Tekinoroji Yemazuva Ano Mukugadzira Simbi Yekudzivirira Kuora
Kuora kuchiri chikonzero chikuru chekukundikana kwezvikamu zvesimbi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana—kubva kumotokari nezvikepe kusvika kuvaka nemagetsi. Kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kunokonzerwa nekuora kunopfuura mari yekutsiva zvinhu kusvika panguva yekushanda kwekugadzira, njodzi dzekuchengetedza, uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwechigadzirwa. Nokudaro, simbi yekuisa simbi (electroplating uye kusiyana kwayo) inoramba ichichinja senzira yakakosha yekuwedzera kuramba ngura uku ichivandudza runako rwepamusoro, kuwedzera conductivity, kana kuvandudza hunhu hwetribological (kuramba kupfeka). Mumakore achangopfuura, kuvandudza plating kwakachinja kuenda kune maitiro ane hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza uye anoshanda nesimba, uye anogadzira machira anoshanda zvakanyanya. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora matekinoroji azvino mu simbi yekuisa ngura, mafambiro eindasitiri, uye mienzaniso yekushandisa.
1. Chinja kubva pa "kushongedza" machira kuenda pa "kushongedza" kunoshanda zvakanyanya
Kare, kupenda kwaiwanzonzwisiswa senzira yekupenya—semuenzaniso, nickel-chrome pazvishongedzo. Nhasi, chinangwa chave chekupenda zvinhu zvinoshanda: kupenda zvinhu kunofanira kukwanisa kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze ane hukasha akadai semunyu, hunyoro hwakawanda, makemikari emaindasitiri, uye kunyange mamiriro emugungwa. Nekuda kwezvinodiwa izvi, tekinoroji yekupenda zvinhu yemazuva ano inosimbisa kudzora magadzirirwo ekupenda, maburi, kushushikana kwemukati, uye kunamira. kupenda zvinhu zvinotaridzika zvakanaka asi zvine maburi kana kuti zvinotsemuka zvinokurumidza kuputika kwesimbi. Nokudaro, hunyanzvi hunonangidzirwa kune kupenda zvinhu zvine hunyanza, zvakafanana, uye zvakagadzikana nemakemikari.
2. High-Speed uye Pulse Electroplating: denser, yakawanda yakafanana coating
Imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeye pulse electroplating. Kana tichienzanisa ne conventional direct current, pulsed current inopa "on-off" interval iyo inobatsira kupararira kwemaion pedyo nepamusoro uye inoderedza kuumbwa kwe dendrites kana coarse crystals. Nekuda kweizvozvo, coating yacho inowanzoita se:
- yakapfava uye yakamanikana,
- porosity yakaderera,
- kunamira kuri nani,
- kupararira kwakaenzana kweukobvu pa geometri dzakaoma.
Mukushandiswa kunodzivirira ngura, kuderera kwe porosity kunokosha, sezvo ma pores achipa nzira yekupinda kwe electrolyte. Kuisa pulse plating kunobvumirawo kuiswa pahuwandu hwe current densities pasina zvikanganiso zvakakura, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kubereka. Imwe shanduko, pulse-reverse plating, inodzosera current pamatanho chaiwo kuti ienzane pamusoro uye ideredze kushushikana kwemukati.
3. Trivalent Chromium Plating: imwe nzira isingakuvadzi nharaunda panzvimbo peCr(VI)
Kuputira Chrome kwaishandiswa kare kudzivirira ngura uye runako rwezvinhu, asi nyaya dzehutano nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza zvakaita kuti pave nekuchinja kwechromium ine mavara matatu (Cr(III)). Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yeCr(III) yafambira mberi zvikuru—ichipa chitarisiko chakafanana nechrome yakajairika uku ichivandudza kutevedzera nharaunda.
Kubva pakuona kwekuora, Cr(III) inowanzo sanganiswa ne basecoats dzakadai se nickel kana multilayer systems kuti ibudirire zvakanyanya mukuyedza munyu. Maitiro aya anowanzo shanda zviri nani uye ane njodzi shoma yekuburitsa marara ane njodzi. Dambudziko nderekudzora mavara uye kuenderana kwechitarisiko, asi makemikari matsva anoramba achivandudza zvinhu izvi.
4. Zinc-Nickel uye Zinc-Iron Alloy Plating: chiyero chitsva chekudzivirira cathodic
Kune zvikamu zvesimbi, classic zinc plating inoshanda sekudzivirira cathodic (zinc "inotanga yazvipa"). Zvisinei, kudiwa kwekudzivirira ngura kwakanyanya—kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemotokari nefastener—kwakaita kuti pave nekushandiswa kwe zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) uye zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) alloys.
Mabhenefiti eZn-Ni yemazuva ano:
- kusimba kwakanyanya kwemunyu kupfuura zinc chaiyo,
– yakagadzikana pakupisa kwakakwira (semuenzaniso pedyo neinjini),
- inoenderana nema topcoats nema sealers eorganic.
Masisitimu ekuputira ikozvino anowanzova musanganiswa we: Zn-Ni + hexavalent chromium-free passivation + topcoat. Izvi zvinopa dziviriro yezvipingamupinyi uye dziviriro ye cathodic, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwezvikamu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine munyu we de-icing kana hunyoro hwakawanda.
