Maitiro Ekuverenga Rudzi rweData muStatistical Analysis
Rudzi rwedata ndeimwe yenzira dziri nyore dzekuyera kupararira mukuongorora nhamba. Kunyange zvazvo zvichiita sezviri nyore, rudzi rwedata runoita basa rakakosha mukupa pfupiso pfupi yehukuru hwekusiyana kwemitengo mukati medata set. Mukuita, rudzi rwedata runowanzo shandiswa senzvimbo yekutanga usati waverenga zviyero zvakaoma zvekupararira, zvakaita sekusiyana, kutsauka kwakajairwa, kana kuti interquartile range. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura tsananguro yerudzi rwedata, fomura yaro, matanho ekuverenga, mienzaniso, uye zvakanakira nekugumira kwaro mukuongorora nhamba.
Kunzwisisa Rudzi rweData
Range yedata set ndiyo musiyano uripo pakati pehukuru (hwakanyanya) nehukuru hudiki (hushoma) mudata set. Nemamwe mashoko, range inoratidza "daro" redata values kubva pakaderera kusvika pakakwirira. Range yakakura inoratidza data value yakapararira. Range diki inoratidza data value yakamanikana kana kuti yakafanana.
Semuenzaniso wakapfava, kana mamakisi emudzidzi muzvidzidzo zvimwe ari 60, 75, 80, uye 90, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwedata i90 − 60 = 30. Izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwekukurumidza kuti mamakisi emudzidzi anosiyana mukati memapoinzi makumi matatu.
Mabhenefiti eData Range muStatistics
Rudzi rwedata runobatsira kune:
1. Pfupisa data nekukurumidza: Inopa pfupiso yekuchinja kwedata pasina kuverenga kwakaoma.
2. Kuenzanisa mapoka maviri edata: Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwezvinhu zvekirasi A zvichienzaniswa nekirasi B.
3. Kuona misiyano yakanyanya: Misiyano inogona kuratidza kusawirirana kwakanyanya.
4. Matanho ekutanga ekuongorora: Usati waenderera mberi nekuongorora, huwandu hwedata hunobatsira kunzwisisa hunhu hwedata.
Mukuongorora kwakadzama kwenhamba, huwandu hwenhamba hahuwanzo shandiswa hwega. Zvisinei, sechiratidzo chekutanga, chinobatsira zvikuru, kunyanya padata repakati kana rehuwandu.
Fomura yeRange yeData
Fomura yedata range iri nyore kwazvo:
Range (R) = Kukosha kukuru − Kukosha kushoma
Di mana:
– Kukosha kukuru ndiko data guru pane eseti yedata.
– Kukosha kudiki ndiko data diki pane data reseti.
- R ndiyo nhamba yedata.
Nekuti inosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvakanyanya, huwandu hwezvinhu hunogona kuverengerwa nekukurumidza kungave nemaoko kana kushandisa software.
Matanho ekuverenga Rudzi rweData
Heano matanho anoshanda ekuverenga huwandu hwedata:
1. Unganidza data kuti riongororwe
Iva nechokwadi chekuti data racho rakwana uye rinogutsa zvinodiwa pakuongorora.
2. Ziva kukosha kudiki
Tsvaga kukosha kudiki pane data rese.
3. Ziva kukosha kwakanyanya
Tsvaga kukosha kukuru kwedata rese.
4. Bvisa kukosha kwakanyanya kubva pamutengo wakaderera
Mugumisiro wekuderedzwa uku ihuwandu hwedata.
Kuti zvive nyore, data rinogona kurongwa kubva padiki kusvika pakuru. Kuronga uku kunobatsirawo kuona mapatani edata nemaziso.
Muenzaniso weKuverenga Range yeData (Data Rimwe Chete)
Semuenzaniso, kune ruzivo rwenguva yekufamba (mumaminitsi) yevanhu vasere:
12, 15, 10, 18, 14, 11, 20, 16
Matanho acho:
– Kukosha kushoma = 10
– Kukosha kukuru = 20
– Range = 20 − 10 = 10
Izvi zvinoreva kuti musiyano wenguva yekufamba mukati meboka une musiyano mukuru wemaminitsi gumi pakati peinokurumidza neinononoka.
Muenzaniso weKuverenga Rudzi rweData paData Range
Ruzivo rwehurefu (cm):
150, 152, 155, 155, 158, 160, 165
– Kukosha kushoma = 150
– Kukosha kukuru = 165
– Range = 165 − 150 = 15
Kunyangwe paine mavalue akadzokororwa, kuverenga kwerange kunoramba kwakafanana nekuti mavalue akanyanya chete ndiwo anotariswa.
