Maitiro Ekuziva Maminerari Kuburikidza Nekuongorora Kwemuviri
Zvicherwa zvinowanikwa muchisikigo, zvinhu zvakasimba zvisingasanganisike zvine makemikari akajeka uye chimiro chekristaro. Nyanzvi dzezve geology, vanofarira zvemitambo, uye vadzidzi vanowanzo vimba nekuongorora kwemuviri kuti vaone pfuma iyi yechisikigo kana michina yakaoma isipo. Kuziva zvicherwa kuburikidza nekuongorora kwemuviri kunosanganisira bvunzo dzakawanda dzekuongorora dzinoshandisa hunhu hunoonekwa. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa nzira idzi, chichiongorora matanho ekutanga anogona kutorwa nemunhu wese kuti aone zvicherwa zvinobudirira.
1. Ruvara
Ruvara ndirwo runowanzoonekwa pakutanga mumuenzaniso wezvicherwa. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chishandiso chinokosha chekuongorora, chinogona kutsausa nekuda kwetsvina inogona kuchinja ruvara rwechicherwa. Semuenzaniso, quartz inogona kuoneka mumavara akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwezvicherwa zvishoma. Saka, kunyangwe tichicherechedza kuti ruvara runopa pokutangira, harifanirwe kunge riri iro chete danho rekuongorora.
Mienzaniso:
– Pyrite (inozivikanwa segoridhe rebenzi) ine ruvara rwakasiyana rwebrass-yellow.
– Malachite ine ruvara rwegirini runopenya.
2. Mutserendende
Streak inoreva ruvara rwechicherwa kana chakagadzirwa nehupfu, icho chinowanzoenderana neruvara rwechicherwa chacho. Izvi zvinoedzwa nekukwesha chicherwa pachidimbu cheporcelain isina kupenya inozivikanwa se streak plate.
Mienzaniso:
– Hematite inosiya mitsetse mitsvuku kusvika kutsvuku-tsvuku.
– Pirite inosiya mitsetse yegirini nhema.
3. Kupenya
Luster inotsanangura kuti chiedza chinopenya sei kubva pamusoro pechicherwa ichi. Yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru: simbi neisiri simbi. Pasi pesiri simbi, mhando diki dzakadai sevitreous (yakaita segirazi), pearly, greasy, uye ivhu (risina kujeka) dzinogona kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya.
Mienzaniso:
– Galena inoratidza kupenya kwesimbi.
- Quartz inowanzova negirazi rinopenya.
4. Kuoma
Chiyero chehukukutu hweMohs, chinotangira pa1 (talc) kusvika pa10 (diamond), inzira yekufananidza yekuongorora hukukutu hwemaminerari. Ichi chiyero chekudzivirira kukwenya kwemaminerari akasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nekukwanisa kwechinhu chakaoma kukwenya chakapfava. Kushandisa zvinhu zvakajairika, zvakaita senzara (hukukutu 2.5), peni remhangura (hukukutu 3.5), chipikiri chesimbi (hukukutu 5.5), uye girazi (hukukutu 5.5-6), zvinogona kubatsira kuona nzvimbo yemineral pachikero.
Mienzaniso:
– Talc inogona kukwenywa nenzara.
– Quartz, ine kuomarara kwe7, inogona kukwenya girazi.
5. Kutsemuka uye Kutyoka
Kutsemuka kwechinhu (cleavage) inzira yekuti chicherwa chitsemuke nenzira yakati sandara, yakaenzana nekuda kwekusasimba kwechimiro chacho chekristaro. Zvicherwa zvinogona kunge zvakatsemuka zvakanaka, zvakanaka, kana zvisina kunaka, zvichienderana nekuti zvakatsemuka zvakachena sei. Kune rumwe rutivi, kutsemuka kwechinhu kunotsanangura kuti chicherwa chinotsemuka sei kana pasina kutsemuka, zvichikonzera kuti pave nenzvimbo dzisina kurongeka kana dzakakombama.
