Maitiro Ekugadzira Zviratidziro zveQHD zveMafoni
Zviratidziro zveQHD (Quad High Definition) zvave chinhu chakakosha pamafoni epakati kusvika kune epamusoro. Izwi rekuti QHD mumafoni rinowanzoreva resolution inosvika 2560 × 1440 pixels (kana imwe mhando ine extended aspect ratio yakaita se3200 × 1440), iyo inopa kupinza uye ruzivo rwakadzama rwemavara, mapikicha, mavhidhiyo, uye zviitiko zvemitambo. Zvisinei, shure kwehunhu hwemufananidzo hwakajeka kune maitiro akaomarara, akanyatsojeka ekugadzira anosanganisira tekinoroji yepamusoro yezvinhu. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora matanho akakosha ekugadzira zviratidziro zveQHD, kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakuyedzwa kwekupedzisira.
1. Tsanangudzo yePanel uye Dhizaini yeMagadzirirwo
Maitiro ekugadzira anotanga kare kare fekitari isati yagadzira mapaneru. Chikwata cheR&D chinogadzira zvinodiwa: saizi yechidzitiro (semuenzaniso, 6,5 inches), mhando yepaneru (OLED/AMOLED kana LCD), mwero wekuzorodza (60 Hz, 120 Hz, kana kunyange 144 Hz), kupenya kwakanyanya, kushanda nesimba, rutsigiro rweHDR, uye zvinangwa zvekuburitsa mavara (DCI-P3, sRGB) uye kururama (Delta E).
Danho iri rinoonawo magadzirirwo epixel (semuenzaniso, RGB stripe kana Pentile paOLED), dhizaini ye aperture ratio (chiyero chenzvimbo dzinoburitsa chiedza), uye chimiro che layer, izvo zvinokanganisa kufambiswa kwechiedza, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Kune QHD, dambudziko nderekuona kuti pixel density yakakwira pasina kukanganisa kupenya uye kushanda zvakanaka.
2. Kugadzirira Substrate: Nheyo yePanel
Substrate ndiyo "nheyo" iyo yakavakirwa chiratidziro chose. Mapaneru emazuva ano eOLED emafoni anowanzo shandisa magirazi matete zvakanyanya kana mapurasitiki anochinjika (semuenzaniso, polyimide) kuti abvumire skrini kukombama kana kuve nemabezel matete. Kune maLCD, substrate inowanzo kuve girazi.
Chikamu chekugadzirira chinosanganisira kuchenesa nemakemikari, kuomesa, uye kuongorora pamusoro. Kunyangwe zvidimbu zvidiki kana zvinhu zvidiki zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwemapikiseli, kubuda kwechiedza, kana kusarongeka kwemavara. Nokudaro, maitiro acho anoitirwa muimba yekugezera ine kuchena kwakanyanya.
3. Maitiro eTFT Backplane: Pixel Control "Circuit"
OLED neLCD zvinoda TFT (Thin Film Transistor) layer se backplane, network yema transistors inodzora pixel yega yega. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nekuti QHD resolution inoreva huwandu hwakawanda hwema pixel; pixel yega yega ine ma subpixels anoda kudzorwa, zvichiwedzera kuomarara kwecircuit.
Matanho akajairika ekuumba TFT anosanganisira:
1. Kuisa firimu rakatetepa: Zvinhu zve semiconductor (semuenzaniso LTPS—Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon kana LTPO—Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide) zvinoiswa pane substrate.
2. Photolithography: Patani yedunhu re transistor inodhindwa uchishandisa photoresist ne mask. Maitiro aya anosarudza kunyatsojeka kwehukuru hwechinhu, kusanganisira nzira dzesimbi nenzvimbo ye transistor.
3. Kucheka nekuchenesa: Zvikamu zvisingadiwi zvinobviswa kuburikidza nemaitiro emakemikari/plasma.
4. Kunyungudutsa: Kudziyisa kunodzorwa kuti kunatsiridze chimiro chekristaro uye kuwedzera kufamba kwemaerekitironi.
Tekinoroji yeLTPO iri kuwana mukurumbira muQHD displays ine adaptive refresh rates nekuda kwekushanda kwayo nesimba rakawanda. Zvisinei, maitiro ayo ekugadzira akaomarara nekuti anosanganisa hunhu hweLTPS neoxide.
