Zvishandiso zvekuyera hunhu hwemvura zvekubata hove
Hutano nekubudirira kwehove zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemvura munzvimbo dzadzo dzekuchengetedza nharaunda. Hunhu hwemvura husina kukwana hunogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa pahuwandu hwehove, zvichikanganisa kukura kwadzo, kuberekana kwadzo, uye huwandu hwekurarama kwadzo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutarisa nekuchengetedza mamiriro emvura akanaka kunova kwakakosha. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuyera hunhu hwemvura zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti hove dzinogara kwenguva refu uye dzinobudirira. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvakakosha uye matekinoroji anoshandiswa mukuongorora hunhu hwemvura muhove uye kukurukura kukosha kwadzo uye mashandisirwo adzo.
1. Mamita eOkisijeni Akanyungudutswa
Okisijeni Yakanyungudutswa (DO) ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzehupenyu hwemumvura. Hove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura zvinoda mazinga eDO akakwana kuti zviite mabasa anodiwa ehupenyu. DO yakaderera inogona kutungamira mukushaya oksijeni, zvichikonzera kushushikana kana kutouraya zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Mamita eokisijeni akanyungudutswa zvishandiso zvinobatwa nemaoko kana kuti zvisingachinji zvinoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumvura. Mamita eDO emazuva ano anoshandisa masensa emagetsi, akadai semasensa epolaragraphic negalvanic, kana masensa emaziso anopa kuverenga kwakarurama uye panguva chaiyo. Mamita aya akakosha pakuona kushomeka kweokisijeni nekukurumidza, zvichibvumira kupindira panguva yakakodzera kuchengetedza mwero weokisijeni wakakodzera.
2. Mamita e pH
Huwandu hwepH yemvura hunoratidza acidity kana alkalinity yayo, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya nharaunda dzemumvura. Mhando zhinji dzehove dzinokura zvakanaka mukati mehuwandu hwakati hwepH, kazhinji pakati pe6.5 ne9. Kutsauka kubva pahuwandu uhwu kunogona kukonzera kushushikana uye kudzikamisa mashandiro emuviri muhove.
Mamita epH anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuyera huwandu hwehydrogen ion mumvura. Midziyo iyi inowanzo sanganisira probe uye digital readout display. Kutarisa nguva dzose huwandu hwepH kunobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwakanaka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti hove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura zviri kugara zvakanaka. Uyezve, mamita epH anobatsira pakuona zviitiko zvekusvibiswa kana kubudiswa kwemakemikari zvinogona kuchinja huwandu hwepH.
3. Mamita ekufambisa mafambiro emhepo
Kufambiswa kwemvura kunoyera kugona kwemvura kufambisira magetsi, izvo zvine chekuita zvakananga nehuwandu hwemaayoni mumvura. Inoshanda sechiratidzo chisina kunanga chehuwandu hwemunyu wakanyungudutswa nemaminerari. Kufambiswa kwemvura kwakanyanya kana kuderera kunogona kukuvadza hove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Mamita ekufambisa mvura (conductivity meters) anopa kuyera nekukurumidza uye kwakavimbika kwehuwandu hweionic mumvura. Kutarisa nguva dzose uchishandisa mamita aya kunobatsira pakuona shanduko dzemunyu, kusvibiswa, kana kudonha kwemineral. Kuchengetedza mwero wakakodzera wekufambisa mvura kwakakosha pakuona kuti nharaunda yemvura yakaenzana inobatsira hutano nekukura kwehove.
4. Mamita ekupisa
Kupisa kwemvura chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa mashandiro ehove, kukura kwehove, uye kubereka. Mhando dzakasiyana dzehove dzine mwero wekupisa wadzinokura. Kutsauka kubva pamhando idzi dzakanaka kunogona kukonzera kushushikana, kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwehove mumuviri, uye kunyange kufa.
Mamita ekupisa kana mathermometers zvishandiso zvakakosha mukubata hove pakuongorora kupisa kwemvura. Izvi zvinogona kuva mathermometers akareruka eanalog kana maprobes edhijitari ane hunyanzvi hwekunyora data. Kutarisa nguva dzose kunobatsira mukuona kusarongeka kwekupisa nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe nenguva kuti zvidzivirire huwandu hwehove.
5. Mamita eKutenderera
Kusviba kunoreva makore kana kuti kusviba kwemvura kunokonzerwa nezvidimbu zvakasungirirwa. Kusviba kwakanyanya kunogona kuderedza kupinda kwechiedza, zvichikanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa zvemumvura uye maitiro ehove. Zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa zvinogonawo kutakura tsvina kana utachiona hunogona kukuvadza zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Miyero yekuyera mvura inoyera kujeka kwemvura nekuona kupararira kwechiedza. Midziyo iyi inopa ruzivo rwehuwandu hunobatsira pakuongorora huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwemvura kana kuti tupukanana. Kuyera nguva dzose kusvibiswa kwemvura kwakakosha pakuchengetedza nzvimbo yakachena uye ine hutano mumvura.
