Nzira Dzisiri dzeParametric muStatistics
Munyaya dzezviverengero, nzira dzechinyakare dzeparametric dzinowanzo tonga mamiriro ekuongorora. Nzira idzi dzinowanzo sanganisira fungidziro pamusoro pekugoverwa kwevanhu kwakakosha, senge kurongeka, homoscedasticity, uye linearity. Kunyange hazvo nzira dzeparametric dziine simba uye dzichibatsira mune zvakawanda zviitiko, pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo fungidziro dzadzo dzingasavimbike kana kutyorwa. Apa ndipo panoshanda nzira dzisiri dzeparametric, dzichipa maturusi akasimba uye anoshanda-chinja ekuongorora nhamba pasina fungidziro dzakasimba pamusoro pekugoverwa kwedata. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zvakadzama nzira dzisiri dzeparametric, matekiniki anozivikanwa, uye mashandisirwo adzo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
Kunzwisisa Nzira Dzisiri dzeParametric
Nzira dzisiri dzeparametric, dzinowanzonzi nzira dzisina kugoverwa, inzira dzekuverenga nhamba dzisingafungidzire kugoverwa kwakanangana nehuwandu hwevanhu vanotorwa samples. Dzinonyanya kubatsira pakubata nesaizi diki, kugoverwa kusingazivikanwe, kana data reordinal. Simba guru renzira dzisiri dzeparametric riri mukuchinjika kwadzo uye kusimba kwadzo pakukanganiswa kwefungidziro dzeparametric.
Hunhu Hukuru hweNzira Dzisiri dzeParametric
1. Kusagovera: Nzira dzisiri dzeparametric hadzidi kuti data ritevedzere kugoverwa kwakatarwa, zvichiita kuti rishande zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzedata.
2. Kusimba: Nzira idzi hadzinyanyi kubatwa nezvinhu zvisiri zvepakutanga uye dzine data rakakanganisika, zvichipa mhedzisiro yakavimbika kana paine zvinhu zvisina kujairika.
3. Kuchinja-chinja: Nzira dzisiri dzeparametric dzinogona kushandiswa pamatambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehuwandu, kusanganisira kuyedza fungidziro, kufungidzira, uye kufanotaura.
4. Kureruka: Nzira dzakawanda dzisiri dzeparametric dziri nyore kushandisa uye kududzira, kunyangwe kana uchibata nemaumbirwo akaomarara edata.
Nzira Dzinozivikanwa Dzisina Parametric
Nzira dzinoverengeka dzisingashandisi parameters dzakapararira mukuita kwehuwandu, imwe neimwe ichishandira chinangwa chaicho. Dzimwe dzenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzinosanganisira:
1. Muedzo weChiratidzo
Bvunzo yezviratidzo ibvunzo isiri yeparametric inoshandiswa kuongorora pakati pevanhu. Inoenderana nezviratidzo (zvakanaka kana zvakaipa) zvemusiyano uripo pakati pezvakaonekwa pairi. Bvunzo iyi inobatsira zvikuru kana data riri re ordinal kana kuti patisingakwanise kufungidzira kugoverwa kwakajairika.
– Muenzaniso: Ngatitii tinoda kuyedza kana paine shanduko huru muhuremu hwepakati hwevanhu vasati vadya uye mushure mekudya. Tinogona kuita bvunzo yechiratidzo pamusoro pemusiyano wehuremu hwakabatana kuti tiite ongororo iyi.
2. Bvunzo reWilcoxon Signed-Rank
Bvunzo reWilcoxon rakasainwa-rank inzira ine simba pane bvunzo rakasainwa, rinoshandiswa pakuenzanisa sampuli dzakabatana. Rinoisa pfungwa pahukuru negwara remusiyano, nokudaro richipa rumwe ruzivo nezve data.
- Muenzaniso: Muongorori anogona kushandisa bvunzo yeWilcoxon signed-rank kuenzanisa kushanda kwenzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekudzidzisa pakubudirira kwevadzidzi kuburikidza nemapoinzi ebvunzo dzakabatana.
3. Bvunzo yeMann-Whitney U
Bvunzo yeMann-Whitney U (inozivikanwawo seWilcoxon rank-sum test) inoshandiswa kuenzanisa sampuli mbiri dzakazvimiririra. Inoongorora kana kugoverwa kwevanhu vaviri kwakasiyana, pasina kufunga kuti kwakajairika.
- Muenzaniso: Kuenzanisa avhareji yezvibodzwa zvekugutsikana kwevatengi pakati pezvitoro zviviri zvakasiyana, bvunzo yeMann-Whitney U inogona kushandiswa kuona kana paine musiyano wakakosha pakati pezvibodzwa zvekugutsikana kwezvitoro zviviri izvi.