5. Kushandiswa kweNew Generation Passivation uye Sealers: simbisa coating pasina kuwedzera ukobvu hwakawanda.
Pamusoro pekuputira simbi kwekutanga, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitika muzvikamu zvepashure pekuisa simbi: kupfuudza, kuputira simbi, uye kuvharira/kuputira simbi. Mafomula matsva (anowanzo shandiswa paCr(III), silane, zirconium, kana mapolymers akakosha) akagadzirirwa:
- inovhara ma micro-pores,
- inowedzera kuramba "ngura chena" pazinc,
- inowedzera kuramba kwemakemikari,
- vandudza kunamira kwependi kana zvichidikanwa.
Tekinoroji ye "thin organic sealer" inozivikanwawo nekuti inowedzera kusimba kwengura pasina kuwedzera ukobvu hwesimbi zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakakosha kune zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka zvine kushivirira kwakasimba.
6. Kuisa Mapuratifomu Asina Magetsi (EN/ENP): dziviriro yakafanana pamaumbirwo akaomarara
Nickel isina electro (EN)—kunyanya ENP (Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus)—isarudzo yepamusoro yekudzivirira ngura mu geometries dzakaoma nekuti kuiswa kwayo hakuenderane nekupararira kwemagetsi. Mapendi eEN anowanzo fanana mumaburi, maburi, uye makona akaomarara akaoma kufukidza zvakaenzana ne electroplating yakajairika.
Mapendi eEP ane phosphorus chaiyo anogona kudzivirira ngura zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana akagadziridzwa kuburikidza nekupisa uye kudzora maitiro akaomarara. Muindasitiri, EN inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvevharuvhu, mapombi, mafittings, moldings, uye zvikamu zvinosangana nemvura yekushanda.
7. Kuputira Kwesimbi Yakasanganiswa & Nanocomposite: kuputira kwesimbi "kwakashongedzerwa" nezvidimbu zvinoshanda
Imwe tekinoroji iri kubuda ndeye composite electroplating, iyo inosanganisira kuisa micro/nano particles mu metal matrix—semuenzaniso, Ni-SiC, Ni-Al₂O₃, kana mamwe masisitimu. Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzoitirwa kudzivirira kupera, nzira ye nanocomposite inobatsirawo pakuora nekuti inogona:
- kuvandudza kuwanda kwezvikamu,
- kuwedzera kuramba kutsemuka,
- kuderedza nzira dzinoparadza dzinopararira,
- kuwedzera kugadzikana kwenzvimbo mune mamwe ma media.
Matambudziko makuru kupararira kwezvimedu zvakagadzikana mubhavhu rekuisa purasitiki uye kudzora nguva dzose kwekuisa simbi. Nhasi uno, kushandiswa kwezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvine hunyanzvi, kurongeka kwekukurumidzira, uye kupfapfaidzwa kwakagadziridzwa kunoita kuti kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kuve nyore.
8. Kutevedzera kunotungamirwa nedata, otomatiki, uye kutonga mhando
Tekinoroji yazvino haisi yekungoisa mapurasitiki chete, asiwo yekushandura maitiro acho kuita zvedhijitari. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemazuva ano dzekuisa mapurasitiki dziri kushandisa zvinotevera:
- masensa epamhepo ekuona pH, conductivity, tembiricha, uye zvinosvibisa,
- kuyera otomatiki makemikari,
- analytics yedata kufanotaura kutenderera kwe compositional,
- sisitimu yekutevedza mhando yebatch.
Kudzora maitiro akanaka kwakakosha pakudzivirira ngura, sezvo kunyangwe shanduko diki mukugadzirwa kana kusvibiswa kunogona kuwedzera maburi, kuderedza kunamira, kana kukonzera kuputsika kweganda. Kuzvigadzira otomatiki uye data zvinogona kuderedza kusiyana kwepakati pemabatch, zvichikonzera kushanda kwengura kwakafanana uye kwakajairika.
9. Nzira yeramangwana: yakasvibira, yakatetepa, inogara kwenguva refu
Kuenderera mberi, maitiro ekuputira ngura achaenderera mberi nemasekonzi matatu makuru. Chekutanga, kuchengetedza nguva: kudzikiswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi, kushandiswa kwesimba zvakanaka, uye kutarisirwa kwemarara kwakachengeteka. Chechipiri, kushanda zvakanaka: machira matete asi kushanda kwepamusoro nekuda kwemachira akawanda, machira epamusoro akangwara, uye kudzora magadzirirwo emukati mezvinhu. Chechitatu, kubatanidzwa: kuputira ngura ne organic coatings, pretreatments dzemazuva ano, uye kuongorora mhando kwe sensor- uye AI.
Mukuita, kusarudza tekinoroji yakanakisisa kuchiri kuenderana nezvinodiwa pakushandisa: rudzi rwe substrate, nzvimbo yekushanda, zvinodiwa pakunaka, miganhu yekushivirira, uye mari yekugadzira. Asi chimwe chinhu chakajeka: plating yemazuva ano yapfuura kungo "coating" chete uye inosanganisira mainjiniya epamusoro akanyatsogadzirwa. Nekushandisa pulse plating, Zn-Ni alloys, Cr(III), EN, uye masisitimu epassivation nesealer achangoburwa, indasitiri iyi ikozvino ine zvombo zvine simba rekurwisa muvengi wekare we corrosion.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo eindasitiri (mota, zvemugungwa, zvemagetsi, kana zvekuvaka), kana kuwedzera zvikamu pamiyero yekuyedza (ASTM B117/ISO 9227 salt spray, cyclic corrosion test) uye zvidzidzo zvipfupi.