6. Makitsi Ekuongorora Ammonia neNitrite
Amonia ne nitrite zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinogona kukanganisa hove zvikuru kana zvikawanikwa zvakanyanya. Zvinhu izvi zvinowanzobva mumarara ehove, chikafu chisina kudyiwa, kana kuora kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Kuwanda kweammonia ne nitrite kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemagill, kuderedzwa kwekutorwa kweokisijeni, uye kutofa muhove.
Zvishandiso zvekuongorora Amonia ne nitrite, izvo zvinowanzo shandiswa pakupenda, zvinoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hwemakemikari aya mumvura. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kunobvumira kuonekwa kwekutanga kwehuwandu hune njodzi, uye matanho anogona kutorwa kuderedza huwandu uhwu, akadai sekuvandudza kusefa kana kugadzirisa maitiro ekudyisa.
7. Makitsi Ekuyedza Nitrate
Nitrate chimwe chinhu chine nitrogen chinogona kuungana mumadziva ehove. Kunyange zvazvo isina chepfu yakawanda kupfuura ammonia ne nitrite, kuwanda kwenitrate kunogona kukonzera njodzi kuhutano hwehove. Kugara uchisangana nenitrate yakakwira kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekukura uye kudzikira kwekudzivirira hove.
Makit ekuyedza nitrate anoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hwenitrate mumvura. Kufanana nemakit eammonia nenitrite, aya anowanzo kuve ma colorimetric tests anopa mhedzisiro nekukurumidza. Kugara uchitarisa huwandu hwenitrate kunobatsira kuchengetedza nitrogen yakaringana uye kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvinokuvadza.
8. Mhando dzemvura dzemhando yepamusoro (multiparameter)
MaSonde emhando yepamusoro emvura akawanda ane masensa akasiyana-siyana ekuyera maparameter akawanda emhando yemvura panguva imwe chete. Midziyo iyi inoshanduka-shanduka inogona kuyera DO, pH, conductivity, tembiricha, turbidity, nezvimwe zvinhu munguva chaiyo. Data kubva kumaSonde aya rinogona kunyorwa nekuongororwa kuti ripe ruzivo rwakakwana nezvemamiriro emhando yemvura.
Kushandisa multiparameter sondes kunoita kuti pave nekutarisa nguva dzose uye kunzwisisa kwakazara kwenzvimbo yemumvura. Nzira iyi yakazara inobatsira pakuona matambudziko pakutanga uye inotsigira nzira dzinoshanda dzekutarisira mvura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakanaka.
9. Masampuli Anogadzirwa Otomatiki uye Matekinoroji Ekuona Zviri Kure
Masampuli emvura anogadzirwa otomatiki uye matekinoroji ekuona ari kure anomiririra mhinduro dzepamusoro dzekutarisa hunhu hwemvura. Masampuli emvura anogadzirwa otomatiki anounganidza masampuli emvura panguva dzakatarwa, achipa ruzivo pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura pasina chikonzero chekupindira nemaoko.
Matekinoroji ekuona zviri kure, akadai semasensa esatellite nemadrone, anopa kugona kukuru kwekutarisa, kusanganisira thermal imaging uye spectral analysis. Matekinoroji aya anogona kuona kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemvura munzvimbo dzakakura, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakubata hove huru nekurima hove.
mhedziso
Kuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura hwakakwirira kwakakosha pakubudirira uye kugara kwenguva refu kwehove. Kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera hunhu hwemvura zvepamusoro kunoita basa guru mukuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Mamita eoxygen akanyungudutswa, mamita epH, mamita ekufambisa mvura, mamita ekupisa, mamita eturbidity, uye makiti akasiyana-siyana ekuyedza ammonia, nitrite, uye nitrate zvakakosha pakuongororwa nguva dzose uye kwakarurama kwemamiriro emvura. Masondes emhando yemvura akawanda uye masampuli ega ega anopa kugona kwakazara uye kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa.
Nekushandisa zvishandiso izvi, hove dzinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzemumvura dzine hutano hwakanaka, dzinosimudzira huwandu hwehove dzinogara kwenguva refu, uye dzinowedzera goho rose. Kugara uchitarisa uye kupindira panguva yakakodzera kwakavakirwa padata rakarurama ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha pakutarisira hove zvinobudirira, zvichichengetedza zvese zvido zvehupfumi uye kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
