Basa raPlankton muMarine Food Chain
Nyika yakakura uye isinganzwisisike yegungwa ine zvipenyu zvakawanda, chimwe nechimwe chichiita basa guru mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwacho kwakasimba. Pakati peizvi, plankton—kunyange zvazvo iri duku zvikuru—inoonekwa sezvinhu zvikuru zvezvakatipoteredza zvemugungwa. Hazvingobatsiri chete pakudya kwemugungwa asiwo zvine simba guru pamamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana anoitwa neplankton muketani yezvikafu zvemugungwa, kupatsanurwa kwazvo, uye kukosha kwazvo kwezvakatipoteredza.
Chii chinonzi Plankton?
Plankton ine boka rezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofamba-famba mumvura yegungwa. Izwi rekuti "plankton" rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "planktos," rinoreva "mufambi" kana kuti "mudzungairi." Zvinogona kuiswa mumapoka maviri makuru: phytoplankton (zvisikwa zvakaita semiti) uye zooplankton (zvisikwa zvakaita semhuka).
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton zvinhu zvipenyu zvidiki-diki, zvinogadzira photosynthesis zvinoumba hwaro hwecheni yechikafu chemugungwa. Kufanana nemiti yepasi, zvinoshandisa chiedza chezuva kushandura kabhoni dioxide nemvura kuita glucose neokisijeni kuburikidza nekuita photosynthesis. Mienzaniso inosanganisira diatoms, dinoflagellates, uye cyanobacteria.
Zooplankton
Kune rumwe rutivi, Zooplankton hadzina mafambiro akasiyana uye dzinodya phytoplankton kana zvimwe zooplankton. Idzi inobatanidza zvakakosha pakati pevanogadzira hove huru (phytoplankton) nemazinga epamusoro emvura, kusanganisira hove, mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa, neshiri. Mienzaniso yakajairika ye zooplankton inosanganisira copepods, jellyfish, uye krill.
Plankton: Hwaro hweMarine Food Web
Phytoplankton, kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakugadzira chikafu chemugungwa. Inoshandura zvinhu zvisina organic kuita organic, zvichipa chikafu chezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemugungwa.
Kugadzirwa Kwepakutanga
Phytoplankton ndiyo inokonzeresa inenge hafu yekugadzirwa kwekutanga kwepasi rose, kunova kugadzirwa kwemakemikari eorganic kubva mumhepo kana kuti mvura ine kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Kukura uku kwakakosha pakutsigira huwandu hwepamusoro hwechikafu chemugungwa.
Basa reZooplankton
Zooplankton ine chinzvimbo chakakosha sevanhu vanodya phytoplankton uye, zvinova mhuka dzinodya mhuka hombe dzakadai sehove, mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa, neshiri. Kutamiswa uku kwesimba nezvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nechikafu kunoratidza basa guru re zooplankton muzvisikwa zvemugungwa.
Matanho eTrophic uye Kutamiswa kweSimba
Chikafu chegungwa chine mwero wetrophic wakasiyana-siyana, plankton inowanzogara padanho rekutanga kana rekutanga. Simba rinogadzirwa nephytoplankton rinofambiswa kumusoro kuburikidza nematanho aya kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwakasiyana-siyana kwekudya.
Danho rekutanga reTrophic: Phytoplankton
Padanho repasi re trophic, phytoplankton inoshandura chiedza chezuva kuita simba remakemikari kuburikidza ne photosynthesis, zvichigadzira sosi huru yechikafu chemarudzi mazhinji egungwa.
Danho rechipiri reTrophic: Vatengi vekutanga
Vatengi vekutanga, kunyanya zooplankton, vanodya phytoplankton. Kudyidzana uku kwakakosha pakufambisa simba kubva kune vagadziri vekutanga kuenda kumazinga epamusoro etrophic.
Mazinga Epamusoro eTrophic: Vatengi veSecondary neTertiary
Kuwedzera kune cheni yezvekudya, hove diki nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinodya zooplankton. Hove diki idzi, dzinodyiwawo nehove hombe, shiri dzemugungwa, uye mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa. Kuburikidza nekudyidzana uku kwakatevedzana, simba rinotorwa nephytoplankton rinosvika pazvikara zvakaita seshaki, whale, uye kunyange vanhu.
Kukosha Kwezvakatipoteredza Kupfuura Cheni Yezvekudya
Kunyange hazvo basa razvo mukudya kwegungwa riri guru, plankton inewo zvayakanakira zvikuru pakuchengetedza nharaunda.
