Maitiro Akabudirira Ekuberekesa Hove dzePomfret
Hove yePomfret, inozivikanwa nesainzi sePampus argenteus, imhando inokosheswa mukurima hove nekuda kwekukosha kwayo pamusika uye kudiwa kwayo munyika yekubika. Hove iyi inonaka inokosheswa nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwakapfava uye magadzirirwo ayo akapfava, zvichiita kuti ive inodiwa nevatengi muAsia nekune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kuti igutse kudiwa kuri kukura uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzirwa kwacho kuri kuenderera mberi, nzira dzinoshanda dzekuberekesa dzakakosha. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa nzira dzinobudirira dzekuberekesa hove dzepomfret, ichitarisa pazvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sekutarisira vana vehove, nzira dzekuberekesa, kurera makonye, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa ezvakatipoteredza.
1. Kutarisira Broodstock
1.1 Kusarudzwa kweBroodstock
Hwaro hwekubereka hunobudirira huri mukusarudza mhando dzemhuka dzinobereka vana dzemhando yepamusoro. Zvakakosha kusarudza mhuka dzine hutano, dzakasimba mumajini, dzisina zvirwere kana kuremara kwemuviri. Mhando dzinobereka vana dzinofanira kusarudzwa zvichibva pane zvinotevera:
– Saizi: Hove hombe dzinowanzo bereka mazai akawanda uye dzinobudirira pakubereka.
– Zera: Kazhinji, pomfret inosvika pakukura pabonde pazera remakore 2-3. Hove diki, dzisina kukura dzinofanira kudzivirirwa.
– Hutano: Hove dzinofanira kunge dzisina zviratidzo zvinooneka zvechirwere, tupukanana, uye kushushikana.
1.2 Kugadzirisa uye Kujairana
Kugadzirisa zvakanaka hove dzevana kwakakosha kuti hove dzibereke zvakanaka. Hove dzinofanira kujairana nenzvimbo yekuberekesa zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
– Kudyisa: Ipai kudya kwakaringana kwakapfuma mumapuroteni, mavhitamini, uye zvicherwa kuti muwedzere kugona kubereka. Kudya mhenyu kana kwemhando yepamusoro kwakadai sesquid, shrimp, uye hove diki kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwegomarara.
– Hunhu Hwemvura: Chengetedza mamiriro emvura akanaka (tembiricha: 26-28°C, munyu: 30-35 ppt, pH: 7.5-8.5) kuderedza kushushikana uye kukurudzira hutano.
– Photoperiod: Kutevedzera kutenderera kwechiedza chechisikigo kunogona kubatsira kubatanidza kutenderera kwekubereka kwevana vevana.
2. Kubereka Kunokurudzirwa
2.1 Kupinza Mahormone
Pomfret, sezvo iri hove yemugungwa, inowanzoda kupinza mahomoni kuti ibudirire kubereka. Mahormone anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog (LHRHa), uye Ovaprim. Maitiro acho anosanganisira:
– Chipimo: Kupa mushonga wakakodzera wemahormone zvichienderana nehuremu hwemuviri. Semuenzaniso, HCG inowanzo kupihwa nechiyero che500-1000 IU/kg.
– Jekiseni: Jekiseni remudumbu kana remudumbu rinowanzo shandiswa kuendesa mahormone.
– Nguva: Kubereka hove kunowanzoitika mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere mushure mekupiwa mahormone. Kugara uchitarisa hove munguva iyi kwakakosha.
2.2 Zvinokonzera Kukuvara Kwenharaunda
Kunze kwekuita kuti chibereko chibereke, zvinhu zvinokonzeresa nharaunda zvinogona kukurudzira kubereka kwechisikigo. Maitiro anosanganisira:
– Kuchinja-chinja kweMagadzirirwo emvura: Kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kwekushisa uye munyu kunogona kutevedzera zvinokonzeresa kubereka kwemhuka.
– Kuchinja simba rechiedza: Kuchinja simba rechiedza uye nguva yacho kunogona kukurudzira maitiro ekubereka.
3. Kubereka uye Kuunganidza Mazai
3.1 Maitiro Ekubvisa Mazai
Mapomfret anowanzo bereka mbeu dzinobva mugungwa, uko kubereka kunoitika mumvura. Kubereka kunogona kuitwa mu:
– Matangi Ekugadzira Mazai Echisikigo: Matangi makuru ane mamiriro ekunze akarongwa anogona kushandiswa kubatsira kubereka kwemhuka.
– Kubvisa nemaoko: Munzira iyi, mazai nemukaka zvinobviswa nemaoko kubva muhuku yevana vosanganisa kuti zviberekeswe, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzora kwakanyanya pamusoro pemaitiro acho.
3.2 Kuunganidzwa kwemazai uye Kufukidzwa kweMazai
Kana mazai apera kubereka, anounganidzwa achishandisa mambure akacheneswa kana nzira dzekuspompa. Matanho akakosha anosanganisira:
– Kuuraya Mazai: Kurapa mazai nemushonga we iodine munyoro kudzivirira hutachiona hwefungus.