Rudzi rweData muDhata Dzakaunganidzwa
Mudata rakagadzirwa nemapoka (semuenzaniso, kugoverwa kwema frequency), huwandu hwedata hunowanzo kuverengerwa uchishandisa miganhu yekirasi yepasi neyepamusoro. Mune mamwe mabhuku ekuverenga nhamba, huwandu hwedata rakagadzirwa nemapoka hunogona kuverengerwa se:
R ≈ Muganho wepamusoro wekirasi yepamusoro − Muganho wakaderera wekirasi yakaderera
Muenzaniso: Kugoverwa kwemapoinzi ebvunzo kunosanganisira nguva dzinotevera:
– 40–49
– 50–59
– 60–69
– 70–79
– 80–89
Saka:
- Muganho wakaderera wekirasi yakaderera = 40
- Muganho wepamusoro wekirasi yepamusoro = 89
– Range ≈ 89 − 40 = 49
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzimwe nzira dzinoshandisa miganhu yekirasi kuti zvive nyore, semuenzaniso 39,5 na 89,5, saka huwandu hunova 50. Sarudzo yenzira inoenderana nekuti data rinotenderedzwa sei uye chiyero chinoshandiswa.
Dudziro yeData Range
Rudzi rwedata harutauri zvakananga kana data racho "rakanaka" kana "rakaipa", asi rinobatsira kududzira mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
– Nzvimbo diki: Data rakafanana kana kuti rakagadzikana. Semuenzaniso, tembiricha yemumba inodzorwa zvakanaka inowanzova nenzvimbo diki.
– Ruzivo rwakakura: Ruzivo urwu rwakasiyana kana kuti rwakasiyana zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mari inowanikwa nemhuri muguta inogona kuva yakasiyana zvikuru.
Zvisinei, dudziro inofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nechikero. Rudzi rwe10 mu data re test score runogona kunge rusina chirevo chakafanana nerudzi rwe10 mu data re tembiricha kana huremu.
Mabhenefiti eData Range
Data ranges ine zvakanakira zvakawanda:
1. Zviri nyore kuverenga: Ingoda chete kukosha kwepamusoro uye pasi.
2. Kunzwisisa nekukurumidza: Zvakakodzera mishumo mipfupi kana kutanga kutsvaga.
3. Inobatsira pakuona nekukurumidza: Inobatsira kuona kana data racho rine misiyano yakakura.
Semuenzaniso, munyika yebhizinesi, huwandu hwekutengesa kwezuva nezuva hunogona kubatsira vatungamiriri kunzwisisa kushanduka-shanduka kwakanyanya munguva yakatarwa.
Miganhu yeData Range
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, dhata re data rinewo matambudziko akakosha:
1. Kuvimba zvakanyanya nepfungwa dzakanyanyisa: Chinhu chimwe chete chisingawanzoonekwi (chinhu chiri kure kwazvo) chinogona kuita kuti nhamba yacho iratidzike yakakura kunyangwe data rakawanda riri pedyo.
2. Haitsananguri kugoverwa kwese: Range inongotarisa magumo edata chete, haipe ruzivo nezvekuchinja kuri pakati.
3. Kusagadzikana zvakanyanya kune sampuli diki: Mu sampuli diki, huwandu hunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya kana paine imwe kukosha.
Semuenzaniso, data: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 rine huwandu hwe4. Kana huwandu humwe hwe100 hukawedzerwa, huwandu hwacho hunova 90 ipapo, kunyangwe huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu huchiri pakati pe10–14.
Saka, huwandu hwezvinhu izvi hunowanzowedzerwa nezvimwe zviyero zvakaita se standard deviation kana interquartile range (IQR) izvo zvinoramba zvakanyanya kune outliers.
Mhedziso
Rudzi rweseti yedata ndicho chiyero chiri nyore chekupararira muhuwandu, chakaverengerwa semusiyano uripo pakati pehukuru hwepamusoro nehudiki. Pasinei nekureruka kwaro, huwandu hunobatsira zvikuru pakuwana kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwekuchinja kwedata, kuenzanisa mapoka, uye kuona huwandu hunogona kunge hwakanyanya. Zvisinei, nekuti hunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nezvinobuda kunze uye hahumiriri zvizere kugoverwa kwedata, huwandu hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamwe chete nezvimwe zviyero zvehuwandu.
Nekunzwisisa maitiro ekuverenga nekududzira huwandu hwedata, unogona kuita ongororo yekutanga yenhamba nekukurumidza uye nemazvo, uye kuita sarudzo dzekutanga dzichitsigirwa nepfupiso dzakajeka dzedata.
