Basa reUN muHukama Hwenyika Dzepasi Pose
Sangano reUnited Nations (UN) isangano repasi rose rakavambwa musi wa24 Gumiguru, 1945, mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II. Chinangwa charo chikuru ndechekudzivirira kusawirirana pasi rose, kuchengetedza rugare, kuona kuti pasi rose pave nekuchengetedzeka, uye kukurudzira kushandira pamwe pakati penyika muminda yezvehupfumi, magariro evanhu, tsika, uye rubatsiro rwevanhu. Kusvika pari zvino, UN yave iri sangano guru muhukama hwepasi rose, ichiita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwepasi rose.
Kuumbwa uye Chinangwa cheUN
UN yakavambwa nekuda kwekuda kudzivirira nyonganyonga yepasi rose yakaitika panguva yeHondo Yenyika I neYechipiri. Chibvumirano cheUN, icho chinoshanda sehwaro hwebumbiro remitemo yesangano iri, chakatenderwa nenyika dzese makumi mashanu nerimwe dzakatanga sangano iri. Zvinangwa zvikuru zvakatsanangurwa muChibvumirano cheUN zvinosanganisira:
1. Kuchengetedza rugare nekuchengetedzeka pasi rose, nekudzivirira nekurerutsa kusawirirana pakati penyika.
2. Kuvaka hukama hwakanaka pakati penyika hwakavakirwa pakuremekedza nheyo dzekodzero dzakaenzana uye kuzvitonga.
3. Kuronga kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese mukugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose muminda yezvehupfumi, yemagariro evanhu, yetsika neyorubatsiro uye mukusimudzira kuremekedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.
4. Kuva nzvimbo yekubvumidza zvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvine chinangwa chekuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi.
Maumbirwo uye Mabasa Makuru eUN
UN ine masangano makuru akati wandei, rimwe nerimwe riine basa raro uye basa raro mukuita basa resangano iri. Mamwe acho anosanganisira:
1. Musangano Mukuru: Uyu ndiwo musangano mukuru wehurukuro umo nyika dzese dziri nhengo dzine kodzero dzakaenzana dzekumiririrwa uye dzekuvhota. Musangano uyu unoshanda senzvimbo yekukurukurirana nekuita sarudzo panyaya dzepasi rose.
2. Dare rekuchengetedza: Rine basa rekuchengetedza rugare nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika dzese. Rine nhengo gumi neshanu, uye nyika shanu (United States, Russia, China, United Kingdom, neFrance) dziri nhengo dzechigarire dzine simba rekudzivirira.
3. Dare rezvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu: Rinoronga kushandira pamwe kwezvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu pasi rose pamwe nebasa remasangano nemasangano akasarudzika ari pasi peUN.
4. Dare reTrusteeship: Rakagadzwa kuti ritarisire nzvimbo dzeTrust uye kuona kuti dzinozvitonga kana kuti dzakasununguka. Mabasa aro makuru akapedzwa muna 1994.
5. Dare rePasirose reJustice: Rine basa rekugadzirisa kusawirirana kwepamutemo pakati penyika uye kupa mazano ekupa mazano pamibvunzo yepamutemo inotumirwa nemasangano eUN nemasangano akasarudzika.
6. Secretariat: Ine basa rekuita basa rezuva nezuva reUN, ichitungamirwa naSecretary-General.
Basa reUN mukuchengetedza Rugare neChengetedzo
Rimwe remabasa akakosha eUN kuchengetedza rugare nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika dzese. Dare rekuchengetedza reUN rine basa rekuona matambudziko anogona kuitika uye kutora matanho pamwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutumira mahofisi ekuchengetedza runyararo kuti aongorore kumisa mhirizhonga, kuona kuti sarudzo dzakasununguka uye dzakanaka, kana kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu.
