Mitemo yekushandiswa kwemaDrone asina madhirowa muIndonesia
Kushandiswa kwemotokari dzisina vanhu (UAVs) kwave kuri kufarirwa zvakanyanya muIndonesia mumakore achangopfuura. Madhironi anoshandiswa pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakutora mifananidzo yemudenga uye kumepu kusvika pakutarisa zvakatipoteredza uye kutakura zvinhu. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvengozi dzinogona kuitika uye kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwadzinoita, mitemo yakasimba inodiwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushandiswa kwemadhironi kwakachengeteka uye kwakarongeka. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama mitemo inodzora kushandiswa kwemadhironi muIndonesia, iyo inodzorwa neMinistry of Transportation kuburikidza neMinister Regulation pamwe nemimwe mitemo yakasiyana-siyana.
Nhoroondo neNhevedzano yeMitemo yeDrone muIndonesia
Mutemo wekutanga wekushandiswa kwemadrone muIndonesia wakatanga neMutemo weGurukota rezveKutakura reRepublic of Indonesia Nhamba PM 163 ya2015 ine chekuita neKushandiswa kweNzvimbo yeMuchadenga Kwete yeZvinangwa zveMasoja. Mutemo uyu unopa gwara rekutanga maererano nenzvimbo yemuchadenga inobvumirwa kushandiswa kwemadrone. Mushure mezvo, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwemadrone, Ministry of Transportation yakaburitsa Mutemo weGurukota rezveKutakura reRepublic of Indonesia Nhamba PM 37 ya2020 ine chekuita neKushanda kweNdege Dzisina Mutyairi muNzvimbo yeMuchadenga Inoshumirwa neIndonesia. Mutemo uyu unopa gwara rakadzama, kusanganisira mitemo yekunyoreswa kwemadrone uye chitupa.
Tsanangudzo uye Kurongwa kweDrones
Mitemo yeGurukota rezvekufambisa inoronga madrone muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nehuremu hwawo uye mashandiro awo. Kazhinji, madrone anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvikuru:
1. Micro drone: Drone inorema pasi pe2 kg.
2. Madrone madiki: Madrone anorema pakati pemakirogiramu maviri kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu.
3. Madhironi ari pakati nepakati: Madhironi anorema pakati pemakirogiramu makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu.
4. Madhoni makuru: Madhoni anorema kupfuura makirogiramu zana nemakumi mashanu.
Kunyoresa Ndege Dzinobhururuka
Munhu wese anoshandisa drone anofanirwa kunyoresa drone yake asati ashandisa. Maitiro aya ekunyoresa anobvumira vane masimba kuziva nekutevera drone yega yega iri kushanda mundege yeIndonesia. Maitiro ekunyoresa anoitwa kuburikidza neDirectorate of Airworthiness and Aircraft Operations (DKPPU) yeMinistry of Transportation. Kuti vanyorese, vanonyorera vanofanira kupa magwaro anotevera:
1. Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwedrone, kusanganisira hunyanzvi hwayo nehuremu hwayo.
2. Chitupa chekusimbisa kuti ndege yacho inokodzera here kana kuti humbowo hwekusimbisa hunobva kumugadziri.
3. Kuzivikanwa kwemuridzi wedrone kana mushandi wayo.
4. Chinangwa chekushandisa madrone.
Marezenisi uye Mashandiro
Kushandiswa kwemadrone muIndonesia kunodzorwa nemitemo yakawanda yakaoma uye mvumo yekuona kuti ndege dzakachengeteka. Heano mimwe mitemo iyo vanofambisa madrone vanofanira kuziva:
1. Zvinodiwa paKukwira Kwendege: Madhironi anobvumirwa kubhururuka pakakwirira kupfuura mamita 150 kubva pasi, kunze kwekunge mvumo yakakosha yawanikwa.
2. Nzvimbo Dzisingabhururuke: Madhironi haabvumidzwe kubhururuka munzvimbo dzakarambidzwa kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzendege pasina mvumo, senge nzvimbo dziri pedyo nenhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzemauto, nenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hupenyu hwenyika.
3. Mutsetse wekuona: Kushanda kwedrone kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati memutsetse wekuona wemushandisi uye hakufanirwe kupfuura mamita mazana mashanu kubva panzvimbo yekushandira.