4. Kuumbwa kweEmission Layer (OLED) kana Liquid Crystal Layer (LCD)
Panguva ino, kufamba kwemaitiro kunosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nerudzi rwepaneru.
a) Kana QHD OLED/AMOLED
Mapaneru eOLED anoda jira reorganic rinoburitsa chiedza. Iri jira rinogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira dzakadai se vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) uchishandisa mask yesimbi yakanaka (FMM), kana dzimwe nzira dzakadai sekudhinda inkjet mune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira.
– Masiki Yesimbi Yakanaka (FMM): Masiki yakatetepa kwazvo inoshandiswa kuisa zvinhu zveRGB organic munzvimbo dzakakodzera dze subpixel. Kune resolutions dzakakwirira seQHD, kunyatsorongeka kwe alignment kwakakosha. Masiki inogona kukotama kana kuchinja nekuda kwekupisa, zvichida voltage yakasimba uye kudzora tembiricha.
– Cathode ne anode layers: Ma electrodes akapfava (semuenzaniso ITO—Indium Tin Oxide) uye mamwe ma layers esimbi anoumba chimiro che organic diode.
Mushure mekuiswa, mapaneru anofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kuhunyoro neokisijeni, sezvo zvinhu zvechisikigo zvichinyanya kubatwa.
b) Kana QHD LCD
MaLCD haaburitse chiedza pachawo uye anoda backlight. Maumbirwo awo makuru anosanganisira:
- Kurongeka kwechikamu kuti ugadzirise kurongeka kwemakristaro emvura
- Zvikamu zvinopa mukana wekuona kuti girazi riri kure zvakadii
- Kuzadzwa kwekristaro yemvura kuburikidza nekushandisa nzira yekuzadza vacuum
- Chisimbiso chekuvhara mapaneru
MumaLCD eQHD, matambudziko makuru anosanganisira kufanana kwekugoverwa kwekristaro yemvura uye kudzora ukobvu kudzivirira kusiyana kwemavara kana kubuda kwechiedza.
5. Sefa yemavara uye Polarizer (Kunyanya paLCD)
MumaLCD, mafirita emavara ndiwo machira akakosha ekugadzira mavara matsvuku, egirini, uye ebhuruu. Mafirita aya anogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ekudzokorora ephotolithography yeruvara rumwe nerumwe. Mushure mezvo, polarizer inoiswa kuti idzore polarization yechiedza, zvichibvumira LCD kuti "ivhare" kana "ipfuure" chiedza kubva kumwenje wekumashure.
MumaOLED, mapolarizers anogonawo kushandiswa (semuenzaniso kuderedza kupenya), asi mamwe magadzirirwo emazuva ano anoshandisa dzimwe nzira dzakadai semachira ekudzivirira kupenya (AR) uye matekiniki epolarizer akatenderedzwa.
6. Kuvharira: Kunodzivirira Panel kubva kuNzvimbo Yakatipoteredza
Kuvhara jira (encapsulation) inzira yekuisa chifukidziro chekudzivirira, kunyanya chakakosha kune maOLED. Kune nzira mbiri dzakajairika:
– Kuvharwa kwegirazi (kwakaoma, kwakajairika mune mamwe magadzirirwo)
– Thin-Film Encapsulation (TFE) (inowanikwa mumaOLED anochinjika), inova zvidimbu zvitete zvisingasanganisike-organic zvakarongwa kakawanda kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura/oxygen.
Kuvharwa kwemukati kunofanira kunge kwakasimba; kudonha kudiki kunogona kukonzera "mavanga matema" anozowedzera nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.
