Kuongororwa kweData Uchishandisa Frequency Polygon muStatistics
Muhuwandu hwehuwandu, kuratidzwa kwedata idanho rakakosha usati wawana mhedziso. Data rinotanga riine nhamba dzisina kurongeka rinowanzo kuve rakaoma kunzwisisa kana risina kurongeka zvakanaka uye kuratidzwa. Imwe nzira inoshanda yekuratidza kugoverwa kwedata ndeyekushandisa ma frequency polygons. Ma frequency polygons anotibatsira kuona mapatani ekugoverwa kwedata, maitiro ekutonga, uye chimiro chekugoverwa (semuenzaniso, symmetrical, skew, kana kuva ne peak inopfuura imwe). Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pfungwa yema frequency polygons, maitiro ekuagadzira, maitiro ekuadudzira, uye mashandisirwo awo mukuongorora data rehuwandu.
Kunzwisisa Maporigoni Akajairwa
Frequency polygon igrafu yemutsara inoratidza kugoverwa kwehuwandu hwedata rakarongwa. Girafu iyi inoumbwa nekubatanidza mapoinzi anomiririra mafrequencies pa midpoints dzekirasi. Kusiyana nehistogram, ine mitsetse, frequencing polygon imutsetse, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune vanoongorora kuenzanisa mapatani ekugoverwa kwemapoka edata akawanda mukati megirafu imwe chete.
Mapolgoni enguva dzose anowanzo shandiswa kana tichida kuratidza shanduko kana mafambiro emafolfiti zviri nyore. Semuenzaniso, pakuongorora mamakisi ebvunzo, kureba, huremu, kana data rekugadzira, mapolgoni enguva dzose anogona kuratidza kana data racho rakanyanya kuunganidzwa mune imwe nzvimbo kana kuti rakagoverwa zvakaenzana.
MaPolygon Anoshandiswa Rini?
Ma polygons anowanzo shandiswa kana data:
1. Muchimiro chedata rehuwandu (semuenzaniso kukosha, huremu, kureba, nguva).
2. Ndakamboiswa kana kuti ndaida kuiswa muzvikamu zvekirasi.
3. Zvakakosha kuenzanisa kugoverwa kwezvikamu zviviri kana kupfuura mugirafu imwe chete, nekuti mitsara iri nyore kuunganidza pane mitsetse yehistogram.
Maporigoni enguva dzose anobatsirawo zvikuru padanho rekuongorora data, kureva kuti kana vaongorori vachida kunzwisisa hunhu hwedata vasati vaita ongororo yakawanda yakadai sekuyedza nhamba, kudzokorora, kana kufanotaura.
Zvinhu Zvakakosha muFrequency Polygon
Kuti ugadzire frequency polygon, zvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa:
- Chikamu chekirasi: huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoparadzanisa data mumapoka akati wandei.
- Kuwanda kwedata: huwandu hwedata rinopinda muchikamu chega chega chekirasi.
- Kirasi yepakati: kukosha kwepakati kwechikamu chakaverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[
\text{Midpoint} = \frac{\text{lower limit} + \text{upper limit}}{2}
\]
– X na Y axes: X axis ine kirasi yepakati, nepo Y axis ichiratidza frequency.
Nechikamu ichi, tinogona kudhirowa mapoinzi (pakati, frequency) tobva taabatanidza kuita mutsetse.
Matanho Ekugadzira Frequency Polygon
Aya ndiwo matanho akajairika ekugadzira frequency polygon kubva padata raw:
1. Kuronga Data uye Kusarudza Makirasi Akawanda
Danho rekutanga kugadzirira data raw. Mushure meizvozvo, sarudza huwandu hwemakirasi (k). Imwe nzira inozivikanwa ndeye fomura yeSturges:
\[
k = 1 + 3{,}3 \log(n)
\]
apo \(n\) iri nhamba yedata.
2. Sarudza Range uye Upamhi hweKirasi
Verenga huwandu hwedata:
\[
R = x_{\text{max}} – x_{\text{min}}
\]
Ipapo upamhi hwekirasi hunogona kuverengerwa:
\[
p = \frac{R}{k}
\]
Upamhi hwekirasi hunowanzo tenderera kuti zvive nyore kushandisa.
3. Gadzira Tafura Yekugovera Mafambiro
Ronga nguva dzekirasi, wobva waverenga kuti mangani mapoinzi edata anowira muchikamu chimwe nechimwe. Mugumisiro wacho itable yekugoverwa kwema frequency.
4. Verenga Pakati Pekirasi Yega Yega
Pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, verenga pakati. Pakati apa pachashandiswa paX-axis.
5. Kugadzira Girafu
- Isa nzvimbo yepakati pekirasi pa X axis.
– Isa frequency paY axis.
- Ronga mapoinzi maviri (pakati, frequency).
- Batanidza mapoinzi nemutsetse wakatwasuka.
Kuti polygon "ivharwe" zvakanaka, poindi imwe inowanzo wedzerwa pakutanga nepakupera ne frequency ye zero, pakati pekirasi isati yatanga kirasi yekutanga uye mushure mekirasi yekupedzisira.