Kuedza kweDhigiriisheni neKuyananisa
UN inowanzo shanda semurevereri muhondo dzepasi rose. Mienzaniso inoonekwa inosanganisira kupindira kweUN muCongo (1960-1964) uye muMiddle East (semuenzaniso, kuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwerunyararo muIsrael nePalestine). Uyezve, Munyori Mukuru weUN anowanzo shanda semumiriri wezvekudyidzana, sezvakaita Dag Hammarskjöld muCongo uye, munguva pfupi yapfuura, António Guterres muhondo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Rubatsiro Rwevanhu
Kana matambudziko akaitika, kungave nekuda kwehondo kana njodzi dzechisikigo, masangano eUN akadai seUNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), uye WFP (World Food Programme) anopa rubatsiro rwakakosha kuvanhu. UN inovimbisa kuti rubatsiro rwunoendeswa nekukurumidza uye zvakanangana kune avo vanoshaya, kuderedza kutambura kwevanhu uye kubatsira maitiro ekupora.
Kubudirira Kwehupfumi Nemagariro Evanhu
Kuburikidza neEconomic and Social Council pamwe nemasangano akasiyana-siyana akadai seUNESCO, WHO, neUNDP, UN iri kushanda nesimba mukusimudzira hupfumi nemagariro evanhu. Zvirongwa zveUN zvakabatsira zvikuru mukuderedza urombo, kuvandudza mukana wekuwana dzidzo nehutano, uye kukurudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi.
Kodzero dzevanhu
UN inoitawo basa rakakosha mukusimudzira nekudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu. Dare reKodzero dzeVanhu neHofisi yeUN High Commissioner for Human Rights vanoshanda kuti vaongorore kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu pasi rose uye vatsigire nyika kuti dzivandudze mwero wadzo. UN yakatorawo zvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi rose zvinovimbisa kodzero dzevanhu, zvakaita seUniversal Declaration of Human Rights.
Matambudziko uye Kutsoropodzwa
Pasinei nekubudirira kukuru kweUN, inosanganawo nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana uye kushoropodzwa. Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinoshoropodzwa ndechekuumbwa kweSecurity Council, iyo inoonekwa seisingamiriri masimba epasi rose emazuva ano uye ichipesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nenyika dzine simba rekudzivirira. Uyezve, kushanda kweUN mukugadzirisa kusawirirana munyika dzakadai seSyria, Myanmar, neYemen kunowanzo bvunzwa.
Imwe tsumo inobva pakuvimba kwayo nemari kubva kumari inopihwa nenyika dziri nhengo, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinokanganisa kuzvimiririra kweUN uye kushanda kwayo zvakanaka. Kujeka uye kuoma kwehurongwa hwehurumende mukati meUN zvinoonekwawo sezvipingamupinyi pakuitwa kwemabasa ayo.
Kugadziriswa kweUN
Zvichitevera matambudziko aya, vazhinji vari kukurudzira shanduko mukati meUN kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo uye kukosha kwayo. Shanduko dzakadai dzinogona kusanganisira shanduko kuhurongwa hwenhengo dzeSecurity Council, kusimbisa nzira dzekutarisira kodzero dzevanhu, kuwedzera kujeka uye kuzvidavirira, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko matsva epasi rose akadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedzwa kwemakombiyuta.
Mhedziso
Sesangano guru repasi rose, basa reUN muhukama hwepasi rose rakakosha uye rine mativi akawanda. Kubva pakuchengetedza rugare nekuchengetedzeka uye kugadzirisa matambudziko erubatsiro kusvika pakusimudzira hupfumi nemagariro evanhu nekodzero dzevanhu, UN inoramba iri nhengo inokosha mukugadzira nyika yakachengeteka, yakarurama, uye yakabudirira.
Kunyangwe iri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda uye kushoropodzwa, basa reUN harisi rekutsiva munyika ino iri kuchinja uye yakaoma. Kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa nguva dzose kuti UN irambe ichiita mabasa ayo nemazvo uye zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose ezana remakore rechi21. Nekuzvipira nekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese dziri nhengo, UN inogona kuramba iri chiedza chetariro yekuwana rugare nekubudirira zvinogara kwenguva refu pasi rose.
