Zvinhu Zvakakosha Pakugadzira Smartphone
Mafoni efoni ave zvishandiso zvakakosha muhupenyu hwemazuva ano, zvichikanganisa zvikuru nzira yatinotaurirana nayo, yatinoshanda nayo, uye yatinotosangana nayo nevamwe. Zvisinei, shure kwe touchscreen yakapfava uye dhizaini yakanaka, kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvetekinoroji zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvipe ruzivo rwakanakisisa rwemushandisi. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoumba smartphone uye basa rinoitwa nechimwe nechimwe mukushanda kwayo.
Purosesa/Sisitimu paChip (SoC)
Purosesa, kana kuti System on Chip (SoC), ipfungwa dzefoni. SoC inobatanidza zvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda muchip imwe chete, zvinosanganisira CPU (Central Processing Unit), GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), uye modem. Makambani akaita seQualcomm, Apple, neMediaTek vagadziri vane mukurumbira veSoCs, izvo zvinopa simba kumafoni mazhinji mazuva ano.
CPU
CPU inoshanda semuchina mukuru wekugadzirisa, ichiita mabasa ekuverenga nekunyora. Vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) architecture nekuda kwekushanda kwayo zvakanaka maererano nekushandiswa kwesimba uye mashandiro aro.
GPU
GPU ine basa rekugadzira mifananidzo, kungave mumashandisirwo emushandisi, mitambo, kana mamwe maapplication akavakirwa pamifananidzo. GPU ine simba inoita kuti mifananidzo ive yakatsetseka uye inopindura, zvichivandudza ruzivo rwese rwemushandisi.
Modem
Modem iri muSoC inobvumira mafoni kuti abatanidzwe kune akasiyana ma network ekutaurirana, anosanganisira 4G LTE ne5G. Kufambira mberi uku kwetekinoroji ye network kunoita kuti kutamiswa kwedata nekukurumidza uye kubatana kwakasimba.
Screen
Chiratidziro ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kutaurirana pafoni, apo mushandisi anosangana zvakananga nemudziyo wacho. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezviratidziro dziri kushandiswa, uye dzinonyanya kushandiswa dziri LCD neOLED.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Ratidza)
MaLCD achiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemitengo yawo yakaderera yekugadzira. Anogadzira ruvara rwakanaka uye kupenya, kunyangwe mune mamwe mamodheru, kunaka kwekuratidzira kwavo kunogona kunge kwakaderera pane maOLED.
OLED (Organic Chiedza Emitting Diode)
Magirazi eOLED ane mabhenefiti akawanda kupfuura maLCD, anosanganisira kusiyana kwakanyanya, mavara akapfuma, uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma. Mamwe mamodheru emhando yepamusoro ari kushandisa tekinoroji yeAMOLED (Active Matrix OLED) kuti mifananidzo ive yemhando yepamusoro.
Baterai
Bhatiri chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa hupenyu hwemuchina. Mafoni mazhinji emazuva ano anoshandisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) kana e-lithium-polymer (Li-Po) nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu kwawo uye kushanda nesimba.
Kugona uye Kuchaja
Mabhatiri anoyerwa nema milliampere-hours (mAh), zvichiratidza kugona kwawo simba. Kunze kwekukwanisa, tekinoroji yekuchaja nekukurumidza inokoshawo. Zvinhu zvakaita seQualcomm's Quick Charge kana Fast Charging pane zvimwe zvishandiso zvinoita kuti bhatiri rikwanise kuchaja zvizere munguva pfupi.
Masisitimu Ekushanda uye Software
Sisitimu yekushandisa (OS) chikamu chakakosha chesoftware chinotarisira zvese zvishandiso zvefoni uye software. MaOS akadai seGoogle's Android neApple's iOS ndiwo maviri anonyanya kutengeswa pamusika.