– Kufukidzira mazai: Kuchengeta mazai muzvifukidziro zvinofefetera zvakanaka zvine mvura yakakwana (tembiricha: 26-28°C, munyu: 30-35 ppt) kusvika abvaruka.
4. Kurera Makonye
4.1 Kutarisirwa kweMakudo
Kana mapere echisvusvuro abuda, makonye anonyorova zvikuru uye anoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha. Matanho ekutanga anosanganisira:
– Kudyisa: Tanga kudyisa makonye achangoburwa nekudya mhenyu senge rotifers neArtemia nauplii, zvishoma nezvishoma uchichinja kuita kudya kwe micro-diet kwakagadzirwa.
– Hunhu Hwemvura: Chengetedza mamiriro emvura akachena, uchiita kuti okisijeni iwanikwe zvakakwana uye kuti ammonia iwande zvishoma.
4.2 Matanho Ekukura
Kukura kwemakonye kunogona kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvinotevera:
– Danho reYolk-Sac: Pakutanga, makonye anovimba neyalk sac yavo kuti vawane chikafu. Kudyisa kwekunze kunofanira kutanga kana yangomedzwa neyalk sac.
– Matanho Ekutanga Kufenda, Kufenda uye Mushure Mekufenda: Munguva iyi, makonye anochinja zvakanyanya chimiro chawo. Zvakakosha kutarisa kukura kwawo uye kugadzirisa nzira dzekudyisa dzinoenderana nazvo.
4.3 Kutarisira Hutano hweMakonye
Kuchengetedza hutano hwemakonzo kwakakosha kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekupona. Maitiro anosanganisira:
– Matanho ekuchengetedza zvipenyu: Isa mitemo yakasimba yehutsanana kudzivirira kupinda kwehutachiona.
– Kutarisira Zvirwere: Gara uchitarisa zviratidzo zvechirwere, uye shandisa mishonga yekudzivirira kana zvichidikanwa.
5. Chikamu chevana vechikoro
5.1 Kutamira kuNursery
Kana makonye asvika pahukuru hwakati (kazhinji anenge 2-3 cm), anotamisirwa mumatangi ekuchengeta vana. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo zvinosanganisira:
– Kuwanda kweMasokisi: Kuwanda kweMasokisi kwakakodzera kunodzivirira kuwanda kwezvipfuyo uye kunoita kuti zvikure zvakanaka.
– Kuchinja Kwekudya: Kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakudya mhenyu kuenda kukudya kwakarongwa kwekukura kwakakosha.
5.2 Kutarisirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza
Kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze akanaka kwakakosha pakukura kwevana. Zvinhu zvinosanganisira:
– Zvinodiwa paMvura: Kutarisa nekugadzirisa hunhu hwemvura nguva dzose.
– Kugadzirisa Matangi: Kuchenesa nguva dzose uye kuchinjana mvura kudzivirira kuungana kwezvirwere.
6. Chikamu Chekukura
6.1 Kutamisirwa kuSisitimu dzeKukura
Hove diki dzinozopedzisira dzaendeswa kunzvimbo dzinokura hove, dzinogona kunge dziri mumadziva evhu, nzira dzemabhiza, kana makeji mumvura yakashama. Nzira yega yega ine zvayakanakira nematambudziko ayo.
6.2 Kutarisira Kudya
Kudya kwakaringana, zvichienderana nedanho rekukura uye mamiriro enzvimbo, kunoita kuti hukure zvakanaka. Maitiro ekudyisa zvinosanganisira:
– Kudya Nguva Dzose: Kudya kakawanda kadiki mukati mezuva ndiko kuri nani.
– Hunhu Hwekudya: Hune mapuroteni akawanda uye kudya kwakaringana kwakakosha.
6.3 Kukohwa
Kana hove dzasvika pakukura kwekutengeswa, kazhinji dzinenge 500-1000 magiramu, dzinobva dzatorwa. Nzira dzinoshandiswa dzinosanganisira kukanda mambure nekukohwa zvishoma, zvichiita kuti hove diki dzirambe dzichikura.
mhedziso
Kubudirira kubereka hove dzepomfret kunoda kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwehupenyu hwadzo, kutarisirwa kwevana vehove, kudzorwa kwakanyatsonaka kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutarisirwa kwakasimba muchikamu chega chega chehupenyu. Nekushandisa nzira dzekubereka dzinokonzereswa nekukonzereswa, nzira dzakasimba dzekurera makonye, uye manejimendi ekukura zvakanaka, nyanzvi dzehove dzinogona kuwana mwero wekurarama wakakwira uye kugadzira pomfret dzemhando yepamusoro kuti dzigutse zvinodiwa nemusika. Kubereka hove dzinogara kwenguva refu hakungogadzirisi chete hupfumi asiwo kunobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwehuwandu hwehove dzemusango dzepomfret. Sezvo tekinoroji nehunyanzvi zvichiramba zvichichinja, mikana yekuchengetwa kwehove dzepomfret inoita seyakanaka, ichivimbisa kuwanikwa kwehove idzi dzinonaka kwemakore anotevera.