Muenzaniso Uri Nyore Wekududzira
Semuenzaniso, poligoni inotenderera inoratidza kukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro-soro pakati pe70, ine frequency yakanyanya. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukosha kunowanzoitika kunenge 70, zvichiratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevadzidzi rwuri pamusoro pemutengo iwoyo. Kana polygon ikada kunyura zvakanyanya kurudyi (hukuru hukuru) uye ichienda kuruboshwe (hukuru hudiki), kugoverwa kwedata kunogona kutsaurirwa kuruboshwe; zvakasiyana, kana ikaenda kurudyi, kugoverwa kunotsaurirwa kurudyi.
Pamusoro pechimiro, kutsveyama kwemutsetse kunoratidzawo kuchinja kwehuwandu pakati pemakirasi. Kuwedzera kwakasimba kunoratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwenhamba yemapoinzi edata mukirasi inotevera. Kudzikira kwakasimba kunoratidza zvakapesana.
Kuwanda kwePolygon vs Histogram
Kunyangwe zvese zvichitsanangura kugoverwa kwema frequency, pane misiyano yakakosha:
1. Chimiro chinoonekwa
– Histogram: mabhawa ari pedyo.
- Mapoinzi akawanda: mitsetse inobatanidza nzvimbo.
2. Kuenzanisa kuri nyore
- Mahistogram akaoma kuunganidza mumapoka mazhinji.
- Ma polygon anowanzo shandiswa ari nyore kuenzanisa mugirafu imwe chete.
3. Kuverenga kwemapatani
- Mapolygoni anoratidza zvakajeka chimiro chemugero wekugoverwa.
- Histogram inobatsira kuona chimiro chekirasi zvakadzama.
Mukuita, ma frequency polygon anowanzo gadzirwa zvichibva pama histograms: nzvimbo dziri pakati pebhawa rega rega re histogram dzakabatana netambo.
Mabhenefiti eFrequency Polygon muKuongorora Data
Mapolgoni anowanzo shandiswa haasi mifananidzo chete, asi maturusi ekuongorora. Zvimwe zvezvakanakira:
1. Ziva nzvimbo yedata (tsika yepakati)
Nhamba yepamusoro yepolygon inoratidza kirasi yemode, kureva kuti chikamu chine frequency yepamusoro.
2. Tarisa kugoverwa (kushanduka)
Mapolygoni akafara anoratidza data rakasiyana-siyana; mapolygoni akatetepa anoratidza data rakanyanya kuunganidzwa.
3. Ongorora fomu rekugovera
Kugoverwa kunogona kuva kwakaenzana, kwakakombama, kana kuti kuenzana (mativi maviri). Izvi zvakakosha pakusarudza dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora.
4. Kuenzanisa mapoka
Semuenzaniso, kuenzanisa kukosha kwekirasi A nekirasi B, kana mhedzisiro yekugadzirwa kwemuchina 1 nemuchina 2. Mapolygon maviri anogona kudhonzwa pamwe chete kuti aone mutsauko mukugoverwa.
5. Kuona data risingawanzoitiki
Kana paine misoro midiki iri kure negomo guru, panogona kunge paine mapoka akasiyana edata, zvikanganiso zvekupinda, kana kuti zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika uye Mazano Ekushandira
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika pakugadzira ma frequency polygons zvinosanganisira:
- Shandisa miganhu yekirasi paX-axis, kwete pakati pekirasi.
- Upamhi hwekirasi hahuwirirane, zvichiita kuti pave nekududzirwa kunotsausa.
- Haiwedzeri mapoinzi e zero frequency kumagumo, saka polygon inoita kunge "yakaturikwa".
- Chikero che axis chisina kuenzana.
Mazano akanaka ekushandira:
- Shandisa nguva dzekirasi dzakafanana.
- Ipa zita rakajeka, mavara akabatana, uye chikero.
- Kana uchienzanisa mapoka maviri, shandisa mavara/mitsara yakasiyana wobva wawedzera ngano.
- Ita shuwa kuti nhamba yemakirasi haisi shoma kana kuti yakawanda zvakanyanya kuitira kuti maitiro ekugovera arambe achiverengwa.
Penutup
Maporigoni enguva dzose inzira inobatsira zvikuru yekuona manhamba ekunzwisisa kugoverwa kwedata rakarongwa. Nekushandisa mapoinzi epakati nepakati ekirasi, maporigoni enguva dzose anopa mufananidzo wakajeka wemapatani edata, anoenzaniswa zviri nyore mumapoka, uye anobatsira vaongorori kuona hunhu hwekugoverwa vasati vaita ongororo yakawedzerwa. Mukuita kwehuwandu hwehuwandu, kugona kuverenga nekuvaka maporigoni enguva dzose hunyanzvi hwakakosha, kunyanya pakuongorora huwandu hwedata. Nekuumbwa kwekirasi kwakakodzera uye kududzira kwakanyatsonaka, maporigoni enguva dzose anogona kuva chishandiso chiri nyore asi chine simba chekutsigira kuita sarudzo dzinotungamirirwa nedata.
