Chii chinonzi Correlation Analysis?
Kuongororwa kwekubatana inzira yekuverenga inoshandiswa kuongorora simba negwara rehukama hwakatsetseka pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinochinja huwandu. Kuongorora uku kwakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kumari nehupfumi kusvika kuinjiniya nesainzi yemagariro evanhu, zvichipa ruzivo rwekuti shanduko mune chimwe chinhu chingabatanidzwa sei nekuchinja mune chimwe.
Nheyo dzeKubatana
Pachinyanya kukosha, kuwirirana kunoyera kuti mavariable maviri anofamba sei pamwe chete. Kana mavariable maviri achiwanzowedzera kana kuderera panguva imwe chete, anonzi ane hukama hwakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chimwe chinowanzowedzera kana chimwe chikadzikira, chine hukama husina kunaka. Kana pasina patani inooneka mukufamba kwavo, mavariable maviri haana hukama.
Kuyera Kuwirirana
Nhamba inonyanya kushandiswa mukuongorora kubatana kwenhamba ndeye Pearson correlation coefficient, inoratidzwa se \( r \). Iyi coefficient inotangira pa -1 kusvika pa 1, apo:
– \( r = 1 \): Hukama hwakanaka hwakakwana hwemutsara.
– \( r = -1 \): Hukama hwakakwana hwemutsara husina kunaka.
– \( r = 0 \): Hapana hukama hwakatsetseka.
Zvimwe zviyero zvekubatana zvinosanganisira Spearman's rank correlation uye Kendall's tau, izvo zvakasimba kune hukama husina kurongeka uye husina kurongeka.
Kuverengerwa kwePearson's r
Pearson coefficient inoverengwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ r = \frac{\text{cov}(X, Y)}{\sigma_X \sigma_Y} \]
kupi:
– \(\text{cov}(X, Y)\) ndiyo covariance iri pakati pevariables X na Y.
– \(\sigma_X\) uye \(\sigma_Y\) ndiwo madhiri akajairwa eX naY, zvichiteerana.
Fomura iyi inonyanya kuenzana ne covariance nemhedzisiro ye standard deviations ye variables, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro haina chiyero uye yakaganhurirwa pakati pe -1 ne1.
Dudziro yeKuwirirana
Kunzwisisa kukosha kwe \(r \) kwakakosha pakutsanangura mhedzisiro yekuongorora hukama. Kazhinji:
– 0.0 – 0.19: Kubatana kwacho hakuna kusimba zvakanyanya kana kusingakoshi.
– 0.2 – 0.39 : Kusawirirana kusina kusimba.
– 0.4 – 0.59 : Kuwirirana kuri pakati nepakati.
– 0.6 – 0.79 : Kubatana kwakasimba.
– 0.8 – 1.0 : Kubatana kwakasimba kwazvo.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kuwirirana hakurevi chikonzero. Kuwirirana kukuru pakati pezvinhu zviviri hazvirevi kuti chimwe chinhu chinokonzera chimwe kuchinja.
Mashandisirwo eKuongorora Kubatana
1. Mari
Munyaya dzemari, ongororo yehukama inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuongorora hukama huripo pakati pemasheya, mabhondi, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mukudyara mari. Semuenzaniso, kunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana kunogona kubatsira mukusiyana kwemari, sezvo kubatanidza zvinhu zvisina hukama kana kuti zvine hukama hwakaipa kunogona kuderedza njodzi.
2. Zvehupfumi
Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzinoshandisa ongororo yehukama pakati pezviratidzo zvehupfumi. Semuenzaniso, hukama huripo pakati pehuwandu hwekushaya mabasa nekukura kweGDP hunogona kuongororwa kuti hunzwisise mamiriro ehupfumi akakura.
3. Sainzi dzehutano
Musainzi yehutano, hukama hunogona kubatsira kuona hukama hunogona kuitika pakati pezvinhu zvine chekuita nemararamiro nemigumisiro yehutano. Semuenzaniso, vaongorori vanogona kuongorora hukama huripo pakati pehuwandu hwemabasa emuviri uye huwandu hwezvirwere zvemwoyo.
4. Sainzi Yemagariro Evanhu
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu nenyanzvi dzepfungwa vanowanzoshandisa hukama pakati pezvinhu zvakaita semazinga emari inowanikwa uye kugona kwedzidzo, kana pakati pemazinga ekushushikana nekushanda zvakanaka kwebasa.
Kuganhurirwa kweKuongororwa kwehukama
Pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo kwakapararira, ongororo yekubatana kwemaonero ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda:
1. Kubatana Hakuna Kuenzana Nechikonzero:
Kunyangwe mavariable maviri angabatanidzwa, izvi hazvirevi kuti chimwe chinokonzera chimwe. Zvinhu zvekunze kana mavariable echitatu (mavariable anovhiringidza) zvinogona kukanganisa mavariable ese ari maviri, zvichigadzira hukama hwenhema.
2. Kurongeka:
Kubatana kwaPearson kunoyera hukama hwakatsetseka chete. Kana hukama huri pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvisina kutsetseka, chiyero chekubatana chingave chiri kutsausa.
3. Kunzwisisa Zvinhu Zvisingakoshi:
Ma coefficients ekubatana anogona kunyanya kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki. Makoshero mashoma akawandisa anogona kukanganisa hukama, zvichiita kuti huite sehwakasimba kana husina kusimba kupfuura zvazviri chaizvo.
4. Kufanana:
Chiyero chekubatana chinoratidza kufanana kwemusiyano pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana fungidziro iyi ikatyorwa, zvinogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro isiriyo.
Matekiniki Epamusoro Ekubatana
Kuti vadzivise zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi izvi, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzepamusoro dzinogona kushandiswa:
- Kubatana Kwechikamu: Iyi nzira inoyera hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zviviri uku ichidzora mhedzisiro yechinhu chimwe chete kana kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu.
- Kubatana kweCanonical: Izvi zvinoshandiswa kunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvezviyero, pane kungova zviviri zvega zvega.
- Kuongorora zvinhu zvakawanda: Matekiniki akadai sekudzokorora zvinhu zvakawanda anogona kubatsira kuongorora hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete.
Matanho Ekuita Ongororo Yehukama
1. Kuunganidzwa kweData:
Tanga nekuunganidza data rakakodzera, uchiita shuwa kuti rakanyorwa nehuwandu uye rinofukidza huwandu hweongororo.
2. Kuongorora Zvinoonekwa:
Kuronga data uchishandisa nzira dzekuparadzira data kunogona kupa ruzivo rwehukama usati waita bvunzo dzehuwandu.
3. Kuverenga:
Shandisa software yekuverenga nhamba kana manual calculations kuti uone coefficient yekubatana.
4. Dudziro:
Ongorora hukuru negwara rehukama, uchifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinhu zvinogona kuitika kunze.
5. Kusimbiswa:
Simbisa zvabuda neruzivo rwakawedzerwa kana dzimwe nzira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvabuda zvakasimba.
mhedziso
Kuongorora hukama chishandiso chine simba chiri mudura renyanzvi yezvehuwandu, chinopa ruzivo rwakakosha muhukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kunzwisisa miganhu yaro uye kuishandisa pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzekuwana mhedziso dzakarurama uye dzine musoro. Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, kuongorora hukama kunogona kujekesa maitiro nehukama hwaigona kuramba hwakavanzwa, zvichisimudzira ruzivo muminda yakawanda.