Mienzaniso:
– Mica inotsemuka kuita machira matete nekuda kwekutsemuka kwayo kwakakwana.
– Quartz inowanzo tyoka ne conchoidal (yakaita segoko).
6. Simba Rakakura
Dhiravhiti chaiyo inoyera huwandu hwechicherwa. Ndiyo chiyero chehuremu hwechicherwa nehuremu hwehuwandu hwakaenzana hwemvura. Dhiravhiti chaiyo yakakwira inowanzoenderana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi uye kuunganidzwa kwemaatomu kwakasimba.
Mienzaniso:
- Galena ine simba guru nekuda kwehuwandu hwemutobvu wayo.
- Halite ine simba rakaderera uye inonzwa yakareruka kana ichienzaniswa.
7. Chimiro cheKristaro uye Tsika
Chimiro chekristaro chinoreva chimiro chekunze chekristaro yemineral inokura yoga kuita nzvimbo yakatarwa. Tsika inonyanya kutaura nezvechitarisiko chakajairika kana hunhu hwekristaro dzemineral.
Mienzaniso:
– Pyrite inowanzogadzira makristaro e cubic.
- Quartz inogona kuoneka semakristaro eprismatic.
8. Zvimwe Zvimiro Zvekuongorora
A. Simba remagineti
Zvimwe zvicherwa zvinoratidza simba remagineti uye zvinogona kuyedzwa uchishandisa magineti akajairwa.
Muenzaniso:
– Magnetite ine simba remagineti.
B. Kuravira
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzokurudzirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, mamwe mamineral ane zvinonaka zvakasiyana.
Muenzaniso:
– Halite (munyu wedombo) inonaka ine munyu.
C. Kupindura kuAcid
Zvicherwa zvecarbonate zvinosangana nehydrochloric acid yakaderedzwa nekudzima kana kudzima nekuda kwekuburitswa kwegasi recarbon dioxide.
Muenzaniso:
– Calcite inopindura neHCl zvine simba.
D. Kupenya kwechiedza
Mamwe mamineral anopenya pasi pechiedza cheultraviolet. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa nerambi reUV mumamiriro ezvinhu akasviba.
Muenzaniso:
- Fluorite inogona kuratidza mavara akasiyana-siyana e fluorescent.
9. Mazano Anoshanda Ekuziva Zvicherwa
– Shandisa Kiti Yemunda: Kiti yemunda yejeology ine zvishandiso zvakaita se streak plate, magnet, hand lens, acid bottle, uye hardness picks zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru.
– Tarisa kuMagwara: Shandisa mabhuku ezvidzidzo zveminda nemabhuku ezvemigodhi anopa mifananidzo netsananguro dzakadzama dzezvakawanikwa zvinoenderana neruzivo.
– Nyora Zvakaonekwa: Nyatso nyora zvese zvaonekwa wozvienzanisa nemuenzaniso unozivikanwa kuti uwane kururama.
– Bvunza Nyanzvi: Kana usina chokwadi, bvunza nyanzvi dzezve geology kana kugovera mienzaniso nemakirabhu ezve geology emunharaunda kana masangano edzidzo kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
mhedziso
Kuziva zvicherwa kuburikidza nekuongorora panyama kunosanganisira kutarisa nekuyedza hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana hwemuviri hwakadai seruvara, mitsetse, kupenya, kuomarara, kutsemuka, kutyoka, simba rekukweva, chimiro chekristaro, uye humwe hunhu hwekuongorora. Kunyange zvazvo hunyanzvi hwega hwega huchipa zviratidzo zvakakosha, kuvimba nechimwe chete kunogona kutungamira pakusazivikanwa. Nzira yakanakisa ndeyekutarisa hunhu hwese pamwe chete. Ungave uri nyanzvi yezve geology kana mutsva anoda kuziva, kugona matekiniki aya kunovhura hwindo rinonakidza munyika yezvicherwa, zvichiratidza runako nekuoma kwepfuma ye geology yePasi.
