Basa reMatombo eSedimentary muCarbon Cycle
Matombo eSedimentary anoita basa rinokosha mukutenderera kwekabhoni pasi rose, achishanda senzvimbo dzinonyudza kabhoni uye manyuko, uye achipesvedzera kubuda kwekabhoni pasi rose. Kuumbwa kwawo, kuchengetedzwa kwawo, uye kudyidzana kwemakemikari nemhepo nemakungwa ndizvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa nhoroondo yemamiriro ekunze epasi uye kufanotaura shanduko dzemamiriro ekunze mune ramangwana. Muchinyorwa chino, tinoongorora nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa nematombo eSedimentary mukusimudzira kutenderera kwekabhoni, kukosha kwawo mukuchengetwa kwekabhoni, uye basa rawo mukugadzirisa mwero weCO2 mumhepo.
Kuumbwa uye Kuumbwa kweMatombo eSedimentary
Matombo eSedimentary anoumbwa kuburikidza nekuiswa uye kusanganiswa kwematope, ayo anowanzo sanganisira zvidimbu zvematombo akambovapo, zvicherwa, uye zvinhu zvakasikwa. Maitiro aya anotungamirwa nezvinhu zvakaita semvura, mhepo, nechando, izvo zvinotakura tsvina kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuisa tsvina, kusanganisira mahombekombe erwizi, madhamu, makungwa, uye magwenga. Zvichienderana nekwaakabva, matombo eSedimentary anoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: clastic, chemical, uye organic.
1. Matombo eClastic Sedimentary: Aya anonyanya kuumbwa nezvidimbu zvemamwe matombo nezvicherwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira sandstone, shale, uye conglomerates. Maitiro ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye ekukura kwevhu anoputsa matombo akambovapo kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, izvo zvinotakurwa uye pakupedzisira zvinoiswa munzvimbo itsva.
2. Matombo eChemical Sedimentary: Aya anoumbwa nekunaya kwezvicherwa kubva mumvura. Mienzaniso yakajairika idombo re limestone, chert, uye evaporites senge munyu wedombo ne gypsum.
3. Matombo eOrganic Sedimentary: Anoumbwa kubva mukuunganidzwa kwemarara eorganic, akadai sezvirimwa. Marasha nemamwe marudzi e limestone ndiwo mienzaniso mikuru.
Matombo eSedimentary seMasinki eCarbon
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvematombo e sedimentary mu carbon cycle kugona kwawo kushanda se carbon sinks. Kubviswa kwe carbon mumatombo e sedimentary kunonyanya kuitika nenzira mbiri:
1. Kutorwa Kwezvinhu Zvine Utachiona: Zvipenyu zvemugungwa, zvakaita semakorari, foraminifera, uye shellfish, zvinoshandisa CO2 yakanyungudutswa uye calcium ions kugadzira calcium carbonate (CaCO3) yemagoko avo nemafupa. Pazvinofa, zvasara zvezvipenyu izvi zvinoungana pasi pegungwa uye, nekufamba kwenguva, zvinoumba matombo egungwa akaita sedombo remarara.
2. Kutorwa kweMakemikoro: Matombo eCarbonate, akadai seLimestone neDolostone, inzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuchengetera carbon. Matombo aya anoumbwa panguva yekuongorora kwenzvimbo kuburikidza nekudonhedza zvicherwa zvecarbonate kubva mumvura yegungwa. Maitiro aya anogona kuvharira huwandu hwakawanda hwecarbon kwemamiriyoni emakore.
Maitiro aya anobvisa CO2 kubva mumhepo nemakungwa zvinobudirira uye anoivhara mukati me geosphere, nokudaro zvichidzikamisa huwandu hwekabhoni yemhepo uye zvichiita basa rakakosha mukudzora mamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu.
Kugadziriswa kweMatombo eSedimentary uye Kuburitswa kweCarbon
Kunyange zvazvo matombo e sedimentary achitora huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni, anobatsirawo mukutenderera kwekabhoni kuburikidza nekudonha kwemamiriro ekunze. Kudonha kwemakemikari ematombo e silicate ne carbonate inzira yakakosha inodzora huwandu hweCO2 mumhepo.