4. Bvunzo yeKruskal-Wallis
Bvunzo yeKruskal-Wallis inowedzera bvunzo yeMann-Whitney U kumapoka anopfuura maviri. Inoongorora kana paine misiyano yakakura pakati pevaya vari pakati pemasampuli akawanda akazvimiririra.
- Muenzaniso: Nyanzvi yezvekurima inogona kushandisa bvunzo yeKruskal-Wallis kuenzanisa goho repakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzefetereza dzinoshandiswa paminda yakasiyana-siyana.
5. Bvunzo yeChi-Square
Kunyangwe ichiwanzoonekwa pasi pehuwandu hwezviverengero zveparametric, bvunzo ye chi-square inogonawo kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu asiri eparametric. Inoedza kuzvimiririra pakati pezviverengero zve categorical kana kunaka kwekukodzera kwechimwe chiverengero che categorical.
– Muenzaniso: Kuongorora kana paine hukama pakati pemurume kana mukadzi nemurume wekusarudza kuvhota musarudzo kuburikidza nekuyedzwa kwerusununguko kwe chi-square.
6. Muongorori weKaplan-Meier
Kaplan-Meier inoyera hupenyu inoshandiswa pakuongorora kupona, ichiongorora mashandiro ehupenyu kubva padata rehupenyu hwese. Inobatsira zvikuru mukutsvaga kwekurapa pakuongorora nguva dzekurarama kwemurwere.
- Muenzaniso: Kuedzwa kwekiriniki kunogona kushandisa Kaplan-Meier estimator kuenzanisa mikana yekupona kwevarwere vanorapwa kaviri kwakasiyana nekufamba kwenguva.
Mashandisirwo eNzira Dzisiri dzeParametric
Nzira dzisiri dzeparametric dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, dzichipa ruzivo rwakakosha pasina zvirambidzo zveparametric.
1. Mishonga uye Hutano Hweveruzhinji
Mukutsvaga kwekurapa, nzira dzisiri dzeparametric dzinokosha pakuongorora data rekurarama, mhedzisiro yemurwere, uye mhedzisiro yekurapa. Semuenzaniso, Kaplan-Meier estimator uye log-rank test zvinowanzo shandiswa kuongorora kushanda kwemishonga mitsva kana nzira dzekurapa.
2. MaSocial Sayenzi
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinowanzo tarisa data renguva dzose, mhinduro dzeongororo, uye kugoverwa kusiri kwakajairika. Miedzo isiri yeparametric yakaita seMann-Whitney U test uye Kruskal-Wallis test inobvumira vaongorori kuwana mhedziso dzakakodzera nezvemaitiro evanhu, kupindira mudzidzo, uye mhedzisiro yemitemo.
3. Zvehupfumi neBhizinesi
Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi nevanoongorora mabhizinesi vanoshandisa nzira dzisingashandisi miganhu yekudzidza mafambiro emusika, zvinodiwa nevatengi, uye zviratidzo zvehupfumi. Kuchinjika kwenzira idzi kunobvumira ongororo yakasimba kana paine kugoverwa kusiri kweGaussian uye kunze.
4. Zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza
Masayendisiti ezvakatipoteredza anoshandisa nzira dzisingashandisi miganhu yekuongorora data rine chekuita nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu. Nzira idzi dzinobatsira kuwana mhedziso dzakavimbika kubva kudata rezvakatipoteredza iro rinowanzosiyana nekugoverwa kwekare.
5. Injiniya
Mainjiniya anoshandisa nzira dzisiri dzeparametric mukutonga mhando, kuyedza kuvimbika, uye kuvandudza mashandiro. Matekiniki akadai sekuyedza rank-sum uye bvunzo yechiratidzo anobatsira mukuongorora mashandiro echigadzirwa uye kuona zvinhu zvakakosha mumaitiro ekugadzira.
mhedziso
Nzira dzisiri dzeparametric muhuwandu hwezviverengero dzinopa chishandiso chine simba uye chinochinjika chekuongorora data risingasvike zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvehunyanzvi hweparametric. Kusimba kwadzo, kushanduka-shanduka, uye nyore kwadzo zvinoita kuti dzive dzinokosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumishonga kusvika kumainjiniya. Nekusiya fungidziro pamusoro pekupararira kwevanhu, nzira dzisiri dzeparametric dzinogonesa vanoongorora nhamba dzezviverengero nevaongorori kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha kubva mudhatabhesi dzakasiyana-siyana, vachivimbisa kuvimbika uye kushanda kwemhedziso dzavo. Sezvo data richiramba richichinja mukuoma uye huwandu, kukosha uye kushanda kwenzira dzisiri dzeparametric muhuwandu hwezviverengero kucharamba kuchikura.
