Mvura Yakanaka Yekurima Hove dzeTilapia
ziviso
Tilapia, inowanzo tumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "huku yemumvura" nekuda kwekukura kwayo nekukurumidza uye kugona kwayo kuchinja-chinja, yave imwe yemhando dzehove dzinopfuyiwa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakanaka ndeyemhando yepamusoro kwakakosha pakukura, hutano, uye kubereka mukurima tilapia. Hunhu hwemvura hunosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvemuviri, makemikari, uye zvipenyu zvinofanirwa kutariswa nekutarisirwa nekungwarira. Chinyorwa chino chinopa ongororo yakadzama yehunhu hwemvura hwakakodzera kupfuyiwa tilapia, ichipa gwara rekuchengetedza nharaunda yakanakisa yemhando iyi inotsungirira.
Panyama Paramende
tembiricha
Tilapia inokura zvakanaka kana tembiricha iri pakati pe25 ne30 degrees Celsius (77 kusvika 86 degrees Fahrenheit). Iyi tembiricha inotsigira mwero wekushanda kwemuviri, kukura, uye hutano hwese. Kunyange zvazvo tilapia ichigona kurarama kana tembiricha iri pasi pe11 degrees Celsius (51.8 degrees Fahrenheit) uye yakakwirira se38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit), tembiricha dzisina kunaka dzinogona kukonzera kushushikana, kubatwa nezvirwere, uye kudzikira kwekukura. Kugara uchitarisa uye kushandisa maheater kana macooler kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza tembiricha dzakanaka.
Kujeka uye Kusagadzikana
Kujeka kwemvura, kunowanzoonekwa nenzira yeSecchi disk, kunofanira kunge kuri pakati pemasendimita makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu. Kusviba kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzerwa nekuwanda kwezvikafu kana zvinhu zvakasikwa, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekupinda kwechiedza uye oxygen. Kugara uchitarisa nekushandisa nzira dzakadai sekugadzira dziva nemazvo uye kusefa zvakakwana kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa kuchena kwemvura.
Chemical Parameters
pH Chikamu
pH yakakodzera yetilapia iri pakati pe6.5 ne8.5. Iyi pH ine alkaline zvishoma kubva kune isina kusimba inotsigira mashandiro akanaka emuviri uye maitiro ekugadzirisa muviri. Kusiyana kuri kunze kweiyi pH kunogona kukonzera kushushikana uye kuderedza kushanda kwemishonga yakati. pH inogona kudzorwa nekuwedzera lime kuti iwedzere pH kana kuburikidza nekushandisa acids kuti ideredze. Kuongororwa kwepH nguva dzose kwakakosha.
Yakanyungudutswa Oxygen
Tilapia inoda mwero weoxygen yakanyungudutswa (DO) we5 mg/L, 7-8 mg/L iriyo yakanakisisa. Mwero weoxygen wakakwana unotsigira kufema kwakanaka, kukura, uye hutano hwese. Zvishandiso zvekufemesa zvakaita sema paddle wheels, air diffusers, uye aerator zvinogona kuwedzera oxygen, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Mazinga eAmmonia, Nitrite, uye Nitrate
Ammonia, inonyanya kukonzerwa netsvina yehove nechikafu chisina kudyiwa, inofanira kuchengetwa pasi pe0.02 mg/L seammonia isina kudyiwa, uye 1 mg/L seammonia yose. Huwandu hweNitrite hahufanirwe kudarika 0.1 mg/L, uye huwandu hwenitrate hunofanirwa kuchengetwa pasi pe50 mg/L. Huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu izvi hunogona kuva chepfu kutilapia, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekukura uye kuwedzera mukana wezvirwere. Kusefa kwakanaka kwezvipenyu, kuchinja mvura nguva dzose, uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwezvipfuyo zvakanaka zvinogona kuderedza njodzi idzi.
Kuoma uye Alkalinity
Kuomarara kwemvura, kunonyanya kukonzerwa nehuwandu hwecalcium nemagnesium ions, kunofanira kuva pakati pe50 ne250 mg/L seCaCO3. Alkalinity, iyo inochengetedza mvura kubva pakuchinja kwepH, inofanira kunge iri pakati pe100 ne200 mg/L seCaCO3. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza pH yakagadzikana uye makemikari emvura. Kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kuwedzerwa kwezvinogadzirisa zvinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mazinga anodiwa.