1. Kuchinja kweSilicate: Kuchinja kwezvicherwa zvesilicate mumatombo akadai segranite kana basalt kunosanganisira makemikari ane CO2 inonyungudutswa mumvura inonaya, zvichiita kuti maion ebicarbonate anotakurwa kuenda kumakungwa. Maitiro aya haangodhonze CO2 yemuchadenga chete asiwo anoishandura kuita bicarbonate, iyo inogona kuzopedzisira yava carbonate minerals munzvimbo dzegungwa.
2. Kunyunguduka kweCarbonate: Kunyunguduka kwematombo ecarbonate akadai se limestone nedolostone kunoburitsa bicarbonate necalcium ions mumvura. Maitiro aya anogonawo kuburitsa carbon dioxide mumhepo, kunyangwe zvishoma pane kunyunguduka kwe silicate.
Maitiro ese ari maviri ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze anoenderana nekupisa uye nekudaro anokurumidziswa munzvimbo dzinodziya. Anoitawo basa rekupa mhinduro mumamiriro ekunze, uko kuwedzera kweCO2 yemuchadenga kunowedzera mwero wekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinozotora CO2 yakawanda kubva mumhepo. Maitiro aya ekupa mhinduro asina kunaka anobatsira kudzikamisa mamiriro ekunze panguva yekuongorora kwenzvimbo.
Diagenesis uye Carbon Cycling
Kana marara angoiswa, anochinja-chinja muviri, makemikari, uye zvipenyu zvinoachinja kuita dombo remarara. Maitiro akadai sekumanikidzwa, kudzokororwa kwecrystallization, uye simende anogona kukanganisa huwandu hwekabhoni uye kupararira kwayo mumatombo aya.
1. Kuvigwa kweZvinhu Zvisina Kugadzika: Munguva yekukura kwezvisikwa, kabhoni inokandwa mumatope egungwa inogona kushandurwa kuita mafuta efossil akadai semarasha, mafuta, uye gasi rechisikigo kuburikidza nekupisa nekumanikidzwa kwemamiriyoni emakore. Kabhoni iyi inobviswa zvinobudirira kubva mukutenderera kwenguva pfupi kwekabhoni uye inochengetwa mu geosphere.
2. Kuumbwa kweMethane: Munzvimbo dzisina okisijeni (dzisina okisijeni), kuora kwemakemikari ezvisikwa kunogona kukonzera kugadzirwa kwemethane—gasi rine simba rekupisa. Methane inogona kubuda mumhepo kana kudyiwa nemabhakitiriya emethane, zvichikanganisa kutenderera kwekabhoni munharaunda uye pasi rose.
Mhedzisiro yeAnthropogenic uye Nzira dzeMhinduro
Mabasa evanhu, kunyanya kubvisa nekupisa mafuta ekare, anochinja zvakanyanya kutenderera kwekabhoni yechisikigo. Kupiswa kwemarasha, mafuta, negasi rechisikigo kunoburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hweCO2 nemethane mumhepo, zvichikanganisa maitiro ekubvisa masango echisikigo uye zvichikonzera kupisa kwepasi. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko dzekushandiswa kwenyika dzinokonzereswa nevanhu, dzakadai sekutemwa kwemasango nekukukurwa kwevhu, zvinokanganisa maitiro ekuisa matope uye kuchengetwa kwekabhoni munzvimbo dzepasi.
mhedziso
Matombo eSedimentary akakosha pakutenderera kwekabhoni pasi pano, zvichipa nzira dzakakosha dzekutora nekuburitsa kabhoni. Nekunzwisisa kuumbwa, kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze, uye huwandu hwematombo aya, tinowana ruzivo rwekudzora mamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu uye kuchengetwa kwekabhoni. Sezvatinotarisana nematambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nevanhu, kunzwisisa kuomarara kwematombo eSedimentary nebasa rawo mukutenderera kwekabhoni kwakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzekuderedza huwandu hweCO2 mumhepo uye kuchengetedza ramangwana repasi redu.