Kutenderera Kwemhepo Nekudzora Mamiriro Ekunze
Phytoplankton inoita basa guru mukutenderera kwekabhoni pasi rose. Kuburikidza ne photosynthesis, inotora kabhoni dhayokisaidhi yakawanda kubva mumhepo. Imwe kabhoni iyi inotamiswa kuburikidza nefekitori, nepo chikamu chayo chinonyura pasi pegungwa sechinhu che organic kana plankton yafa, zvichinyatsobvisa kabhoni kwemazana emakore. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa se biological pump, anobatsira kudzora mwero wekabhoni dhayokisaidhi mumhepo uye, nekudaro, mamiriro ekunze epasi rose.
Kugadzirwa kweOkisijeni
Phytoplankton ndiyo inogadzira chikamu chikuru cheokisijeni yePasi. Kutaura zvazviri, inopa okisijeni yakawanda mumhepo kupfuura masango ese emvura pasi rose akabatanidzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakosha kwete chete kuzvisikwa zvemugungwa asiwo kuzvisikwa zvepanyika, kusanganisira vanhu.
Zviratidzo zveHutano hweZvakatipoteredza
Mapoka emiti yePlankton anonzwa shanduko mumamiriro ekunze akadai sekupisa, munyu, uye kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, anoshanda sezviratidzo zvinokosha zvehutano hwegungwa uye anogona kupa yambiro dzekutanga dzekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza kana kuora.
Kukanganisa Kwakaitwa Vanhu Pavanhu Vari MuPlankton
Pasinei nebasa rayo guru, huwandu hwemhuka dzinoita sema "plankton" huri panjodzi nekuda kwemabasa evanhu. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kubata hove zvakanyanya zvine mhedzisiro yakakura panharaunda dzinoita sema "plankton", zvichichinja kuenzana kwenzvimbo dzegungwa.
Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze
Kukwira kwekupisa kwegungwa uye acidification nekuda kwekuwedzera kwecarbon dioxide mumhepo kunokanganisa kukura nekupararira kweplankton. Kuchinja kwekupisa kwegungwa kunogona kuchinja kugadzirwa kwephytoplankton, nepo acidification ichigona kukanganisa magoko ecalcium carbonate emamwe ma zooplankton, akadai se pteropods, zvichikanganisa kurarama kwawo.
Kusvibiswa
Kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki nezvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakaita sekudururwa kwemafuta uye kuyerera kwemvura muzvirimwa zvinogona kukuvadza huwandu hwemiti yeplankton. Zvikuru sei, purasitiki diki, zvakawanikwa zvichikanganisa kudya nekuberekana mu zooplankton, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwadzo uye, nekudaro, zvisikwa zvinovimba nadzo.
Kunyanyisa kubata hove
Kubata hove diki dzinodya zooplankton zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kupararira kwehove munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekudya. Kubvisa hove idzi kunogona kukonzera kuwanda kwehove dzemugungwa uye kudzikira kwehove dzemugungwa, zvichikanganisa nharaunda yese yegungwa.
Kuedza Kuchengetedza Nekutarisira
Zvichienderana nebasa guru re plankton mukudya kwegungwa uye maitiro epasi rose ezvakatipoteredza, zvakakosha kushandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza nekutarisira kuchengetedza huwandu hwe plankton.
Kuongorora uye Kutsvakurudza
Kuedza kwakawedzerwa kwekutarisa nekutsvagisa kunodiwa kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mashandiro eplankton uye maitiro ayo kukuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Matekinoroji epamusoro akadai sekuona kure kwesatellite uye matekiniki emamorekuru anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha mukusiyana kweplankton, kupararira kwayo, uye kubereka kwayo.
Kusvibisa Kudzora
Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwevhu kuburikidza nemitemo yakaoma uye kukurudzira nzira dzinogara kwenguva refu zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa pahuwandu hwemiti inokura muvhu. Kuedza kuderedza marara epurasitiki, kuraswa zvakanaka kwemakemikari emaindasitiri, uye kuderedza kuyerera kwemvura mukurima matanho akakosha pakuita izvi.
Climate Action
Kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe kwepasi rose uye kushandisa marongero ekuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokonzera kudziya kwepasi kunogona kubatsira kudzikamisa tembiricha yegungwa uye huwandu hweasidhi, nokudaro zvichitsigira huwandu hweplankton hune hutano.
mhedziso
Plankton, kunyange zvazvo iri diki pakukura kwayo, inoita basa guru muzvinhu zvipenyu zvemugungwa uye maitiro ezvakatipoteredza pasi rose. Ndiyo hwaro hwewebhu yekudya kwemugungwa, inotungamira kugadzirwa kwekutanga, inodzora kutenderera kwekabhoni, uye inobatsira mukugadzirwa kweokisijeni. Kunzwisisa nekudzivirira zvipenyu izvi zvakakosha kwakakosha pakuchengetedza hutano hwemakungwa edu nepasi rose. Kuziva kukosha kwazvo uye kutora matanho akabatana ekuderedza migumisiro yevanhu zvichave zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kuenzana kwakaoma kwehupenyu hwemugungwa uye kuona kuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvichagara zvakanaka.