Zviyero zveBiological
Kuvapo kwezvirwere
Mvura iri mukurima tilapia haifanirwe kunge isina utachiona hunokuvadza hwakadai semabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye tupukanana. Kuvapo kweutachiona kunogona kuderedzwa nekuchengetedza mvura yakanaka, kuita matanho akanaka ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye kugara uchitarisa hutano. Kurapa kwekudzivirira uye kushandisa chikafu chinowedzera simba rekudzivirira muviri kunogona kuchengetedza hutano hwehove zvakanyanya.
Kudzora Plankton neAlgae
Phytoplankton ne zooplankton chikafu chechisikigo chetilapia, kunyanya mukurima kwakakura. Zvisinei, kukura kwakanyanya kwealgal, kunyanya cyanobacteria, kunogona kutungamira mukushomeka kweoxygen uye kugadzirwa kwechepfu. Kugara uchitarisa, nzira dzekudyisa dzinodzorwa, uye kushandiswa kwealgicides zvinogona kubatsira kudzora huwandu hweplankton.
Maitiro Ekutarisira Mvura Kuti Ive Nemhando Yakanaka
Kugara Kuongorora uye Kuongororwa
Kuongororwa kwemhando yemvura nguva nenguva kwakakosha kuti pave nekuonekwa kwekutanga kwekusiyana nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kuongororwa kwevhiki nevhiki kwezviyero zvakakosha zvakaita sepH, oxygen yakanyungudutswa, ammonia, nitrite, uye nitrate zvinokurudzirwa. Kudyara mari muzviyero zvekuongorora mvura zvinovimbika uye kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvakadzama kunobvumira matanho ekugadzirisa nekukurumidza.
Kuchinjana Kwemvura uye Kufefetera
Kuchinjana mvura nguva dzose, kungave kusina kukwana kana kwakakwana, kunobatsira kuderedza marara, kuzadza huwandu hweokisijeni, uye kuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura yese. Masisitimu ekufemesa, akadai sema paddle wheels, air diffusers, kana air stones, akakoshawo, kunyanya mumasisitimu ane huwandu hwakawanda hwemhepo. Kufemesa kwakakwana hakungoiti kuti huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa hurambe hwakakwira chete asiwo kunokurudzira kutenderera kwemvura, zvichidzivirira kupatsanurwa kwemvura.
Filtration Systems
Masisitimu ekusefa ezvipenyu, zvemakanika, uye zvemakemikari anoita basa guru mukuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura. Mafirita ezvipenyu, achishandisa mabhakitiriya anobatsira, anobatsira kushandura ammonia inokuvadza kuita nitrite nenitrate zvisina chepfu kuburikidza ne nitrification. Mafirita emakanika anobvisa zvinhu zvidiki, nepo kusefa kwemakemikari kuchigona kugadzirisa tsvina chaiyo. Kuchengetedza masisitimu aya zvakanaka kunoita kuti ashande zvakanaka.
Feed Management
Kudyisa zvipfuyo zvakanyanya ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera kusanaka kwemvura mukurima tilapia. Chikafu chisina kudyiwa chinoora, zvichigadzira ammonia nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekudyisa, dzakadai sekushandisa chikafu chemhando yepamusoro, chakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye kudyisa panguva yakakodzera, kunogona kuderedza marara. Zvikafu zvinodyisa zvipfuyo zvinogona kubatsira kupa nguva chaiyo yekudyisa.
Stocking Density
Kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvipfuyo kwakakosha pakudzivirira kuwanda kwezvipfuyo nematambudziko emhando yemvura. Kuwandisa kwezvipfuyo kunotungamira mukuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemarara, kupera kweokisijeni, uye njodzi huru dzekupararira kwezvirwere. Varimi vanofanira kutevedzera mwero wezvipfuyo zvinokurudzirwa, vachifunga nezvehuremu hwezvipfuyo uye hunhu hwemvura.
mhedziso
Hunhu hwakanaka hwemvura ndiyo musimboti wekubudirira kwekurima tilapia. Nekuchengetedza zviyero zvakanaka zvemuviri, makemikari, uye zvipenyu, varimi vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti hove dzine hutano, dzinokura nekukurumidza uye goho repamusoro. Kugara uchitarisa, maitiro ekutarisira nekukurumidza, uye kunzwisisa kwakazara kwehunhu hwemvura zvakakosha pakugadzira mashandiro ekurima tilapia anogara kwenguva refu uye ane purofiti.