4. Kurambidzwa Kushandiswa Munzvimbo Dzine Vanhu: Madhironi haafanirwe kubhururutswa pamusoro pevanhu vakawanda kana munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, kunze kwekunge mvumo yakakosha yawanikwa.
5. Inishuwarenzi: Vashandi vemadrone vanofanirwa kuve neinishuwarenzi inovhara mutoro wevamwe vanhu kuti ivhare kukuvara kana tsaona dzinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemadrone.
Rezenisi yeMushandisi
Vashandi vemadrone vanoshandisa madrone anorema kupfuura makirogiramu makumi maviri nemashanu kana kuti pazvinangwa zvekutengeserana vanofanirwa kunge vaine rezenisi rakapihwa nebazi rezvekufambisa reIndonesia. Rezenisi iyi inozivikanwa seRemote Pilot License (RPL). Maitiro ekuwana rezenisi iyi anosanganisira kudzidziswa uye bvunzo yekuona kuti vashandi vane hunyanzvi neruzivo rwakakwana rwekushandisa madrone zvakachengeteka uye zvinoenderana nemitemo.
Kushandiswa kweDrones pazvinangwa zvebhizinesi nehunyanzvi
Kushandiswa kwemadrone ekufambisa zvinhu muIndonesia kunodawo mamwe marezenisi. Semuenzaniso, makambani anoshandisa madrone ekumepa, kutora mifananidzo yemudenga, kana kuendesa zvinhu anofanira kuwana mvumo yakakosha kubva kuBazi rezvekufambisa. Izvi zvinowira pasi pemutemo wezvekufambisa ndege unozivikanwa seChitupa cheMushandi weNdege (SPO).
Zvirango uye Kutyora Mutemo
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mitemo iripo yatevedzerwa, Bazi rezvekufambisa reIndonesia rakaisa zvirango zvakawanda kune vanoshandisa madrone vanotyora mitemo. Izvi zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvekutyora mitemo zvinogona kukonzera zvirango:
1. Kushanda kusina rezenisi: Madhironi asina kunyoreswa kana mvumo anodiwa achabhadhariswa faindi uye kutorwa kwedhirowa.
2. Kushanda munzvimbo dzisingabvumidzwe kubhururuka: Kushanda nemadrone munzvimbo dzisingabvumidzwe pasina mvumo kuchabhadhariswa faindi uye zvirango zvemhosva zvichienderana nemitemo inoshanda.
3. Zvikanganiso pakushanda: Kukundikana kutevedzera zvinodiwa pakushanda zvakaita sehurefu hwakanyanya uye kuonekwa kunogona kukonzera kumiswa kwerezenisi uye faindi.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kugadzira Marongero
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, mitemo ine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemadrone iri kugara ichigadziriswa kuti ienderane nekuvandudzwa kuri kuitika. Hurumende yeIndonesia yakatanga zvirongwa zvakati wandei zvekutsigira hunyanzvi muindasitiri yemadrone, kusanganisira kushanda pamwe chete nemasangano akasiyana-siyana edzidzo nemakambani etekinoroji mukutsvaga nekuvandudza.
Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwemadrone muIndonesia kune mabhenefiti akawanda, asi kunewo njodzi dzinofanira kutarisirwa nokungwarira. Nemitemo yakasimba kubva kuBazi rezvekufambisa, zvinotarisirwa kuti kushandiswa kwemadrone kunogona kuitwa zvakachengeteka, zvakarongeka, uye zvine mutoro. Zvakakosha kuti munhu wese anoshandisa madrone anzwisise uye atevedzere mitemo iripo kudzivirira zvirango uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mapato ese anobatanidzwa akachengeteka. Saka, tekinoroji yemadrone inogona kupa mupiro wakanaka kuzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana muIndonesia.
Chinyorwa chino chinotarisira kuti vanofambisa madrone nevanogona kushandisa vachanzwisisa zviri nani mitemo inotonga kushandiswa kwemadrone muIndonesia uye vozvipira kutevedzera mitemo yese yakatarwa. Izvi zvichaita kuti kushandiswa kwemadrone kuve kwakachengeteka uye kwakarongeka, zvichiwedzera mhedzisiro yakanaka kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana munyika yese.
