1. If no net force acts on an object, then :
(1) the object is not accelerated
(2) object at rest
(3) the change of velocity of an object = 0
(4) the object can not travels at a constant velocity
Which statement is correct.
Solution
The correct statement :
(1) The object is not accelerated
The net force causes acceleration of an object. So if no net force then objects is not accelerated.
(2) Object at rest
Newton’s first law of motion states that if no net force acts on an object then an object always at rest or the object is always traveling at a constant velocity.
(3) The change of velocity of an object = 0
Change of velocity = acceleration. No change of velocity means no acceleration. If no acceleration then no net force acts on an object.
[irp]
2. The weight of a person in an elevator at rest = 500 N. Acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2. When lift accelerated, the tension force is 750 N. What is the acceleration of lift.
Known :
Person’s weight (w) = 500 Newton = 500 kg m s–2 (lift at rest)
Acceleration of gravity (g) = 10 m s–2
Person’s mass (m) = 500 / 10 = 50 kg
Tension force (T) = 750 N (lift accelerated)
Elevator’s mass ignored.
Wanted: Acceleration of elevator
Solution :
Elevator at rest, no acceleration (a = 0). Force acts upward has plus sign and force acts downward has minus sign.
ΣF = m a
T – w = 0
T = w
T = 500 Newton
If the elevator accelerated downward then the tension force smallest then 500 N. Otherwise, if the elevator accelerated upward then the tension force larger then 500 N.
The tension force = 750 N because the elevator accelerated upward. Force acts upward has plus sign and force acts downward has minus sign.
T – w = m a
750 – 500 = 50 a
250 = 50 a
a = 250 / 50
a = 5.0 m s–2
[irp]
3. An 60-kg person in an elevator accelerated downward at 3 m/s2. If acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2, what is the normal force exerted by elevator’s floor on person.
Known :
Mass (m) = 60 kg
Acceleration of person and elevator (a) = 3 m/s2
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
Weight (w) = m g = (60)(10) = 600 Newton
Wanted: The normal force (N)
Solution :
There are two forces acts on the person in the elevator, that is weight (w) of person and the normal force (N) exerted by the floor on the person. There are three vector quantities, that is weight (w), normal force (N) and acceleration of elevator, where weight acts downward, the normal force acts upward, acceleration of elevator is downward. Vector quantities that act downward have plus sign and vector quantities that act upward have minus sign.
∑F = m a
w – N = (60)(3)
600 – N = 180
N = 600 – 180
N = 420 Newton
[irp]
4. A 40-kg object in an elevator accelerated upward. If the elevator’s floor exerts 520 N on object and acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2. What is the acceleration of the elevator?
Known :
Mass (m) = 40 kg
Normal force (N) = 520 N
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
weight (w) = m g = (40)(10) = 400 N
Wanted : Acceleration of elevator
Solution :
∑F = m a
400 – 520 = (40)(a)
-120 = (40)(a)
a = -120/40
a = -3 m/s2
Acceleration of elevator is 3 m/s2. Minus sign indicates that elevator travels upward.
5. An 60-kg object in an elevator accelerated downward at 3 m/s2. What is the force exerted by object on the elevator’s floor.
Known :
Mass (m) = 60 kg
Weight (w) = m g = (60 kg)(10 m/s2) = 600 kg m/s2 = 600 Newton
Acceleration of elevator (a) = 3 m/s2, downward
Wanted : Force exerted by object on the elevator’s floor.
Solution :
Elevator accelerated downward at 3 m/s. Force acts downward has plus sign and force acts upward has minus sign.
w – N = m a
N = w – m a
N = 600 – (60)(3)
N = 600 – 180
N = 420 Newton
Force exerted by the object on the elevator’s floor = 420 N.
[irp]
6. Two blocks are connected by a cord running over a pulley. Ignore the mass of the cord and pulley and any friction in the pulley. Mass of block A is 6 kg and mass of block B is 2 kg. Acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2. What is the tension force?
Known :
mA = 6 kg, mB = 2 kg, g = 10 m/s2
wA = mA g = (6 kg)(10 m/s2) = 60 kg m/s2
wB = mB g = (2 kg)(10 m/s2) = 20 kg m/s2
Wanted : tension force (T) ?
Solution :
wA > wB so that mA moves downward, mB moves upward.
Newton’s second law :
ΣF = m a
wA – wB = (mA + mB) a
60 – 20 = (6 + 2) a
40 = (8) a
a = 40 / 8 = 5 m/s2
Tension force :
mA moves downward :
wA – TA = mA a
60 – TA = (6)(5)
60 – TA = 30
TA = 60 – 30
T2 = 30 Newton
mB moves upward :
TB – wB = mB a
TB – 20 = (2)(5)
TB – 20 = 10
TB = 10 + 20
T1 = 30 Newton
Tension force (T) = 30 Newton.
7. Mass of object A = 5 kg, acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m s-2. Object A moves downward at 2.5 m.s-2. What is the mass of B ?
Known :
Mass A (mA) = 5 kg
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
Acceleration of object A (a) = 2.5 m/s2
Weight A (wA) = (mA)(g) = (5)(10) = 50 Newton
Wanted : Mass of object B (mB)
Solution :
Block A moves downward so weight of object A (wA) larger than weight of object B (wB).
Apply Newton’s second law :
ΣF = m a
wA – wB = (mA + mB) a
50 – (mB)(10) = (5 + mB) (2.5)
50 – 10 mB = 12.5 + 2.5 mB
50 – 12.5 = 2.5 mB + 10 mB
37.5 = 12.5 mB
mB = 3 kg
[irp]
8. Acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2. What is the tension force.
Known :
Mass of object 1 (m1) = 2 kg
Mass of object 2 (m2) = 3 kg
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
Weight 1 (w1) = (m1)(g) = (2 kg)(10 m/s2) = 20 kg m/s2
Weight 2 (w2) = (m2)(g) = (3 kg)(10 m/s2) = 30 kg m/s2
Wanted : tension force (T)
Solution :
w2 > w1 so that m2 moves downward and m1 moves upward.
Newton’s second law of motion :
ΣF = m a
w2 – w1 = (m1 + m2) a
30 – 20 = (2 + 3 ) a
10 = (5) a
a = 10 / 5 = 2 m/s2.
Tension force ?
m2 moves downward
w2 – T2 = m2 a
30 – T2 = (3)(2)
30 – T2 = 6
T2 = 30 – 6
T2 = 24 Newton
m1 moves upward
T1 – w1 = m1 a
T1 – 20 = (2)(2)
T1 – 20 = 4
T1 = 20 + 4
T1 = 24 Newton
Tension force (T) = 24 Newton.