7. Kuchinja-chinja: Kubatanidza Mapaneru muScreen Module
Kana base panel yapera, maitiro acho anoenderera mberi kusvika padanho re module. Pano, panel inosanganiswa nezvinhu zvinotsigira:
– Girazi rekufukidza (semuenzaniso Gorilla Glass)
- Sensor yekubata (iri mufoni, iri mufoni, kana yakaparadzana)
- Optical clear adhesive (OCA) yekudzivirira kusina mabhurumu
- Mutyairi weIC netambo inochinjika (FPC) yekubatanidza nebhodhibhodhi
Kuisa lamination idanho rakakosha: guruva kana mabubbles zvinokanganisa zvikuru kunaka. Kune QHD screens, zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinogona kuoneka zvakajeka nekuti kupinza kwakanyanya kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuona.
8. Kugadzirisa Ruvara uye Kugadzirisa Magadzirirwo eOptical Parameter
Mapaneru eQHD anowanzo shandiswa kuratidza mavara akarurama uye akafanana. Nekuti kusiyana kwekugadzirwa kunogona kukonzera mutsauko muhunhu pakati pemapaneru, vagadziri:
- Kuongororwa kwenzvimbo chena (semuenzaniso D65)
- Kurongeka kweGamma
- Kuyerwa kwenzvimbo ine ruvara (sRGB/DCI-P3)
- Kugadziriswa kwekufanana kwekupenya
Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuchengetwa seprofile mundangariro yepaneru kana kubhadharwa nesoftware iri pamudziyo.
9. Kudzora Hunhu: Kuedza Kwakasimba Kuti Urambe Uchienderana
Mapaneru asati atumirwa kumusangano wefoni, bvunzo dzakatevedzana dzinoitwa:
- Kuongorora Pixel: kunoona mapikiseli akafa/akanamatira kana kusafanana kwe subpixel
- Bvunzo yekuenzana: inotarisa kuenderana kwemavara uye kupenya kwawo
– Kuedza kupisa (OLED chete): kushandisa panel pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kuti ugadzirise hunhu hwepakutanga uye kuona matambudziko anogona kuitika nekukurumidza.
- Kuedza kubata: kunovimbisa mhinduro yekubata yakapfava uye yakarurama
- Bvunzo yekuvimbika: bvunzo yekupisa/hunyoro, bvunzo yekudonha kwemodule, cycling yekupisa, uye bvunzo yekukwegura
Mapaneru asingakwanirise zvinodiwa achaiswa muzvikamu zvitsva (kuiswa mumabhanga) kana kurambwa.
10. Matambudziko Makuru muKugadzirwa kweZviratidzo zveQHD
Kuwedzera resolution kuQHD kunowedzera mutoro kune zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa. Zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakuwanda kwema pixel:
- Photolithography yakanyatsojeka
– Mask yakasimba uye kurongeka kwayo (OLED neFMM chete)
- Madhiraivha eIC uye nzira dzezviratidzo zvinokwanisa kubata data rakakura
- Dzora mashandisirwo esimba kuti bhatiri rirambe richishanda zvakanaka
Pamusoro pezvo, QHD inowanzobatanidzwa nemitengo yepamusoro yekuzorodza, iyo inoda matekinoroji epamusoro-soro ebackplane (semuenzaniso LTPO) uye kugadzirisa kwakazara pakati pehardware nesoftware.
Penutup
Maitiro ekugadzira maQHD smartphone displays musanganiswa wesainzi yezvinhu, semiconductor engineering, uye kutonga kwemhando yepamusoro. Kubva pakuumbwa kwakaoma kweTFT backplane, kusvika pakuiswa kwe emissive layer kana liquid crystal, kusvika pakuvharwa uye kuenzaniswa kwemavara, nhanho yega yega inofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo. Mhedzisiro yacho idisplay yakajeka, ine mavara, uye inopindura - chinhu chinowanzoonekwa neruzivo rwemazuva ano rwevashandisi vemafoni.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chive chehunyanzvi (semuenzaniso kukurukura nezveLTPO vs LTPS, Pentile subpixel structure, kana ruzivo rwematanho ephotolithography), kana kuti chinonyanya kufarirwa uye chiri nyore kunzwisisa kune muverengi.