Android
Android isystem inoshanda yakasununguka, yakavakirwa paLinux, inobvumira vagadziri nevagadziri vemaapplication kuti vagone kuchinjika. Zvinhu zvakaita seGoogle Play Store, Google Assistant, uye Google Services integration ndizvo zvakanakira Android.
iOS
iOS isystem inoshanda isina chinhu yakagadzirwa neApple zvakanangana nemidziyo yayo. Yakachengeteka zvakanyanya, dhizaini yayo yeUI isinganzwisisike, uye ecosystem yayo yakabatana nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zveApple zvinoita kuti iOS ive yakakurumbira zvikuru.
kamera
Kamera iri pafoni haisisiri chinhu chekuwedzera; kune vazhinji vashandisi, ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekusarudza modhi. Mafoni mazhinji emazuva ano ane malenzi akawanda emakamera ekushandisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekutora mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo.
Lenzi huru
Lenzi huru inowanzova neresolution yepamusoro, inokwanisa kutora ruzivo rwakajeka. Zvinhu zvakaita se optical image stabilization (OIS) zvinobatsirawo kuderedza kusviba kwemifananidzo kunokonzerwa nekubata maoko.
Magirazi Anotsigira
Mamwe malenzi anowanzo kuwanikwa anosanganisira lenzi ine angle yakafara zvikuru yekutora mifananidzo ine angle yakafara, lenzi ine macro yekutora mifananidzo iri pedyo, uye lenzi ine telephoto yekutora mifananidzo. Mimwe michina inewo sensor ye depth ye bokeh effects muma portraits.
Memory
Kuyeuka chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuti smartphone inogona sei kushandisa mapurogiramu nekuchengetedza data nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM inzvimbo yekuchengetera data kwenguva pfupi inokanganisa mashandiro ekuita mabasa akawanda panguva imwe chete. Kana uine RAM yakawanda, unogona kushandisa maapplication akawanda panguva imwe chete usingakanganisi mashandiro.
Kuchengeta Kwemukati
Kuchengetera mukati ndiko kunochengeterwa data rese remushandisi, maapplication, uye operating system. Kugona kuchengetedza kunosiyana, kubva pa32GB kusvika kune akawanda materabytes pamamodeli epamusoro. Mamwe mafoni anotsigirawo kuwedzera kwekuchengetedza kuburikidza nemakadhi emicroSD.
MaSensor uye Kubatana
Switch
Mafoni emazuva ano ane masensa akasiyana-siyana ekuvandudza mashandiro. Mamwe masensa akajairika anosanganisira accelerometer yekuona kurongeka kwemudziyo, gyroscope yekugadzikana kwekufamba, uye sensor yechiedza yekugadzirisa kupenya kwechiso. Mamwe masensa, akadai sema fingerprint scanners uye kuziva kumeso, anowedzera imwe layer yekuchengetedzwa.
Kubatana
Zvinhu zvekubatanidza zvinoshandawo kunze kwemafoni neWi-Fi. Mafoni anotsigirawo Bluetooth kune zvimwe zvishandiso zvakaita semaearphone nemasmartwatches, pamwe neNFC (Near Field Communication) yekutengeserana nefoni uye kugovera data.
Audio
Sisitimu yeruzha inokanganisawo zvakanyanya ruzivo rwemushandisi. Maspika eStereo, jack yemahedhifoni, uye matekinoroji ekuteerera akaita seDolby Atmos anogona kupa ruzha rwemhando yepamusoro, rwakakosha pakushandisa midhiya uye kufona.
Kaseji uye Furemu
Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, kesi nefuremu zvinodzivirira zvese izvi. Zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, girazi, uye mapurasitiki emhando yepamusoro zvinoshandiswa kuona kuti mudziyo uyu haungoratidzike sewepamusoro chete asiwo wakasimba. Mafoni mazhinji emhando yepamusoro ikozvino anouya nedziviriro yemvura neguruva, inoyerwa neIP (Ingress Protection).
Mhedziso
Nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakadaro, kugadzira mafoni emafoni kunoda nzira yakakwana. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvese, kubva kuma processor ane simba uye ma display emhando yepamusoro kusvika kumabhatiri anogara kwenguva refu uye makamera anoshanda akawanda. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi zvakakosha hakungopi ruzivo rwe tekinoroji iri mumafoni asiwo kunobatsira vatengi kuita sarudzo dzakangwara pavanosarudza mudziyo unonyatsokodzera zvavanoda.
