticmaalay
Muraayadda loo isticmaalo in lagu caadiyeeyo indhaha aan aragga lahayn waa muraayad isku duuban ama muraayad isku duuban ama muraayad togan.
(b) Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda
Si shayga la arkay uu u ahaado 25 cm horta isha, muraayaddu waa inay sawir ka sameysaa masaafo dhan 50 cm horta isha. Sawirku wuxuu horta muraayadda ka yaallaa, sidaas darteed sawirku waa mid toosan oo casri ah.
La yaqaan
Masaafada shayga (samee) = 25 cm
Masaafada sawirka (di) = -50 cm (taban macnaheedu waa sawirku waa mid dalwad ah)
La Doonayo: Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda taabashada
Solution:
1/f = 1/samayn + 1/di
1/f = 1/25 + 1/-50
1/f = 2/50 – 1/50
1/f = 1/50
f = 50/1 = 50 cm = 0.5 mitir
Dhererka diiradda la saarayo waa mid togan macnaheedu waa in muraayadda la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad isku dhafan ama muraayad isku dhafan ama muraayad togan.
(c) Awoodda muraayadda
P = 1/f = 1/0.5 = +2 Diopters
Awoodda muraayadda waa +2 D. Calaamadda togan waxay ka dhigan tahay in muraayadda la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad isku laaban ama muraayad isku dhafan.
